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1

Misje pokojowe ONZ w Timorze Wschodnim

100%

Szafraniec P.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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vol. 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności

455-501

EN

The scope and intensity of international interventionism in the case of East Timor were unusual in every respect. The successive UN peacekeeping operations established in this country wielded unprecedentedly wide powers. The International Force for East Timor (Interfet) was authorized to „use any means necessary to restore peace and security in East Timor". The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) became in fact a regular government wielding absolute administrative and judiciary power over the country and enjoying the right to conclude legally binding international treaties with other states and international organiza¬tions (including the UN itself). This rather spectacular instance of international interventio-nism ended, however, in an outright failure. No lasting internal peace was instituted, the process of national reconciliation brought negligible results and the tribal animosities which were aroused in the newly created Timorese army brought the country to the verge of anarchy. It was only when Australia, being itself a major regional power and a key sponsor of the East Timor independence cause, decided to act independently of the UN institutions that the country's definite collapse could be successfully prevented. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of the international inte-rventionism in East Timor seem to stem from the East Timorese distinct political culture, whose tenets include preserving strict so¬cial hierarchy, uncompromising elitism and the paramount impor¬tance of kinship relationships. This kind of socio-cultural value set by no means could be reconciled with the Western standards of competitive liberal democracy and consensual decision-making that were to be promoted by the peacekeeping operations in East Timor.

2

East Timor: A Historical Singularity

100%

Thomaz L. F. F. R.

Human and Social Studies

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 3

13-43

EN

During the 24 years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, to talk about its cultural individuality as a product of its history - focusing on what set it apart from Indonesia - was an act likely to raise suspicions of some kind of manipulation of history for political purposes. Naturally, the same suspicions could fall on anyone assuming an opposite view, that is a view that valued the connection uniting the two peoples and discarded what separated them. In this paper, we adhere more to the first perspective. Obviously, we are not driven by the desire to prove that East Timor had to be, a priori, independent; this is by no means the task of a historian. We are simply trying to explain, a posteriori, why, in the referendum of 30 August 1999, the people of East Timor voted overwhelmingly for independence

3

Português como língua estrangeira: difusão do português em contexto timorense

88%

Alexandre Marcelo Bueno A., Pires de Brito R.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2014

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vol. 13

285-296

EN

This paper presents two experiences of Portuguese teaching in East Timor. Separated by time, each report shows different problems and distinct situations from the social, cultural and historical needs of the Portuguese in East Timor.

4

From occupation to independence: contemporary East Timorese history and identity in Portuguese picturebooks

63%

Margarida Ramos A.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

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2016

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vol. 12

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issue 3(34)

58-68

EN

In Portugal, the suffering and struggle of the East Timorese people for independence started a social movement of solidarity with strong repercussions in the arts, namely music and literature. Children’s Literature depicted the theme of this period of oppression in East Timor, as well as the recognition of its independence and its right to freedom, in a picturebook selected for the White Ravens List in 2003 called East Timor – Island of the Rising Sun (2001), by João Pedro Mésseder and André Letria. This unusual picturebook, characterised by a very simple and sparse, almost poetic, text combined with large-format pictures, depicts this chapter of the contemporary history of East Timor in very specific way, resembling fairy tales or legends. The text and images are combined in order to promote symbolic readings, suggesting a magical/mystical environment that impresses readers. More than a decade later, recent struggles and stories from East Timor are still present in Portuguese picturebooks such as Lya/Lia (2014), by Margarida Botelho. The social change, path to democracy and educational development, as well as daily life and children’s pastimes are now the centre of a narrative that establishes the similarities and differences between modern-day Portugal and East Timor. Our aim is to analyse both the political and ideological perspectives present in these picturebooks aimed at very young readers, offering a broad vision of different realities and contexts, even when they deal with war, death and suffering, as was the case of the East Timorese fight for independence.

5

Krzysztof Skubiszewski and the Right to Self-determination: Past and Future

63%

Hilpold P.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2019

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vol. 39

21-35

EN

In 1995, Professor Krzysztof Skubiszewski added a Dissenting Opinion to the East Timor Judgment, wherein the ICJ declined jurisdiction in a proceeding started by Portugal against Australia for its having concluded the East Timor Gap treaty with Indonesia, in blatant violation of the East Timorese’s right to self-determination. Ad-hoc Judge Skubiszewski posited that the Court should have accepted jurisdiction and he presented a series of convincing arguments for this proposition. In 2019 the ICJ rendered an Opinion in the Chagos Islands case. The fact that the ICJ accepted jurisdiction in this case demonstrates that an impressive development has taken place since 1995, one whereby many of Professor Skubiszewski’s requests have been implemented. At the same time however, the Chagos Opinion is not fully satisfying as it neglects, to a considerable extent, the human rights issue. This contribution shows that Skubiszewski’s Dissenting Opinion would have provided guidance also for these questions and that it remains as topical today as it was in 1995.

6

East Timor 1974–1975. End of Portuguese rule

63%

Kubiak K.

Studia Maritima

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2021

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vol. 34

185-202

EN

East Timor (Port. Timor-Leste) was the most peripheral part of the territories under the authority of Lisbon in relation to the metropolis. Due to a series of turbulent historical and political events, the Portuguese had been able to retain first their influence and then power over this area for more than four centuries. The article is a study of a special case in the history of colonialism, namely, the withdrawal of Portugal from East Timor. A historical outline of Lusitanian rule over the eastern part of the island as well as the phenomena and processes that had led to the actual abandonment of this dependent territory by the metropolis are presented. In the more detailed layer, the author highlights the nautical dimensions of the conflict resulting from the location of Timor and its distance from both the metropolis and regional administrative and political centres.

PL

Timor Wschodni (port. Timor-Leste) był najbardziej peryferyjną w stosunku do metropolii częścią terytoriów pozostających pod władzą Lizbony. Na skutek szczególnego splotu oko- liczności historycznych i politycznych turbulencji, Portugalczycy zdołali zachować najpierw wpływy a potem władzę nad tym obszarem przez ponad cztery stulecia. Artykuł stanowi studium szczególnego przypadku w historii kolonializmu, jakim było wycofanie się Portugalii z Timoru. Przedstawiono rys historyczny luzytańskiego władztwa nad wschodnią częścią wyspy oraz zjawiska i procesy, które doprowadziły do faktycznego porzucenia przez metropolię terytorium zależnego. W warstwie szczegółowej autor eksponuje nautyczny wy- miarach konfliktu wynikający z położenia Timoru i jego oddalenia zarówno od metropolii, jak i regionalnych centrów administracyjno-politycznych.

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1 Forum Politologiczne

1 Human and Social Studies

1 Polish Yearbook of International Law

1 Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

1 Studia Iberystyczne

1 Studia Maritima

1 Alexandre Marcelo Bueno A.

1 Hilpold P.

1 Kubiak K.

1 Margarida Ramos A.

1 Pires de Brito R.

1 Szafraniec P.

1 Thomaz L. F. F. R.

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