Search results - CEJSH

1

Absorption of EU Funds in the Context of Polish Enterprises Competitiveness Measured by Profitability Ratios

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Wildowicz-Giegiel A., Wyszkowski A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

113-123

EN

Competitiveness at the firm level is a subject of interest not only to managers and policy makers but also academics. An effective functioning under the conditions of new economy requires from the enterprises to develop their core capabilities and talents along with the ability to quickly identify and seize the opportunities generated by market environment. The implementation of such an approach allows the creation and sustain of economic surpluses in the long-run. The paper aims to examine the profitability of enterprises in Poland which is regarded in the context of absorption of EU funds in years 2007–2013. Taking into account that Poland became one of the largest beneficiaries, it is worth ana-lyzing the impact of EU funding on the economic performance of Polish enterpris-es. The paper offers a critical reflection on the relationship between the absorption of EU funds and Polish enterprises competitiveness on the basis of the content analysis literature and statistical data derived from the European Commission, the Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Regional Development. It is assumed simultaneously that the competitiveness of enterprises is expressed in the term of profitability rates. In spite of limitations which relate to the adopted definition of competitiveness and the short period of the conducted analysis concerning the key relationship, the paper contributes to the debate on the significance of EU Funds in the process of building modern and innovative economy.

2

EU Funds. The Challenge for Innovation and Regional Disparity in Poland

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Lewandowska A.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2016

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issue 3(45)

33-40

EN

The article concentrates on the role of European Union funds for innovation and balancing regional disparity in Poland. The challenge of regional innovativeness as a specific social process becomes more important to the regional policy and a structural Poland. The means of pro-innovative regional policy is particularly important in the light of globalization challenges and official policies made by the European Union and Member States. Analyses presented in the paper are based on the programming documents at EU level, the country and the region, as well as analyses, reports and statistical data on EU funds and their impact on innovation and socio-economic development. This paper analyses the regional disparities and tries to identify the causes and measures particularly in the socio-economic development and innovativeness. It also discusses the structural funds available in 2004–2006 and 2007–2013, which can be regarded as a remarkable opportunity to improve the competitive position relative to other European regions and experience for the financial possibilities of the structural funds in the new financial perspective 2014–2020.

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na roli funduszy Unii Europejskiej na rzecz innowacji i równoważenia nierówności regionalnych w Polsce. Innowacje jako specyficzny proces społeczno-gospodarczy stają się coraz bardziej istotne dla polityki regionalnej i strukturalnej Polsce. Środki proinnowacyjnej polityki regionalnej są szczególnie ważne w świetle wyzwań globalizacyjnych i reguł, wprowadzonych przez Unię Europejską i państwa członkowskie. Analiza przedstawiona w artykule jest oparta na dokumentach programowych na poziomie UE, kraju i regionu, a także analizach, raportach i danych statystycznych dotyczących funduszy UE i ich wpływu na innowacje i rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Artykuł analizuje regionalne dysproporcje i próbuje zidentyfikować przyczyny i środki szczególnie w zakresie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i innowacyjności. Omawia także fundusze strukturalne dostępne w latach 2004–2006 i 2007–2013, które można uznać za niezwykłą okazję dla polskich regionów do poprawy pozycji konkurencyjnej w stosunku do innych regionów europejskich i nabycia doświadczeń w zakresie korzystania z funduszy strukturalnych w ramach nowej perspektywy finansowej 2014–2020.

3

Inwestycje mikroprzedsiębiorstw województwa lubelskiego z uwzględnieniem źródeł ich finansowania

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Ziętek-Kwaśniewska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 2(22)

323-332

EN

The aim of the article is to analyse the investment activity of micro-enterprises from the Lubelskie voivodeship, and to indicate the sources of its financing, with particualar emphasis on EU funds. During the period 2009-2013, the investment outlays of micro-enterprises from the Lubelskie voivodeship were subject to significant fluctuations. The data analysis indicates the moderate investment activity of entities from the other regions of Poland. Micro- and small enterprises from the Lubelskie voivodeship financed their investments mainly from their own resources. The usage of UE funds in investment financing was relatively small. For micro-entrepreneurs from the Lubelskie voivodeship, barriers to using EU funds of particular importance were: bureaucracy, lack of own resources, and insufficient knowledge.

