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1

Frühe Bronzezeit und Stufe Br A3. Brauchen wir diese Stufe?

100%

Rožnovský D.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

116-123

EN

With respect to the diverse development throughout the Early Bronze Age, a few periodization systems have been proposed and used. These systems use the primary classification by P. Reinecke and they are per manently innovated. Therefore, a large number of periodization tables have been created, which have the same goal but a different result. We can see this situation in the example of the Br A3 period. Is it necessary to separate a new period, or would it be better to improve the contents of the existing periods? How should we approach the Br A3 period in Moravia and how are we to define it? In my opinion, we ought to keep using the Br A2 period for the end of the Early Bronze Age. The overlapping phases of the cultures may be matched to the turn of Br A2/Br B11 or to the beginning of Br B1.

2

Early Bronze Age flint materials from Lesser Poland — their research problems and suggestions for their interpretation

100%

Wolski D.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2013

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vol. 65

145–193

EN

The present paper summarizes the state of research of the flint technology belonging to the Early Bronze Age in the Lesser Poland loessic areas. With the analyses of representative materials from the most important settlements, cemeteries and mines, an attempt has been made to verify the current identification criteria for the flint artefacts of the concerned period. The observations allow for the construction of a theoretical model which connects to the manufacturing of bifacial daggers and sickles as well as with the spezialization of their production. The fact that these tools were made continuously for several centuries, may be attributed to some special social mechanisms in which technology teachers played an important role. This model was based on selected conceptions of social psychology.

3

Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

100%

Wilk S.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2014

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vol. 66

241–278

EN

The subject of the analysis in this article are three skeletal graves of the Mierzanowice culture, excavated in the seasons of 2008 and 2010 at site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie province. From the graves discussed above we have one radiocarbon date, obtained from grave 1 MC, which is 3715±35BP. The burial inventory is relatively rich, consisting of flint arrowheads, a bone pin, boar tusk pendants, bone and shell beads, as well as copper artefacts, is characteristic of the classical and late phases. Remains of the settlement and cemetery of the Mierzanowice culture mark the youngest chronological horizon on site 2 in Książnice. With certainty, we can relate all of the three skeletal graves, as well as the ditch running along the NW-SE-S axis across the central part of the elevation on which the site is located and the sacrificial pit.

4

Materiały neolityczne i z epoki brązu z Bieszczadów Wysokich. Odkrycia z 2016 roku

100%

Pelisiak A.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

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2017

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vol. 38

237-248

XX

The surface surveys carried out in 2016 in the High Bieszczady Mts. were focused of the massifs of Połonina Caryńska, Połonina Wetlińska, Wielka and Mała Rawka, Wielki and Mały Dział and on the region Wetlina-Moczarne. Field works resulted in discovery of 29 new archaeological sites. Except one of them all the sites come from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. They are located in various landscapes, first of all on the high altitude Sub-Alpine zones (1000–1300 m a.s.l.). The discovered sites confirms mountain transhumance practiced in the High Bieszczady Mts. during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

5

The Beginning of the Bronze Age in South Bohemia

100%

Chvojka O., Hlásek D.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

54-72

EN

The paper discusses the development of settlements in the Early Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in South Bohemia. Based on the typo chronological analysis of the finds and radiocar bon dating, we have identified four phases of development within this period.The innovation signalling the transition into the Bronze Age was taken on from the Danubian region, which is shown by the spatial development of the settlement. Nevertheless, the overall cultural nature of the artefacts is mixed, which is related to the strategic location of the region, undoubtedly with an important trade route leading through the region, connecting the metallurgical centres in the eastern Alps with the dynamically developing northern parts of the European continent.

6

Osadnictwo kultury mierzanowickiej na stanowisku 2 w Zagórzu, pow. wielicki, woj. małopolskie

100%

Jarosz P.

Raport

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2017

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vol. 12

25-32

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the Mierzanowice Culture settlement at the multicultural site 2 in Zagórze. A sepulchral feature with grave goods was discovered there (no. 3122), as well as 20 pottery fragments found in secondary context (in features, cultural layers and natural layers). The sepulchral feature did not contain a skeleton, and the grave goods included a fragment of a copper object and two flint arrowheads found in the central part of the pit. Although the grave cannot be dated precisely on the basis of the grave goods, loose pottery fragments discovered at the site are chronologically attributable to the classical and the late phase of the Mierzanowice culture.

