Search results

1

Cztery swobody wspólnego rynku Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

100%

Szewczyk P.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 4 (1)

75-87

EN

The establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 is a yet another step in the process of forming a common market on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic. The statutory objective of the Eurasian Union is an economic integration of the member states, and, in particular, the establishment of a common market of goods, services, capital, and workforce. The Eurasian Economic Union is not a brand new integration project, but more of a continuation of activities undertaken in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and also in the framework of – no longer existing – the Eurasian Economic Community. It should be noted that in 2016 the Eurasian Economic Union is prognosticated to include the Republic of Tajikistan, which will result in expansion of the common market of goods, services, capital and workforce.

2

The Transformation of Economic Development in the Border Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Period

99%

Burnasov A., Maria I., Kovalev Y., Stepanov A., Nyussupova G.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 2

132-141

EN

The prospects and trends for the development of border regions of the former Soviet Union have become one of the profound research areas in the field of economic geography recently. In the conditions of planned economy in the Republics of the USSR, a vertical system of industrial complexes was formed, with the focus on performing national economic tasks. There have been some significant changes in the border regions of independent post-Soviet States in the process of transition to the market economy model. The analysis of the industrial and territorial structure is done on the example of Russia and Kazakhstan. The formation of a common market on the basis of the Eurasian Economic Union allowed the border regions to make the most of their competitive advantage in attracting investments. The unique geographical particularity of the research object is manifested in the fact that there are no analogues of the longest land border in the world as between Russia and Kazakhstan. The new forms of production organisation are implemented in the border regions of the studied countries over more than 7,000 km. More than a quarter of a century later, transformation processes are clearly observed in the mining and manufacturing industries, agriculture, transport and services. As a result, the “regional asymmetry” of industrial development can be observed when manufacturing regions with high added value become the “cores” of economic development of cross-border relations between Russia and Kazakhstan.

3

Formy internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki badań empirycznych z Kazachstanu

85%

Suchkova I.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2017

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vol. 4

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issue 23

147-157

PL

Celem artykułu jest systematyzacja głównych form internacjonalizacji kazachstańskich przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przedstawiono również instrumenty internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw takie jak eksport pośredni, eksport bezpośredni, eksport kooperacyjny, transakcje montażowe, kontrakty menedżerskie, inwestycje pod klucz, pod dostawy, licencjonowanie, franszyza, międzynarodowe sojusze kooperacje, oddziały zagraniczne oraz spółki. Przeanalizowano udział tych form w działalności międzynarodowej przedsiębiorstw z obszaru Republiki Kazachstanu. Uwzględniono kierunki ekspansji międzynarodowej dzieląc je na kraje wchodzące w skład Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej, kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, kraje Unii Europejskiej oraz pozostałe. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z udziałem 108 firm - eksporterów znajdujących się w Republice Kazachstanu.

EN

The article presents the instruments of internationalization of enterprises operating within the Eurasian Economic Union. Research contains answers of 108 enterprises – exporters located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main goal of the article is showed the main forms of the internationalization of the Kazakhstan enterprises. The paper also presents instruments of internationalization of enterprises such as indirect export, direct export, cooperative export, assembly operations, management contracts, turnkey operations, contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, international alliances cooperation, foreign branches and companies. We analyzed these forms of participation in international business enterprises from the Republic of Kazakhstan. In comparison was took into consideration the directions of international expansion, dividing them into the countries included in the Eurasian Economic Union, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the European Union and others. Research contains answers of 108 enterprises – exporters located in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

4

Credit booms in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Are they related?

85%

Vymyatnina Y. V., Antonova D.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2014

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issue 3(45)

102-121

EN

In this paper we analyze the dynamics of domestic credits in the three countries of the recently formed Eurasian Economic Union: Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan to see if it affects the dynamics of major macroeconomic variables, and if any interactions between the countries can be found. We have identified one credit boom in each country in the period from 1995:2 to 2014:1. The timings of credit booms in different countries are not related to each other, but rather to external events like the world economic and financial crisis of 2007–2008 or the initiation of the Customs Union between the three countries in mid-2010. The analysis of changes in the real per capita GDP and its main components (consumption, investments and government expenditures) confirms the results of the previous studies regarding growth process in the three countries.