4

The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investments and EU Funding During the 2007–2013 Programming Period

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Cywiński Ł.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2018

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issue 3(53)

7-17

EN

The review of economic literature indicates that the 2007–2013 programming period has not yet been completely analyzed in terms of the EU funds and stock of FDI. Moreover, previous studies omitted most of the EU funds because they focused mainly on structural funds and cohesion funds. The main question of this paper is organized around whether there is a positive relationship between the stock of FDI and specific EU funds. We use a panel of 27 EU countries to analyze fifty policy variables from the 2007–2013 programming period with panel linear regression models. In contrast to analysis of previous programming periods, the results did not indicate that there was a statistically significant relationship between structural or cohesion funds and the stock of FDI. The results indicate instead that ceteris paribus FDI stock is influenced by EU funds for preservation and management of natural resources and the media 2007 programme. And more specifically that EUR 100 million increase of funds for preservation and management of natural resources increased FDI stock by 1,01%–2,02%. A one million increase of funds for media 2007 related programs increased FDI stock by 3,36%–4,29%. Additionally, the results indicate that there is an interaction between GDP per capita and funds for the preservation of animal and plant health, and GDP per capita with funds for solidarity and management of migration flows. This research is a pilot study. According to the author’s knowledge this is the first analysis that takes into account all EU policy variables, and not just a selected few as well as the first study that analyses FDI and all EU funds during the 2007–2013 programming period.

PL

Przegląd literatury ekonomicznej wskazuje, że dotychczas okres programowania 2007–2013 nie został jeszcze w pełni przebadany pod kątem związków funduszy europejskich i bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ). Ponadto, wcześniejsze analizy wpływu funduszy europejskich na BIZ koncentrowały się na funduszach strukturalnych i funduszach kohezji — pozostałe fundusze pomijano. Główne pytanie, wokół którego zorganizowane jest niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy zależności stanu BIZ i funduszy europejskich. Badanie przeprowadzono z użyciem panelu 27 krajów europejskich; przeanalizowano pięćdziesiąt funduszy europejskich z okresu programowania 2007–2013, za pomocą panelowych modeli regresji liniowej. W przeciwieństwie do analiz wcześniejszych okresów programowania, otrzymane rezultaty nie wskazują na statystycznie istotną zależność pomiędzy stanem BIZ a funduszami strukturalnymi i funduszami kohezji. Rezultaty wskazują natomiast, że stan BIZ zależny jest od środków UE na zachowanie i zarządzanie zasobami naturalnymi oraz program media 2007. A dokładniej, zwiększenie funduszy na zachowanie i zarządzanie zasobami naturalnymi o 100 mln euro przekłada się na 1,01–2,02% wzrost stanu BIZ. A dodatkowy milion EUR na program media 2007 przekłada się na 3,36–4,29% wzrost stanu BIZ ceteris paribus. Ponadto, rezultaty wskazują na statystycznie istotną interakcję pomiędzy BIZ oraz PKB per capita i funduszami przeznaczonymi na zachowanie zdrowia zwierząt i roślin oraz PKB per capita i funduszami na zarządzanie przepływami migracyjnymi. Niniejsze badanie ma charakter pilotażowy. Według wiedzy autora, jest to pierwsza analiza, która bierze pod uwagę wszystkie fundusze europejskie, a nie jedynie fundusze kohezji i fundusze strukturalne. Jest to również pierwsza analiza, która bada wpływ funduszy wszystkich europejskich na BIZ w okresie programowanie 2007–2013.

