Search results - CEJSH

1

The Paramilitary Phenomenon in Central and Eastern Europe

100%

Liedekerke A. d.

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs

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2016

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issue 2

25-34

EN

One of the less publicised consequences of the geopolitical turmoil that has come to characterise recent years has been the surge in the popularity of paramilitary units across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Although the groups operating in this region share a number of features, including military training, uniforms, and in some cases access to weapons, they have varying degrees of state support and legitimacy, depending largely on the nature of the perceived threat and their ideological foundations. In the Baltics and, to a lesser degree, in Poland, these organisations have been a traditional feature of national defence, or been harnessed by the authorities to ensure they operate in accordance with the law and within the scope of the interests of state. In Central Europe, however, they tend to be xenophobic, anti-democratic vigilante groups with the potential to become destabilising factors in the long run.

2

GLASS IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL EASTERN EUROPE AS EVIDENCE OF INTERNATIONAL CONTACTS

80%

Stolyarova E.

Archeologia Polski

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2016

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vol. 61

191-212

EN

This paper deals with glass artifacts as markers of interregional economic, religious and cultural links, trade routes, and social stratification. It is focused on finds from Eastern Europe from the Bronze Age to the 17th–18th centuries A.D.

3

Diversity in the standard of living among populations in European post-comunist countries

80%

Michalski T.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 4

11-19

EN

The aim of this study was to present the general situation of populations of European post-communist countries 25 years after the collapse of communism in Europe. The study consists of two parts. The first one briefly discusses the processes that led to a significant diversification in the social, economic and political situations of the populations of the studied countries. In the second part the diversity of this situation is shown (using: the Legatum Prosperity Index, the Social Progress Index, and the Human Development Index). It was found that the best situations exist in the countries which quickly and effectively implemented reforms, and whether they were independent states, or parts of larger states, under communism is of secondary importance. It is symptomatic that these are countries situated in the north-western part of the area under consideration, which corresponds to the current situation in the EU-15, where the countries located in the south (the so-called PIGS) have poor economic and partly social situations than those in the north. Furthermore, it was found that the situation with the population of Russia is worse than in many countries which were previously under the occupation of the USSR or were dependent on the authorities in Moscow.

4

Wschodnie „laboratorium” kontroli konstytucyjności Constitutional Courts in Post-Soviet States Red. Jacek Zaleśny Peter Lang Edition, Frankfurt am Main–Wien 2019, s. 628

80%

Olechno A.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2021

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issue 1(162)

201-209

EN

The presented review article is devoted to the monograph Constitutional Courts in Post-Soviet States, edited by Jacek Zaleśny. The researcher points to the originality and topicality of the undertaken subject, correctly selected team of authors, detailed presentation of stages of formation of the model of constitutionality control in selected post-Soviet states, demonstrating their position as distinct from the classical model of Hans Kelsen. We are dealing with a new, eastern “laboratory” of constitutionality control. Its experiments should be followed by both the external legislator and the individual participants of the post-Soviet political scene.

5

Żydowska Warszawa ‒ żydowski Berlin w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Różne wersje religijności

80%

Molisak A.

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

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2015

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issue 6

125-139

EN

In my article I compare two versions of Jewish religiosity. The literary works, which feature believers of Judaism from Eastern Europa and Haskala supporters were written in Polish (Melcer), Yiddish (Schneersohn) and German (Döblin).

6

Europa Środkowa czy Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia? Europejskie kręgi cywilizacyjne

80%

Winnicki Z. J.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2017

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issue 11

11-20

EN

The area of the Central Europe that includes so called new countries of the European Union is incorrectly classified as Eastern Europe. In the categories of geopolitics and civilization paradigm the Eastern Europe includes Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. There are three civilization circles in the Central and Easter Europe. The first one includes countries of the Catholic and Protestant culture, the second one countries of the Orthodox culture of the metropolis of Constantinople, while the third one countries of the Muscovite-Orthodox culture. Civilization affiliation promotes the development of contacts and geopolitical proximity

7

Parisian Culture's Views on Eastern Europe as a Factor in Contemporary Polish Foreign Policy

80%

Hofman I.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2005

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vol. 34

77-86

EN

When analyzing events which unfolded in the Ukraine during the final months of 2004 and the involvement of Polish politicians and public opinion in the struggle for the preservation of the democratic character of presidential elections, a question arises regarding the connection of their actions with the political projects of Jerzy Giedroyć, the founder and sole editor of an influential magazine and a centre of political thought, which was Culture, published in Maisons-Laffitte, near Paris, in the years 1947–2000. Historians and political scientists rightly emphasize the fact that the „Eastern doctrine”, also known as the ULB doctrine (from the abbreviation of „Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus”), has been a constant element of Polish foreign policy since 1989. Generally speaking, Giedroyć was convinced that nationalist impulses would eventually destroy the Russian empire from within, and a sovereign Poland would gain three new neighbours in the East: Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. This process was expected to take place in the near future, as foreseen by Culture contributors who called on the émigrés from Eastern Europe to work together in laying solid foundations for the future partnership.

