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POIKILIA w Dionysiaka Nonnosa

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DE
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die verschiedenen Aspekte des Begriffes von poikilia (varietas) in den Dionysiaka des Nonnos dargestellt. Die Varietät, die in der Spätantike ein künstlerisches und stilistisches Ideal gewesen zu sein scheint, lässt sich in Werk von Nonnos auf verschiedenen Ebenen beobachten, sie ist nämlich das kompositorische und stilistische Hauptprinzip des Werkes und kommt zum Ausdruck im Synonymenreichtum, in der Variation der Darstellung der Gegenstände und Situationen. Die Struktur des Epos spiegelt ebenso die Grundprinzip der poikilia wieder.
PL
In this article the author presents the references and allusions to wine in the 1.1 – 12.138 Dionysiaka of Nonnus.The analysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that wine is present in Nonnos’ epos beforeits discovering in book 12. The presence of wine in the first 12 book of Dionysiaka has great significance forthe composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem as based on the principle of variety. The analysis of the passagesexcerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that references to wine present in Nonnos’ epos precede the story of itsdiscovery in book 12. The occurence of references and allusions to wine in the first 12 books of Dionysiakahas an important significance for the composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem based on the principle of variety.
PL
In this article the author presents the references and allusions to wine in the 1.1 – 12.138 Dionysiaka of Nonnus.The analysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that wine is present in Nonnos’ epos beforeits discovering in book 12. The presence of wine in the first 12 book of Dionysiaka has great significance forthe composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem as based on the principle of variety. The analysis of the passagesexcerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that references to wine present in Nonnos’ epos precede the story of itsdiscovery in book 12. The occurence of references and allusions to wine in the first 12 books of Dionysiakahas an important significance for the composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem based on the principle of variety.
EN
In this article the author presents the elements of comedy and parody in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus. The analysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that the composition of Nonnus’ poem is based on the principle of generic variety.
EN
The Dionysiaca by Nonnos of Panopolis is the most ample extant epos of ancient Greek literature (consisting of 48 books). Besides very frequent allusions and references to ancient Greek and even Latin literature, in Nonnos’ epos there can be found hints of medical knowledge such as: methods of medical treatment (especially of warriors’ injuries), and the symptoms of pathological conditions, diseases and disorders. The epos also mentions many human physiological phenomena and processes such as: descriptions relating to the physiological characteristics of old age, birth, and breastfeeding. The aim of this article is to present a wide range of issues connected with human lactation as depicted in the Dionysiaca of Nonnos in the light of modern medical knowledge. The presentation of passages concerning lactation includes the most common form of breastfeeding post-partum, and wet-nursing, as well as the rare, but possible, non-puerperal lactation. The description of male lactation is the last of these phenomena. These scenes of breastfeeding seem to serve both to prove the broad medical knowledge of the author as well as to fulfil the literary principle of variety (varietas).
PL
Nonnos z Panopolis, ostatni wielki epik grecki, stworzył najobszerniejszy zachowany epos grecki Dionysiaka. Poza nawiązaniami do literatury pięknej, w eposie znaleźć można wiele bardzo ciekawych spostrzeżeń natury medycznej. I tak o znajomości sztuki leczniczej autora dzieła świadczą zawarte w Dionysiaka opisy urazów, jakie odnoszą wojownicy podczas bitwy, oraz przedstawione sposoby ich leczenia. W mare magnum Dionysiaka nie zabrakło również wzmianek o procesach fizjologicznych, takich jak: zmiany charakterystyczne dla wieku starczego, narodzin czy karmienia piersią. Artykuł przedstawia szeroko problematykę laktacji w dziele Nonnosa, starając się wyjaśnić zjawiska opisane przez starożytnego autora z perspektywy współczesnej wiedzy medycznej. Przedstawione zostają kolejno: najczęstsza, fizjologiczna laktacja po porodzie, karmienie niemowlęcia przez mamkę, następnie nieczęsta, ale możliwa przecież laktacja u kobiet, które nie rodziły. Jako ostatnie przeanalizowane zostają sceny karmienia dziecka przez mężczyzn.
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