5

European Union Funds in the Financial Framework 2014–2020 in the Process of Building Competitive Capacity among the Communes of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship

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Karaszewski W., Jaworek M., Kola-Bezka M., Kuzel M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 3(41)

41-48

EN

The aim of this article is to present the plans of the communes of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship identified in the course of the survey regarding their use of EU funds for building their competitive capacity and pursuing their strategic development objectives in the period 2014–2020. The study helped to identify the expected results of the use of EU funds in the financial framework 2014–2020 by the communes of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship as well as the importance of these funds for the implementation of these communes’ development strategies. The results show that the communes intend to actively seek financial resources made available to Poland for the implementation of the cohesion policy in the period 2014–2020 and use them to achieve the objectives set out in their development strategies. Expectations of the communes regarding the outcomes that they expect to achieve as a result of the implementation of the projects co-financed by the EU, however, seem inadequate when compared to the actual opportunities that these operational programmes create in terms of the implementation of investment projects in 2014–2020. This raises concerns that these resources will not be utilised as efficiently as expected.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono fundusze UE jako jedno ze źródeł, które może być wykorzystane do budowania potencjału konkurencyjności polskich regionów. Na podstawie badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego wśród gmin województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego zaprezentowano preferencje tych jednostek dotyczące wyboru programu operacyjnego, w ramach którego gminy zamierzają ubiegać się o dofinansowanie przedsięwzięć inwestycyjnych w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020 oraz efekty, jakie spodziewają się uzyskać po ich realizacji. Przedstawiono także opinie gmin o znaczeniu środków finansowych UE dla realizacji celów zapisanych w ich strategiach rozwoju.

6

Regionalne uwarunkowania i efekty podziału funduszy z Unii Europejskiej

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Heller J., Szczepaniak A. J.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

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2008

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issue 2(32)

112-123

PL

Celem opracowania była syntetyczna ocena podziału środków z UE na 16 województw. Stwierdzono, że regionalny podział funduszy z Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000–2005 jest efektem przyjętej metody, która premiuje województwa o większej liczbie mieszkańców. W liczbach bezwzględnych największymi beneficjentami okazały się: Mazowsze, Śląsk i Małopolska, a więc regiony o wysokim stopniu urbanizacji, wyposażone w szerokie otoczenie biznesu i posiadające stosunkowo bogate zaplecze naukowe. Równocześnie pozyskują one najwięcej bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. Mamy więc do czynienia z podwójnym uprzywilejowaniem tych województw w stosunku do pozostałych regionów. W liczbach względnych, które opisano indeksem pozyskanych środków w stosunku do udziału w tworzonym PKB, dominują natomiast: Warmia i Mazury, Podlasie oraz Pomorze Zachodnie. Nie oznacza to jednak, że w ten sposób następuje niwelowanie istniejącego dystansu między wymienionymi regionami a województwami o najwyższym poziomie rozwoju. Badania nie potwierdziły też zależności pomiędzy PKB per capita a kwotami pomocy przypadającymi na jednego mieszkańca. Brak jakiejkolwiek zależności (dodatniej lub ujemnej) jest logicznym efektem przyjętego założenia, iż regionalny podział środków z Unii Europejskiej jest uwarunkowany głównie liczbą mieszkańców; wskazuje też na to, że przyjęte kryteria nie różnicują województw pod kątem oczekiwanych efektów ekonomicznych. Przyjmują natomiast egalitarne podejście, czyli przydział na każdego mieszkańca kraju statystycznie „po równo”.