8

Regionalna współpraca Ukrainy w ramach Organizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie w warunkach przemiany środowiska bezpieczeństwa w regionie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

80%

Kuchyk O.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2017

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issue 11

363-371

EN

Activities of Ukraine–OSCE in the context of changes in security environment of Central and Eastern European region are considered. The main foreign policy actions towards Ukraine engaged by the efficiency of mechanisms for the settlement of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine are analyzed. The activities of the Special OSCE monitoring mission are illustrated. The role of Special OSCE monitoring mission in the conflict is defined.

9

EU Initiatives for Democratisation in Eastern Europe

80%

Kunert-Milcarz R.

Polish Political Science Review. Polski Przegląd Politologiczny

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2013

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vol. 1

49-64

EN

Support for democratisation and democracy has become one of the leading topics in a wide-ranging debate over the state of democracy in the contemporary world. The European Union became an important player in global politics, one with an ambitious programme for the spreading and supporting of democracy and the process of democratisation in Eastern Europe. Hence the author’s attempt at addressing the following question: what actions and strategies have and are being undertaken by the EU to facilitate the above-mentioned processes? The aim of the paper is to describe and assess the strategies and actions of the European Union in the field of supporting democratisation and democracy in selected countries of the former USSR (e.g. Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), additionally well-fitting to the concept of Eastern Partnership, in the last decade of XX and the first decade of XXI Century. The paper also aims to present which procedures and standards (that are supposed to guarantee their usefulness and effectiveness) are being used by the EU. The emphasis has been placed primarily on the processes of democratisation, their mileage, specificity and possible strategies for supporting democratic development, as well as its potential for consolidation, in the countries of the former Soviet Union. In order to conduct the research it is necessary to assess the political, social and economic conditions in the researched countries. It is to be stressed that one should be aware of the complexity and dynamics of the described processes whilst evaluating the EU’s initiatives. The papers topic was chosen due to the importance and currentness of the researched EU actions and their results.

10

Memory Studies in Eastern Europe: Key Issues and Future Perspectives

80%

Wawrzyniak J., Pakier M.

Polish Sociological Review

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2013

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vol. 183

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issue 3

257-280

EN

The paper addresses selected issues of the recent growth in Eastern European memory studies: It identifies the unconscious Western imperialism within the recently institutionalized interdisciplinary field of memory studies; Then, it offers arguments for historical sociology in memory studies, and proceeds to critically analyze the recent growth of transnational historical inquiries into European memory and the place within these studies of the research on Eastern Europe. Finally, it raises the theoretical issue of a region as one possible framework of memory and a terrain for legitimate sociological inquiry fuelled by historical data. As such, it serves as an introduction to the current PSR volume on theoretical traditions and propositions for Eastern European memory studies.

11

Europejska misja Słowian? Wątpliwości i pytania

80%

Kabzińska I.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2017

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issue 11

219-243

EN

On 30 IX 1880 Pope Leo XIII promulgated his encyclical Grande munus in which he recalled the history and the effects of missionary activity carried out among the Slavs in the second half of the ninth century by saints Cyril and Methodius. He also expressed his interest in the unification of the Slavic nations and the creation of a spiritual unity which would bring together Western and Eastern Christianity. On 2 VI 1985, Pope John Paul II, referring to Grande munus promulgated the encyclical Slavorum Apostoli. He deemed the Holy Brothers to be a role model for contemporary Christians, and forerunners of ecumenism, dialogue, enculturation and creation of community in a social environment full of conflicts and divisions. According to the Pope’s view, the continuity of the work done by Cyril and Methodius may save contemporary Europe from forgetting its Christian roots, from denying Christian values and the culture connected with Christianity. As John Paul II maintains, it is the Slavs, especially the Poles, who have a special role in saving Christian Europe. The author does not conceal that she is skeptical about the interest of contemporary Slavs in this evangelization mission seen as continuing the work of the Holy Brothers. She doubts that it can be effective. In view of deep divisions and conflicts among the modern Slavs, of their lack of unity, as well as of a general rejection of Christian values, which can be noticed among those nations as well, it is difficult to see the Slavs as an example of unity among nations and as a model for contemporary Europe. In this multicultural world, those who wish to follow in the footsteps of the Holy Brothers are a definite minority, which has neither the support of their own ethnic/national group nor that of other populations on our continent.

