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1
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Rosja i Rosjanie w wierszach Mazurów

100%
Chojnowski Z.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
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2006
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vol. Tom 1 Nr XI
207-226
EN
XIX century Mazurian’s poetry likewise their poetry from the beginning of the XX century enclose motives ant themes connected with Russians and the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire itself and Russian as the nation were perceived by Mazury inhabitants throughout military and political primacy in the region. That attitude grows to the myths that had been formed by thepropaganda of Prussia Empire.Mazurian poetry supplied documentary evidence of the supremacy of Russian Empire in Eastern Prussia due to military conflicts (ex. „The Seven-Years War”, the Napoleonic wars, and also the I World War).Mazurian in their poetry established not only the stereotype of Russian and the Russia Empire as the aggressor but also their trepidation and deference in the same time were shown yet.
2
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Sławomir Augusiewicz, Janusz Jasiński, Tadeusz Oracki, Wybitni Polacy w Królewcu. XVI -XX wiek, pod red. J. Jasińskiego, Littera, Olsztyn 2005, ss. 352.

80%
Piłat W.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
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2006
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vol. Tom 1 Nr XI
395-397
3
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Z Wileńszczyzny do Barczewa. Znani i nieznani ekspatrianci z Kresów

70%
Korybut-Marciniak M.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2019
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issue 1 (303)
94-114
EN
The article’s goal is to show the role of expatriates from the region of Vilnius in post-war Barczewo and also to capture the worlds saved in human memory – the one that was left behind the eastern border of Poland, the one in former East Prussia and also one that was created in Barczewo’s multicultural mosaic. In the article there are presented the characteristics of people who came from these eastern borderlands. There is also shown the relationship between the indigenous population and the migrant population. The basis of the article is the relations of the Kresowiak family - today’s inhabitants of Barczewo. A few preserved in family archival documents, written relations of people already dead, as well as published biographical studies.
4
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Granica Prus Wschodnich na odcniku z Polską w latach 1919–1922

70%
Wyżlic T.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2020
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issue 2(308)
190-216
EN
Signed on 28 June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles, this peace treaty established a new political order in Europe. Poland gained the Poznań lands, excluding Wschowa, Babimost, Międzyrzecz and Skwierzyna, and a larger part of the Royal Prussia (a total of 45 463 km2 and a little over three million inhabitants). Determining Polish borders was a process largely affected by the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, who was reluctant in his attitude towards Poland. He opposed any solution that would increase the role of France in Europe. The final shape of the borders was to be a task of the Allied and Associated Powers. After a heated debate, the Legislative Sejm of Poland ratified a peace treaty with Germany on 31 July 1919. It took effect on 10 January 1920. The peace treaty also arranged a plebiscite in parts of Eastern and Western Prussia, which was to determine the Polish or German affiliation of Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle. Only after that event the Boundary Commission began its delimitation works. The results of the plebiscite were unfavourable for Poland as it gained only small territories. The commission in the field focused on establishing the borders in the light of the peace treaty, so along the former German-Russian border until the Vistula river and then along it up to the Free City of Danzig.
5
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Pamięć o Wojciechu Kętrzyńskim