EN

The aim of this study was a synthetic evaluation of EU funds’ distribution between 16 voivodships. It was found out that the regional EU funds’ distribution in the years 2000–2005 is an effect of a method, according to which the voivodships that more populated are privileged. In absolute numbers the biggest recipients were: Masovia, Silesia and Malopolska – regions with a high level of urbanization, equipped with a broad business environment and with a relatively rich scientific background. At the same time, these voivodships win the most direct foreign investments. Thus we deal with a double privilege of these voivodships in relation to other regions. In relative numbers, described by an index of received funds in relation to the share of produced GPD, the dominating regions are: Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie and Western Pomerania. But it does not mean that in this way the distance between these voivodships and the most developed regions is reduced. The research did not prove that there is a connection between GDP per capita and the amount of aid per one inhabitant. The lack of any connection (positive or negative), which is a logic effect of the assumption that the regional distribution of EU funds is conditioned mainly by the number of inhabitants, indicates that the criteria do not differentiate voivodships according to the anticipated economic effects. They take an egalitarian approach – every inhabitant should receive statistically equally.

7

Wybrane problemy społeczno-ekonomiczne rozwoju obszarów wiejskich

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Kociszewska I.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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issue 2(24)

123-137

EN

The paper contains the approach of description of premises related to labour resources use improvement. It is based on characteristics of changes in the number of people living in the countryside on the background of the tendencies of employment in agriculture, as well as of rural areas unemployment specificity. The author tended to verify the thesis that multifunctional development of rural areas is one of directions towards unemployment diminishing. On the other hand, it was concluded that important barriers for such a solution are both infrastructure underdevelopment and low level of professional skills of rural society. It was pointed out that a great chance for positive socioeconomic changes of the countryside is rational use of financial sources available after Poland’s EU accession.

8

Ethical Standards in the Process of Counteracting Financial Abuse with Regard to EU Budget Funds. The Case of Poland

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Walenia A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

73-86

EN

In accordance with the binding regulations of the EU law, each institution participating in the EU funds management process has in place relevant procedures preventing fraud and corruption and discouraging people from taking such actions. Managing institutions that work in cooperation with organisations which participate in the implementation of EU funds ensures the operation of an effective fraud risk management system and the implementation of effective anti‑fraud means which are designed to protect the financial interests of the European Union. The ethical norms and principles implemented in institutions which coordinate the process of EU funds management are of great importance for the process of reducing fraud related to EU funds. It was confirmed with the results of research carried out that clearly defined standards of employee conduct and determining procedures in the management and control system were the most important factors mitigating the irregularities. A special place was reserved for complying with the norms of ethical conduct and honesty by the employees of institutions managing the EU funds and development of a Code of Ethics which describes the conduct of the employees of institutions participating in the EU funds management process. The anti‑fraud procedures presented herein stem from EU law and are applicable in Poland.

9

Możliwości wsparcia turystyki wiejskiej w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2014-2020

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Ferens E.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

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2015

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issue 162

47-61

EN

Over the years agricultural policy of EU as well as the approach to the role of tourism in rural development has been modified in order to meet changing economic and political context. In the article the definition of rural tourism and its changing place in rural policy has been introduced. Further the possibilities of financing rural tourism from EU sources in the new perspective 2014-2020 in particular with regard to Rural Development Plan (PROW) have been introduced and discussed.

10

The Use Of EU Structural Funds By Enterprises In The Lodz Region

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Dorożyński T., Świerkocki J., Urbaniak W.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 4

79-99

EN

The issue of how to stimulate economic growth and development remains an open question. The EU structural funds are meant to help solve the problem at the regional level within the framework of the cohesion policy. Only some of these funds are used to directly subsidize businesses that are the engines of growth in a market economy. This paper aims to evaluate whether structural funds have played a positive and significant role in the development of enterprises in a region which does not belong to the economic leaders in Poland. It is based on the results of a direct study, statistical data and evaluation reports, as well as on the economic literature. The direct study was conducted in 2011. It focused on micro-economic projects supported by EU funds in the Lodz region. Interviews were conducted with representatives of 80 enterprises, which had completed at least one such a project. We conclude that the subsidies from structural funds have positively stimulated the modernization of the companies, albeit on a limited scale.