12

KATARZYNA JAGODZIŃSKA, CZAS MUZEÓW W EUROPIE ŚRODKOWEJ. MUZEA I CENTRA SZTUKI WSPÓŁCZESNEJ (1989–2014), KRAKÓW 2014

80%

Zugaj A.

Muzealnictwo

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2015

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vol. 56

180-182

XX

The value of Katarzyna Jagodzińska’s book is enhanced by the fact that there are still not enough such studies. She guides her readers through the theoretical discourse on museums in an accessible and knowledgeable way. She describes the presentation of contemporary/modern art in the former East-Bloc countries while introducing and describing their most important institutions. The value of this publication is unquestionable. It may be recommended without hesitation to people with various interests: museum professionals and museologists, art historians (in particular those dealing with contemporary art), architects, anyone interested in European art issues, the history and culture of the Visegrád Group as a whole or of each particular country forming it. It is also an excellent read for tourists planning their visits to Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia or those travelling in Poland; apart from the commonly-known monuments and museums already described in every guidebook, here one may find those places which are not so well-known but equally interesting.

PL

Książka Katarzyny Jagodzińskiej jest pozycją ważną, między innymi dlatego, że tego typu opracowań bardzo brakuje. W kompetentny i przystępny sposób wprowadza czytelnika w teoretyczny dyskurs o muzeum, na jego tle przedstawia specyfikę prezentowania sztuki współczesnej/nowoczesnej w krajach zrzeszonych niegdyś w Bloku Wschodnim, a jednocześnie prezentuje i opisuje najważniejsze instytucje w tych krajach. Jest to publikacja bardzo użyteczna. Można ją bez wahania polecić odbiorcom o bardzo różnych zainteresowaniach: muzealnikom i muzeologom, historykom sztuki (szczególnie współczesnej), architektom, wszystkim zainteresowanym zagadnieniami sztuki europejskiej, historią i kulturą Grupy Wyszehradzkiej jako całości, jak również poszczególnych państw wchodzących w jej skład. To także świetne uzupełnienie dla turystów wybierających się na Węgry, do Czech, Słowacji, podróżujących po Polsce; oprócz zabytków i muzeów powszechnie znanych i opisywanych w każdym przewodniku, znaleźć tu można te mniej znane, a równie ciekawe.

13

Die Österreicher zu Verstehen… Österreichs Beziehung zur Frage der EU-Erweiterung

80%

Ratecka B.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2016

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vol. 18

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issue 1

71-84

EN

May 1, 2004 is a joyful day for the Polish society. Poland became a member of the European-Union! The Austrians did not enjoy the admission of the 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe to the EU. At that time only 38% of Austrians were satisfied with EU membership. Before the enlargement of the Union Austria suggested a seven-year grace period for citizens from new member states who wish to work in the area of the EU and the protection period for the four main industries. Members of the Austrian Government and the Commissioner, Franz Fischler expresses a hope that Austrian entrepreneurs would expand to the east. Sixty seven percent of entrepreneurs of small Austrian companies felt, however, that EU enlargement will not bring the country any benefits. They pressured the government to protect its own labor market, agriculture and border regions.

14

DIALOGARE NELL’INVERNO DELLA GUERRA ATTRAVERSO UN MINUSCOLO BLOG

80%

MORAWSKI P.

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

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2022

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vol. 13

166-172

15

Oddolny aktywizm i mechanizmy partycypacji obywatelskiej w Federacji Rosyjskiej. Innowacje społeczne 30 lat po upadku ZSRR

80%

Lachowicz M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2021

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issue 4 (381)

85-98

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the mechanisms of civic participation in Russia. The basic question: is the concept of a citizen redefined today and what potential does grassroots initiative of informal groups have for civil society. Participation is a social innovation in the post-Soviet area. It is difficult to define development prospects. It is a response to the growing need for co-participation in the decisions of executive authorities and an opportunity to increase public trust and democratization of the regime. The mechanism, however, is still underdeveloped. In the future, the priority trend in civic participation in Russia will be the increase in the use of Internet technologies and increasing their reach in the population (portals, e-administration). Co-participation in the transformation of Russia's regions takes place both in the format of cooperation with local government and as part of independent social and cultural initiatives. This allows to create new leaders in Russia. The local potential for the implementation of participatory instruments in the Russian Federation is still very low. The author uses the analytical-descriptive method to study the development of the participation process in the framework of various models used in Russia in this area.