7

The fortified settlement from the Early and Middle Bronze Age at Maszkowice, Nowy Sącz district (Western Carpathians). Preliminary results of studies conducted in the years 2009–2012

88%

Przybyła M. S., Skoneczna M.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2011

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vol. 3

5-66

EN

Defensive settlement at Maszkowice is one of the best preserved long-lasting prehistorical sites in the Western Carpathians. What appears to be particularly interesting is the first settlement phase of the hillfort, which may be dated to the end of the Early Bronze Age and to the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1650 – 1200 BC). The results of studies on materials collected during the field research of Maria Cabalska (seasons 1959 – 1975), as well as new excavation campaigns (2010 – 2012), allow us to formulate some conclusions concerning: settlement stratigraphy, spatial distribution of Early and Middle Bronze Age materials, chronology of the subsequent building phases and cultural connections of the populations living in the upper Dunajec Valley during the earlier periods of the Bronze Age. In the context of the last mentioned question what is particularly worth attention are the relics of fortifications in a form of a dry stone wall, discovered in 2011 – 2012 and connected with the oldest building phase of the hillfort (ca. 1650 – 1500 BC).

8

Reineckes Erbe. Die absolute Chronologie der Frühbronzezeit Mährens – ein Diskussionsansatz

88%

Peška J.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

97-115

EN

This paper on the absolute chronology of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe is based on the available dates that have to be critically examined, with all the risks and limitations arising from their acquisition and evaluation. The different beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin (except for Slovakia) and in the Balkans does not find support either at the social, economic or super structural level, or in the new finds of tin bronze artefacts. The attempts to create a fine absolute chronology based on graves with various types of pins are tentative and point to the limitations of present day dating methods.

9

Testing Reinecke’s chronology of the Early Bronze Age with radiocarbon dating – New evidence from Southern Bavaria

88%

Massy K., Stockhammer P. W.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

22-35

EN

In this article we present a critical view of the current chronological framework for Early Bronze Age burials from Southern Bavaria, by using radiocarbon dating to re examine Paul Reinecke’s relative chronological classification system. We also examine chronological divisions established by other scholars based on his system. The results of our study show a complex pattern of local groups appropriating new types or styles of objects from others, which then influences the timeline for the appearance of such type objects. Our findings show that every region had its own socio cultural history with a slightly different chronology.

10

The animal economy of people living in the settlement of Tell Rad Shaqrah (Syria)

88%

Piątkowska-Małecka J., Koliński R.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

675-692

EN

Animal management in the Early Dynastic and Akkadian periods at the site of Tell Rad Shaqrah in the Khabur River valley in Syria was reconstructed on the grounds of an analysis of osteological remains discovered at the site during excavations in 1991–1995. Of the total number of 4025 bone fragments, 59.2% were identified. In both chronological periods the most important role belonged to domestic animals, dominated by sheep and goat and followed by cattle. Remains of wild animals, mostly gazelle and equids, were also discovered; these were all post-consumption remains. Two young Barbary macaques (magots) were also identified; their bones were found in the storeroom and were identified as not post-consumption.

11

Ungewöhnlicher Befund aus Zvolen–Čierne zeme (Slowakei)

88%

Beljak J., Pažinová N., Krąpiec M.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2010

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vol. 2

239-255

EN

Paper presented the results of excavations conducted on the site Čierne zeme at Zvolen (Slovakia). Within the trench a segment of Hron river paleochannel was uncovered. It was partially filled with cultural sediments, which were naturally accumulated as a result of undercutting the banks of Hron during the periods of water surge. The trunks discovered within the sediments were radiocarbon dated to the time span between 2470 and 2280 BC. Besides them cultural layer yielded also some stone artifacts and collection of pottery fragments. The second one represent mainly the cultural traditions (e.g. Makó-Kosihy-Čaka culture) from the turn of Eneolithic and Bronze Age periods, what corresponds well with the radiocarbon dating of wood. Described site is another settlement point dated to this period in the Zvolen Basin. Younger group of pottery originates from Modern Era (16th-17th century AD) and may be connected with existence of communication route running along Hron river.

12

The Early to Middle Bronze Age transition as exemplified by Moravia

88%

Šabatová K., Parma D.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

124-139

EN

The current study of late prehistoric chronology is aimed at defining more robust horizons and, often, at documenting the continuity of phenomena. Systematic records and rescue excavations make it possible to better quantify archaeological sources and identify periods in which archaeological records are missing. The article addresses the issue of the end of Únětice cemeteries in Moravia connected with the movement of burials to the surface level beneath barrows as well as long term traits regarded as chronologically sensitive. The basic trends are supported with the absolute dates of graves.

13

Wyniki badań archeologicznych w miejscowości Raczyn, stanowiska 4 i 7, gm. Czarnożyły, woj. łódzkie

88%

Ziętek J.