11

The new system of financing science Horizon 2020 as a development opportunity for European and Polish science

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Geryk M.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2016

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issue 1(5)

108-117

EN

The author examines how the strategic objectives of Horizon 2020 are an opportunity for Polish science. The program allocates significant resources to specific tasks such as the implementation of innovation and social challenges. Despite relatively low public expenditure on education, Poland is placed in the European Union average. However, in the case of competitions Horizon 2020 bonus criteria are different from the current Polish finance division algorithm. Emphasis was placed on the relationship between science and the labor market, which in Poland is not significant. These funds will mean a true test of the potential of Polish scientific institutions. In this article the author has analyzed the various opinions of scientific environment in terms of opportunities and threats.

12

Analiza wniosku dotyczącego decyzji wykonawczej Rady w sprawie środków ochrony budżetu Unii przed naruszeniami zasad państwa prawnego na Węgrzech (COM(2022) 485 final)

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Sobieraj K., Jaśkowski M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2022

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issue 4(76)

105-121

EN

The authors analyse the European Commission’s proposal to activate the so-called ‘money for the rule of law’ mechanism against Hungary. It recommends to the Council of the EU to withhold 65% of EU funds to Hungary for the implementation of three operational programmes under the cohesion policy. As a direct consequence of the proposal, there could be a debate in the EU Council on the merits of imposing EU budget protection measures on Hungary. The proposed EU budget protection measures are considered to contain phrases that are evaluative in nature. They therefore require strict interpretation. The Government of the Republic of Poland expressed a negative position regarding the adoption of the Commission’s proposed implementing decision.

13

Fundusze Unii Europejskiej jako stymulator prośrodowiskowego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich – na przykładzie gmin wiejskich województwa wielkopolskiego

100%

Pondel H.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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issue 2(24)

191-201

EN

The paper presents the opinion of rural communes of the Wielkopolskie voivodeship, about their participation in the EU funds for proenvironmental action development, scale and barriers of this phenomenon. Lack of financial resources has been recognised by the target communities as a major barrier to implementation of environmental protection activities, EU funds, in turn, an important source of support for this type of investment – up to 83% of the population has tried to obtain funds from the European Union for the environmental objectives. Funds from the European Union first of all served respondents to improve the area infrastructure of water and wastewater management.

14

Small Towns as Beneficiaries of EU Funds (the Example of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship)

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Wojarska M., Kisiel R., Walendzik E.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2018

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issue 2(52)

19-28

EN

The objective of this study was to achieve a multidimensional description of the consumption of EU funds by small towns in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship, and to identify the role of this source of funding in the development policy of these localities. The aim was pursued based on secondary data originating from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and from the database of the Ministry of Investment and Economic Development (the EU Grants Map), as well as primary data collected during a survey study conducted among representatives of small towns and urban-rural municipalities which contain a small town in their limits (in total 38 units). The percentage of returned and correctly completed questionnaires was 44,74%. The empirical material gathered during the study proves that the budgets of municipalities in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship in 2006–2016 received PLN 3 244,24 million in the form of grants from the EU and other foreign support programmes, and the share of this sum absorbed by small towns and urban-rural municipalities was 25,91% (PLN 840,44 million), most of which was allocated to urban-rural municipalities (86,61%). Results of the U Mann-Whitney test showed that the distribution of the funds acquired by small towns and urban-rural municipalities with small towns in their limits, calculated per capita, in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship differed significantly from the sums of money invested by other administrative units of this type in Poland. The research also indicates that the EU funds played an important role in the development policy of small towns, and an opportunity to apply for EU grants had a strong influence on their investment plans.