5

Experience of European Integration in the Former Soviet Union: Political and Legal Aspects

85%

Baideldynov D. L.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2015

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vol. 44

48-55

EN

The article is devoted to the political and legal analysis of integration processes in the post-Soviet states – Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. It reviews the activities of the Customs Union and its economic and political expediency, as well as the creation and functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author has revealed the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the EAEC activities and proposed a number of legal, political and economic measures to improve it. The paper provides examples of internal economic and political contradictions of the Eurasian Economic Union and offers a legal mechanism to resolve them, and further regulation on the basis of creating a single legal space.

6

Европейский союз и Евразийский союз: правовой механизм взаимодействия, проблемы становления

71%

Байдельдинов (Baideldinow) Д. Л. D. L.

Studia Orientalne

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2015

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issue 1(7)

66-74

PL

Artykuł przybliża koncepcję powołania Unii Eurazjatyckiej – wspólnoty politycznej i gospodarczej wzorowanej na Unii Europejskiej. Autor tekstu ukazuje wpływ Kazachstanu na integrację pozostałych państw zaangażowanych w tworzenie tej wspólnoty: Rosji, Białorusi, Kirgistanu i Tadżykistanu. Opisuje także zinstytucjonalizowane formy współpracy, na których Unia Eurazjatycka ma opierać swoje funkcjonowanie.

EN

The paper takes a close look at the concept of establishing the Eurasian Union – a political and economic community modeled after the European Union. The author of the article shows the impact of Kazakhstan on the integration process of other countries participating in the establishment of this community: Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tacgicastan. The author also describes institutionalized forms of cooperation on which the functioning of the Eurasian Union is to be based.

7

Jurisdiction of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union and Its Role in the Development of the Eurasian Legal Order: One Step Back and Two Steps Forward

71%

Mikhaliova T.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2019

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vol. 39

251-264

EN

The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union was created in 2015 as a judicial organ with jurisdiction over a range of subject matters within the Eurasian Economic Union. It replaced the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community, which operated within the Eurasian Economic Community and its Customs Union (2012-2014). Though the Union become the next step in the integration process of the post-Soviet area, the newly created Court has not been given de jure a successor status. The Court of the Union was set up anew as one of the four institutional bodies in the structure of the Union. It was empowered to settle disputes between the Member States, as well as to consider different types of actions brought by private actors (economic entities only). The interpretative function of the Court was enshrined as “competence on clarification.” Moreover, the Commission, the main executive and regulative organ, was not given locus standi in actions against the Member States to enhance their compliance with the obligations of EAEU law. Preliminary jurisdiction was also cut down as compared to the Court of the Community or other regional integration courts. However, some new functions were given to the Court, and its five years long practice shows a clear tendency to substitute missing powers with those given but in a broader context, as well as its aspirations to play a consolidating role for the legal order of the Union.

8

Eurasian Integration – the Multidimensional Project and its Implementation

71%

Waśkiel T.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2019

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vol. 3(22)

44-58

RU

Статья посвящена деятельности Евразийского Экономического Союза. Организацию можно интерпретировать как следующий шаг в интеграционном процессе евразийского блока. Первый подробный план интеграции был объявлен в 2011 году президентами России, Беларуси и Казахстана в статьях, опубликованных в российской газете «Известия». В статьях президентов были обозначены перспективы будущего альянса, важнейшие цели и принципы интеграции. Лидеры упомянули правило равенства и суверенитета, подчеркнув, что организация должна быть открытой для всех. Все президенты сделали оговорку, что альянс не будет политизирован, и писали только об экономической интеграции. Наконец, одним из особо подчеркнутых постулатов было сотрудничество с другими международными организациями. Анализ показал, что была выполнена лишь часть представленных в то время постулатов. Реализация главной цели, многоуровневой экономической интеграции, остается незавершенной.

EN

The article focuses on the activities of the Eurasian Economic Union. Organization can be interpreted as a further step in the integration process of the Eurasian bloc. The first detailed integration plan was announced in 2011 by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in the articles published in the Russian daily “Izviestia”. The presidents’ articles outlined the future alliance, the most important goals and the principles of integration. Leaders mentioned the rule of equality and sovereignty, emphasized that the organization should be non – exclusive. All presidents stipulated that the alliance will not be politicized and spoke only about the economic integration. Finally, one of the strongly stressed postulates was the cooperation with other international organizations. The analysis showed that only part of the postulates presented at that time was accomplished. The implementation of the main goal, multi-level economic integration, remains incomplete.