Raport

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2013

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vol. 8

403-418

EN

The site Raczyn 4 is located on the left bank of the River Pyszna, on the ridge of the periodically flooded terrace of the urstromtal of the river. The excavations embraced a total of 104 ares and revealed 651 settlement features. They led to the recognition of a site of the Lusatian culture of a settlement character, as well as traces related to other cultural groups from the Mesolithic and the Early Bronze. Settlement flourished at site 4 in Raczyn at the beginning of the 3rd period of the Bronze Age. The settlement established at the time operated until the Hallstatt period D. The excavations revealed residential features, furnaces, fireplaces, and an array of household pits and post holes left by the people of the Lusatian culture. Trench excavations helped recognised also a fragment of the settlement of the Lusatian culture at the site Raczyn 7. The investigations embraced an area of 15 ares and revealed 34 features of the Lusatian culture from the 3rd-4th period of the Bronze Age.

14

Wyniki badań archeologicznych przeprowadzonych w latach 2007-2008 w Karninie, stanowisko 250, gm. Deszczno, woj. lubuskie

88%

Pogorzelski W.

Raport

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2013

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vol. 8

213-222

EN

The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations carried out in 2007-2008 in relation to the construction of the S-3 motorway. The investigated area of 23.75 ares provided the possibility to explore relics of 110 features from three settlement phases. Scarce traces of settlements are connected with the Early Bronze Age. The majority of features and artefacts were connected with the relics of a settlement of the Przeworsk culture from the Roman influence period, while the early modern period is represented by a small number of relics and features.

15

Zabytki wykonane technikami krzemieniarskimi ze wschodniej części polskich Karpat. Badania z lat 2016–2017

88%

Raczak A.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

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2018

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vol. 39

111-116

EN

The following article presents the results of field survey from 2016-2017. Research work was carried out in the region of Duszatyn, Połonina Wetlińska and Przełęcz Bukowska. Considering palynological analyzes and flint material recorded in this area, they indicate human activity in the Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age. Moreover, the location of artefacts in the high parts of the mountains evidences the seasonal grazing of animals.

16

Die Anwendung der Reinecke‑Chronologie auf die ältere Bronzezeit in der Slowakei und ihre Modifikationen

88%

Novotná M.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

140-149

EN

This paper evaluates the application of P. Reinecke’s classification of the development in the area of modern day Slovakia and its modifications in the Early Bronze Age. J. Eisner mainly fused Reinecke’s second and third stages (Br B and Br C) creating his Middle Bronze Age. The excavations after World War II and the discovery of new cultural entities in both the western and eastern parts of the country called, however, for changes to Eisner’s original concept. New cultural entities, the Nitra and the Košťany cultures, were later merged with the so called Epi Corded Ware complex as part of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe. Its beginnings precede the original Br A1 stage, being part of what is now called Br A0. Another change in the classification is also represented by the creation of the problematic stage Br A3 in Slovakia and its subsequent gradual abandonment.

17

Dystrybucja i rola sztyletów krzemiennych wśród społeczności grupy kościańskiej kultury unietyckiej – analiza typologiczno-chronologiczna materiałów z Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej oraz studium przypadku znaleziska z Bronikowa (gm. Śmigiel)

87%

Teska S., Pyżewicz K., Majorek P.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2018

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vol. 23

169-188

EN

The article focuses on the matter of significance of flint daggers on the area settled by Early Bronze Age societies connected with Únětice Culture Kościan Group. Analytical part is separated into two sections. The first is a case study of a stray find from Bronikowo (com. Śmigiel) and the second involve typological analysis of flint daggers from western part of Polish Lowlands. Results gathered give an overview of an issue propounded in a title.

18

About the chronology of the beginning of the metal ages

75%

Kadrow S.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2016

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vol. 11

65-78

19

Journey to murder: Atypical graves of the immigrants in the Early Bronze Age Europe

75%

Pokutta D. A.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2014

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vol. 66

91-100

EN

Migrations had important effects on Bronze Age economy, adaptation of new inventions and technological cohesion, however their impact upon society remains under-studied. The knowledge of how individual longdistance journeys affected forms of societal interaction is limited and fragmented, especially when it comes to murder. In archaeology the analyses of criminality encounter massive obstacles due to unknowable character of crimes, victims and social contexts of these. In this paper we present new data and results of isotopic analyses (14C, 87Sr/86Sr, 15N and 13C) of the four individuals discovered in the mass grave in Milejowice, SW Poland, and associated with the Únětice Culture (2200–1700 B.C).Our data indicate the presence of immigrants from other parts of Europe in prehistoric Silesia and sheds a new light upon likely nature of crimes in the Early Bronze Age Úněticean society. The availability of high-resolution data on various levels, from intra-individual to interpopulation, makes stable isotope analysis a powerful tool for studying mobility and food practices.