16

Obraz Ruska a východnej Európy v slovenskej historiografii v rokoch 1990-2015

80%

Harbuľová Ľ.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2017

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vol. 103

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issue 3

589-607

EN

The changes in the choice of topics in research into Slovak and world history manifest most strikingly in the study of the history of Russia and Eastern Europe and Slovak-Russian/Soviet relations in the twentieth century. There was a retreat from traditional subjects and the spectrum of topics treated in Russian/Soviet history, and expansion into areas that, until that time, had been neglected for various objective reasons or were tabooed for political reasons.

17

Military Expenditures and Shadow Economy in the Central and Eastern Europe: is There a Link?

80%

Fedotenkov I., Schneider F.

Central European Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 52

EN

The main goal of our paper is to determine the existence of a link between government (military) expenditures and the shadow economy in the Central and Eastern European countries, which are the members of the European Union. The empirical investigation is conducted for the years 2003–2015. We show that there is a high statistically significant positive dependence between the size of the shadow economy and military expenditures in the Baltic States. Our conclusion is that higher military expenditures indeed lead to a larger shadow economy and this result is robust to different model specifications. In order to demonstrate the importance of our results, we undertook a simulation, where we calculated how much the size of the shadow economy would increase if the size of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP were to double. For example, in the Czech Republic, such an expansion would have led to an increase in the size of the shadow economy from 11.50% to 12.96%, and in Estonia, from 18.34% to 22.72% in 2012.

18

The struggle of Fortinbras and Horatio in Romania: removal and re-collection of the communist past in Romanian museum

80%

Iemima D. Ploscariu I. D.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2013

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issue 42

37-49

EN

Over twenty years after the dismantling of communist regimes began in Central and Eastern Europe, the governments and people in these former Soviet bloc countries are faced with varying and often opposing ways to approach and present the communist past. Focusing on post-1989 museums in Romania, especially the Sighet Museum in Sighetul Marmaţiei and the Romanian Peasant Museum in Bucharest, the article will examine three themes that appear in museum exhibitions of Romanian communist history: the marginalization of the communist past, the victimization of a nation, and the need by curators to “rescue memory.” These approaches to the communist past leave a great deal out. Limited and biased portraits hinder a healthy coming to terms with the past initially intended by these institutions in Romania and similar institutions across Central and Eastern Europe. However, some attempts have been made to bring in more voices and face the past on its own terms apart from the political motivation or desires for retribution, which often motivate the current interpretation of the past

19

Preliminary Investigations of The Bioarchaeology of Medieval Giecz (XI-XII C.): Examples of Trauma and Stress

71%

Agnew A. M., Justus H. M.

Anthropological Review

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2014

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vol. 77

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issue 2

189-203

EN

Human skeletal remains from past populations are an invaluable source to objectively study biological history. The combined biological and cultural assessment of bioarchaeology offers a unique perspective on the adaptation of people to their environment. This study summarizes a portion of ongoing work to decipher trends related to health and lifestyle in early medieval (XI-XII c.) Giecz, Poland. The skeletal assemblage from Giecz, the “Giecz Collection”, represents a community positioned at a major center of political, economic, and religious power during this important time in Polish history. Non-violent traumatic injuries were investigated to elucidate trends related to possible types and rigor of activities and linear femoral growth trends were analyzed to assess patterns of stress. Preliminary results suggest that all members of the community (men, women, and adolescents) contributed to a lifestyle characterized by repetitive hard-work. Furthermore, it appears that most individuals suffered from health insults negatively affecting their development and perhaps their mortality.

20

The sphero-conical vessels from the Lower Danube in the light of new discoveries from Isaccea, Tulcea county, Romania

71%

Stănică A.-D., Szmoniewski B. S.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2016

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vol. 68

327-344

EN

So-called sphero-conical or grenade vessels are one of the more unusual archaeological finds in Eurasia and beyond dating to the period between the 8/9th to 15th centuries AD. They have been found in many sites located in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus as well as in Central Asia. These are small vessels, usually sphero-conical and spherical in shape, well-made by hand with rounded, short necks and small openings. In the literature the exact function of these wares is still under debate. The finds from the Lower Danube, especially from Dobruja (Isaccea and Nufăru) are the largest deposits in Europe. They are a good example of the special role of the Dobruja as an important network for commercial, cultural technological exchange between Europe and Asia in the Middle Ages. In this paper we will present new discoveries of the sphero-conical vessels from Isaccea and discuss the current state of research on these types of ‘exotic’ vessels in Europe.

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