70%
Achremczyk S.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2020
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issue 1(307)
41-81
EN
During his life, Wojciech Kętrzyński was a renowned and valued historian, librarian and publicist. Many obituaries and commemorations appeared in magazines and academic journals after his death. The employees of the Lviv Ossolineum made sure to preserve the memory of their director also outside the town. In Lviv, Kętrzyński has had a street and one of the reading halls in Ossolineum named after him. His poems and memoir were published, along with some commemorations dedicated to his achievements. The memory of Kętrzyński has also lasted in southern parts of Eastern Prussia. Michał Kajka translated his poems into Polish, while Emilia Sukertowa-Biedrawina in Działdowo published articles about Kętrzyński in her calendars. After 1945, as Polish borders encompassed those parts of Eastern Prussia, Kętrzyński became a reclaimant, even a warrior of Polishness. In his honour, the town of Rastenburg was renamed to Kętrzyn. He has had streets and schools named after him. The research on Kętrzyński’s activities gained momentum with the establishment of the Wojciech Kętrzyński Centre for Scientific Research (Pol. Ośrodek Badań Naukowych, OBN) in Olsztyn. Thanks to the efforts of OBN, a Polish plaque appeared at Kętrzyński’s grave, which was found by Leonard Turkowski in 1969 at the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv. In 2008, the tombstone was renovated as a result of the activity of Kętrzyn authorities. When the old preWar fragment of the tombstone was found in 2016, it was returned to its proper place, while the medallion with Kętrzyński’s image was gifted by Kętrzyn authorities to the Wrocław Ossolineum. The memory of Kętrzyński in Warmia and Masuria was preserved by publishing his poems and research articles O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich [Eng. On Polish people in the previously Teutonic Prussia]. Numerous academic conferences confirmed the current nature of Kętrzyński’s conclusions. The Marshall of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship established an all-Poland award in humanities named after Kętrzyński, contributing to the movement of commemorating the researcher in the region and in Poland. This paper summarises all such activities during the 100-years period since Wojciech Kętrzyński’s death.
6
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Stosunki niemiecko-sowiecki w aspekcie Prus Wschodnich podczas wojny polsko-bolszewickiej na forum Sejmu Ustawodawczego 1919–1922

70%
Kudrzycki Z.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2020
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issue 2(308)
217-239
EN
Regaining independence after 123 years of partitions led to various difficult problems faced by the Polish state. The main issue of the first months of freedom was the appointment of crucial organs of state authorities that would be legitimised by the nation to rule lawfully. On 28 November 1918, Józef Piłsudski, the interim Head of State, issued a second decree on the Legislative Sejm elections and set its date to 26 January 1919. The First Sejm of the 2nd Republic of Poland handled a wide array of internal problems and relations with other countries, which was an obvious scope of duties for the time of its operation. When it came to the relations with neighbours, its members devoted the majority of their attention to Polish-Russian (Soviet) arrangements. The issue of German-Russian relations was also discussed. It was caused by the interest of political parties in the state’s foreign policy and their fears for Poland’s security. The parties aimed at presenting their stands on the contemporary problems in Polish-Russian relations in the context of German-Russian cooperation, but also wanted to affect said relations with their activities and interpellations.
7
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Justyna Dargel (1860–1926) – z dziejów warmińskiej sekty

61%
Zawadzki W.
Studia Warmińskie
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2011
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issue 48
263-273
EN
In the second half of nineteenth century, in the warmińska diocese, arose a new sect, inspired by Maria’s flashes of insight in Gietrzwałd. The sect was estabilished by Justyna Dargel. It found a protector in a person of warmiński priest, Michał Reddig. The sect was assembling a group of laic people, mostly from the area of Warmia. Warmińscy bishops were trying, unsuccessfully, to eliminate the threat of the division in Warmiński Church. Critical, proved to be the departure of Dargel, Redding and their followers to Trieste, former Austria. There, the sect suffered the marginalization and the decay.
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Droga Michała Lengowskiego do literatury

61%
Chłosta J.
Prace Literaturoznawcze
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2016
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issue 4
139-147
EN
The paper, which was created on the basis of available sources, constitutes reconstruction of the Michał Lengowski's biography - the first post-war chairman of the Polish Writers Union in Olsztyn. The author recalls the motions of life of this forgotten patriot, community worker, who come from the simple peoples of Warmia and did his best using all possible means to maintain Polish national identity among citizens of the East Prussia before the World War II. The author points at Lengowski's beginnings of the poetical works, whose first poems may be considered in the category of the functional literature. The author writes also about Lengowski's cooperation with the editorial office of the "Gazeta Olsztyńska".
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