20

Uwagi o znaleziskach przedmiotów wykonanych z krzemienia pasiastego ze wschodniej części polskich Karpat i na ich przedpolu. Próba analizy chronologiczno-kulturowej i interpretacji

75%

Pelisiak A.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

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2019

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issue 40

73-86

EN

This paper discusses artefacts dated to the neolithic and early Bronze Age found on the area of the eastern polish Carpathians and their forelands. Most of them came from accidental discoveries but some of them were found as a result of systematic surveys and excavations. Rectangular axes build strongest group of artefacts. Artefacts made of banded flint came from 116 sites grouped into 6 blocks: A – belongs to the Funnel Beaker culture (material from 6 sites); B – with characteristics of the globular Amphora culture/Funnel Beaker culture or the globular Amphora culture/Corded Ware culture (56 sites); C – materials of the Corded Ware culture (11 sites); D – materials dated to the neolithic without cultural affiliation (28 sites); e – materials dated to the early Bronze Age, most probably the Mierzanowice culture (5 sites) and F – materials dated to the neolithic and early Bronze Age without cultural affiliation (9 sites). There is no doubt about cultural affiliation of artefacts from the categories A, C and D. With regard to polished, rectangular axes bearing features typical for the globular Amphora, Funnel Beaker and Corded Ware culture (category B), the situation is different. There is no graves and settlement sites on the eastern polish Carpathians, and graves and settlements are extremely rare on the forelands. This suggest that these areas were not settled by the globular Amphora people. For these reasons cultural affiliation of these axes can be discussed on the several levels. The first one refers to the identification of axes makers. Features of the shape, preparation and polishing and raw material used suggest that these axes, or at least most of them could have been made by the globular Amphora culture people. The second level of interpretation refers to the “last user” of these axes. In this respect, several possibilities can be suggested. First of all, there were people of the Funnel Beaker culture and/or Corded Ware culture. numerous sites of the Funnel Beaker and Corded Ware cultures located on the eastern polish Carpathians forelands, on the eastern Carpathian Foothills, and within the jasło–Sanok Depression may indirectly suggests such the cultural affiliation of these axes. Secondly, it cannot be completely excluded that the “last users” of such axes may have been also the people of the globular Amphora culture (items lost during penetration of these areas or movement of people, or some these axes came from destroyed graves of the globular Amphora culture).

Refine search results

Frühe Bronzezeit und Stufe Br A3. Brauchen wir diese Stufe?

Early Bronze Age flint materials from Lesser Poland — their research problems and suggestions for their interpretation

Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

Materiały neolityczne i z epoki brązu z Bieszczadów Wysokich. Odkrycia z 2016 roku

The Beginning of the Bronze Age in South Bohemia

Osadnictwo kultury mierzanowickiej na stanowisku 2 w Zagórzu, pow. wielicki, woj. małopolskie

The fortified settlement from the Early and Middle Bronze Age at Maszkowice, Nowy Sącz district (Western Carpathians). Preliminary results of studies conducted in the years 2009–2012

Reineckes Erbe. Die absolute Chronologie der Frühbronzezeit Mährens – ein Diskussionsansatz

Testing Reinecke’s chronology of the Early Bronze Age with radiocarbon dating – New evidence from Southern Bavaria

The animal economy of people living in the settlement of Tell Rad Shaqrah (Syria)

Ungewöhnlicher Befund aus Zvolen–Čierne zeme (Slowakei)

The Early to Middle Bronze Age transition as exemplified by Moravia

Wyniki badań archeologicznych w miejscowości Raczyn, stanowiska 4 i 7, gm. Czarnożyły, woj. łódzkie

Wyniki badań archeologicznych przeprowadzonych w latach 2007-2008 w Karninie, stanowisko 250, gm. Deszczno, woj. lubuskie

Zabytki wykonane technikami krzemieniarskimi ze wschodniej części polskich Karpat. Badania z lat 2016–2017

Die Anwendung der Reinecke‑Chronologie auf die ältere Bronzezeit in der Slowakei und ihre Modifikationen

Dystrybucja i rola sztyletów krzemiennych wśród społeczności grupy kościańskiej kultury unietyckiej – analiza typologiczno-chronologiczna materiałów z Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej oraz studium przypadku znaleziska z Bronikowa (gm. Śmigiel)

About the chronology of the beginning of the metal ages

Journey to murder: Atypical graves of the immigrants in the Early Bronze Age Europe

Uwagi o znaleziskach przedmiotów wykonanych z krzemienia pasiastego ze wschodniej części polskich Karpat i na ich przedpolu. Próba analizy chronologiczno-kulturowej i interpretacji