PL

Celem artykułu była wielowymiarowa charakterystyka wykorzystania przez małe miasta woj. warmińsko-mazurskiego funduszy pochodzących z budżetu UE oraz określenie znaczenia tego źródła finansowania w polityce rozwoju tych jednostek. Realizacja przyjętego celu oparta została na danych wtórnych pochodzących z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS oraz bazy Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju (Mapa Dotacji ), a także pierwotnych zgromadzonych w trakcie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród przedstawicieli małych miast oraz gmin miejsko-wiejskich, na obszarze których znajdowało się małe miasto (łącznie 38 jednostek). Współczynnik zwrotu prawidłowo wypełnionych kwestionariuszy osiągnął poziom 44,74%. Ze zgromadzonego materiału empirycznego wynika, że w latach 2006-2016 do budżetów gmin woj. warmińsko-mazurskiego z tytułu przyznania wsparcia z UE i innych programów zagranicznych wpłynęła kwota 3 244,24 mln zł, a część przypadająca na małe miasta i gminy miejsko-wiejskie skupiające małe miasto wyniosła 25,91% (840,44 mln) i w większości trafiła do gmin miejsko-wiejskich (86,61%). Wyniki testów U Manna-Whitneya i Kruskala-Wallisa wykazały, że rozkład kwot pozyskanych przez małe miasta i gminy miejsko-wiejskie z małym miastem z woj. warmińsko-mazurskiego w przeliczeniu na mieszkańca różnił się istotnie od kwot zainwestowanych przez pozostałe jednostki tego typu w Polsce. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika także, że fundusze UE odgrywały istotną rolę w polityce rozwoju małych miast, a możliwość aplikowania o te środki miała duży wpływ na kształt ich planów inwestycyjnych.

15

Nowe fundusze przewidziane dla Polski w ramach polityki spójności Unii Europejskiej i spodziewane efekty ich wykorzystania

100%

Wieczorek P.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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2014

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issue 4

56-74

XX

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie: • wieloletnich ram finansowych i roli tego rodzaju dokumentów w programowaniu finansowym UE, • ostatecznych ustaleń w odniesieniu do WRF 2014-2020 ze wskazaniem funduszy zaplanowanych dla Polski w ramach polityki spójności, • najważniejszych zmian w polityce spójności po 2013 r. zmierzających do zwiększenia jej efektywności, • wpływu otrzymywanego przez Polskę wsparcia z tytułu polityki spójności na dynamikę i poziom PKB, • korzyści, jakie w związku z udziałem Polski w polityce spójności odnoszą kraje UE-15. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The article describes the final shape of the "Multilateral Financial Framework of the European Union 2014-2020," with particular emphasis on funding for Poland from the participation in the EU's cohesion policy, as well as the expected impact of the money on the growth of the Polish economy and regional development. The author presents the role of EU funds in closing the gap in development, in relation to the high developed countries of the European Union (the old "15"). (original abstract)

16

Significance of the EU Funds in Investments of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

100%

Spoz A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 4

61-74

EN

Nowadays competitiveness of enterprises is determined by the size and range of implemented investment projects. The investments need to involve necessary resources. In the case of the SME sector, enterprises have limited financial assets. Therefore, Poland’s accession to the European Union and the opportunity to use its funding is a chance for development of this sector. The aim of the paper is to discuss the significance of EU funds in investments of SMEs and to present the most important advantages and barriers to their spending. The research methods used in this paper are: study of literature and analysis of secondary data. The research material comprises programming documents and the results of research carried out at the request of the European Leasing Fund, the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development and the Polish Confederation Lewiatan. Conclusions: EU funding is an attractive source of financing investments for enterprises. It is one of the most affordable forms of obtaining capital. Acquisition of additional financial means can determine the start of an investment, extend its scope, increase its rate and improve its quality. However, in practice the share of EU funds in financing SMEs investments is still small and entrepreneurs face many barriers to using this form of support. Major obstacles include: excessive bureaucracy, strict procedures, over-scrupulous office workers, lengthy verification of payment applications, as well as delays in payments to beneficiaries.

17

Glosa do Wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 15 października 2021 r., sygn. akt I CSKP 226/21

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Łacny J.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2023

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issue 1(174)

145-166

EN

The Supreme Court ruled on 15 October 2021, ref. no. I CSKP 226/21, that the provisions of the Civil Code set out in Article 509 and subsequent articles are not applicable to assignment agreements (cession agreement) concerning EU funds. According to Article 509 of the Civil Code, a creditor may, without the debtor’s consent, assign a claim to a third party, unless this would be contrary to the law, a contractual condition, or the nature of the obligation. In commented judgement, the Supreme Court stated that an assignment agreement concluded between a beneficiary of EU funds (assignor, debt seller) and a third party (assignee, debt buyer) has legal effects with respect to the debtor, which is a public administration body granting subsidies from EU funds, only if it has been approved by this body. In the absence of approval, the public administration body is not obliged to perform such an agreement and the claim for a subsidy from EU funds, which debt seller transferred to debt buyer by means of an assignment agreement, may pay to the benefit of the debt seller. This unprecedented thesis, excluding the application of the Civil Code to assignment agreements relating to EU funds, leads to the question of its scope of application. Does the requirement set forth by the Supreme Court to approve assignment agreements by the public administration body apply only to the case at hand, or does it have universal character and should be applied to all assignment agreements concerning EU fund? A question arises as to the legal remedies available to the parties to such agreements to protect their rights under unapproved assignment agreements, who, on the date of their conclusion, could not have known about the requirement for their approval and thus fulfil the formalities required for this purpose. That issue will be addressed in this article.

18

Integracja europejska ukraińskich instytucji badawczych: perspektywy wykorzystania funduszy UE

100%

Zakharchuk Y., Koterlyn G., Khomyn M.

Przedsiębiorstwo i Region

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2012

|

issue 4

98-102

EN

The goal of this article is to present perspective of using European funds in Ukrainian research institutions. Effective cooperation of Ukraine with the European Union in the direction of research will foster the intensification of political and economic relations, the use of new mechanisms to stimulate research and development of public awareness of the importance of science for the development of society. Coordination of joint research interest is added by the integration of Ukraine (by creating a single space science and technology) with the European Union. Of particular importance is the fact that the mutual benefits of the research programs.

19

Significance of the EU funds in regional development on the example of NUTS-3 units in Poland

100%

Spychała J., Spychała M.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

|

2021

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

20-35

EN

Within the EU cohesion policy, better and worse developed regions are subcategorised, taking account of the GDP value per capita. Based on that, areas qualifying for obtaining support from aid programs from the EU budget are established. The purpose of the article is an attempt at specifying the co-dependencies between the EU fund absorption and the changes in the level of the socio-economic development in the regional dimension. The research was conducted at the level of 73 NUTS-3 units in Poland in three stages. At the first one, the level of the development of the subregions in Poland is exhibited, subcategorising the factors of that development: human capital, material capital, natural environment as well as entrepreneurship and innovativeness. At the second stage, variation in the EU fund absorption in the researched units is presented. At the third stage, interdependencies between the extent of the absorption and the changes in the level of development within the arrangement of the factors of that development are taken up.

20

Korekty finansowe nakładane na państwa członkowskie UE – nowe ramy prawne na lata 2014–2020

100%

Łacny J.

|

2015

|

vol. 60

|

issue 1 (360)

64-97

EN

The mechanisms provided for spending of the EU funds make it clear that interests realised within the European Union vary and are sometimes opposing. Still, the Member States want to provide the most appropriate and compliant with the law spending of the European funds. They are willing to provide, through regulations, rigorous requirements for spending of these funds, and to make the European Commission control their compliance with these regulations. If these regulations are breached, the European Commission is authorised to take supervisory actions, which include imposing financial corrections that ensure that money is returned to the common budget. In her article, the author presents and comments on the new regulations of the European Union adopted for the 2014-2020 programming period that set forth the rules for imposing financial corrections by the Commission on the EU Member States.

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