9

Белорусско-российские отношения с перспективы Минска: формальный союз и фактическая дезинтеграция

71%

Astapenia R.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2016

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vol. 2(11)

43-56

EN

This article is devoted to the analysis of integration and disintegration processes that occurred between Belarus and Russia after the signing the 1996 Treaty establishing the Community of the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the state of relations in 2014-2015 – after the beginning of the military conflict in Ukraine and the economic crisis in Belarus and Russia. The author points to several trends on three levels of cooperation. Politically, the countries disintegrate, as they become aware of the difference between their interests in bilateral relations and on the international arena. Economic cooperation remains at a high level, but deep integration is impossible, as the economic crisis forced Belarus to seek opportunities for economic development elsewhere. Military cooperation, in turn, reaches the limit of integration that Minsk is willing to accept: its manifestation was a refusal of Belarus to place a Russian military base on its territory. Moreover, Belarus has taken several steps to reduce its military dependence on Russia. Thus, the dynamics of the Belarusian-Russian relations allows to say that in the near future the country will continue formal integration, while in practice that means maintaining the “status quo” or even further disintegration.

RU

Эта статья посвящена анализу интеграционных и дезинтеграционных процессов, которое происходили в отношениях Беларуси и России после под писания в 1996 году Договора об образовании Сообщества двух стран. Особое внимание уделяется состоянию отношений в 2014-2015 гг. – то есть после начала военного конфликта в Украине и экономического кризиса в Беларуси и России. Автор указывает несколько трендов на трёх уровнях сотрудничества. В политическом плане страны дезинтегригуются, поскольку осознают разность интересов государств в двухсторонних отношениях и на международной арене. Экономическое сотрудничество остаётся на высоком уровне, однако глубокая интеграция невозможна, а экономический кризис вынуждает Беларусь искать возможности для экономического развития в других странах. Военное сотрудничество достигла предела интеграции, на которую готов пойти Минск, проявлением чего стал отказ Беларуси разместить российскую военную базу на свой территории. Также Беларусь предприняла несколько шагов, чтобы уменьшить свою военную зависимость от России. Динамика белорусско-российских отношений позволяет сказать, что в ближайщем будущем страны продолжат формальную интеграцию, что в практике означает сохранение “статус-кво” либо дальнейшую дезинтеграцию.

10

Regulacje w obszarze integracji i inwestycji: problemy i korzyści dla Republiki Białorusi

71%

Zelenkevich M.

Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

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2018

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vol. 44

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issue 117

27-35

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the experience of the functioning of the economic and insti-tutional investment regulation mechanism in the European Union, determining its structure, development trends and factors of reform, problems and benefits for countries members of the integration association. This experience can be useful for integration associations with the participation of the Republic of Belarus, in which countries interact closely enough in this area, but an investment regulation mechanism has not been created. Substantiated in the article is that the economic basis of the investment regulation mechanism is a single European financial market, identified institutional forms of investment financing, including budget financing, as well as new forms of interaction between state and private financial institutions. The necessity of using the European experience of creating investment platforms in Belarus and the EAEU countries with the aim of co-financing investment projects with participation of international financial organizations, national development banks and private investors. It is determined that a unified organizational and legal basis for the financial and economic activities of the countries of the integration association is an important element of the investment regulation mechanism. An analysis of the experience of regulating investments in the EU gives grounds to assert that it is possible to use new integration methods and tools for stimulating investments in Belarus, taking into account the specific features of the development of the EAEU countries.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza doświadczeń funkcjonowania ekonomicznego i instytucjonal-nego mechanizmu regulowania inwestycji w Unii Europejskiej, określenie jego struktury, tendencji rozwojo-wych i czynników reform, problemów i korzyści dla poszczególnych państw członkowskich tego stowarzysze-nia integracyjnego. Te doświadczenia mogą być przydatne dla stowarzyszenia integracyjnego z udziałem Republiki Białorusi, jakim jest Euroazjatycka Unia Ekonomiczna (EAUE). W stowarzyszeniu tym poszczególne kraje także ściśle ze sobą współdziałają w tożsamych obszarach, a jedynie jednolity mechanizm regulujący inwestycje nie został jeszcze stworzony. W artykule podkreślono, że podstawą ekonomiczną mechanizmu regulacji inwestycji jest jednolity europejski rynek finansowy, podkreślono rolę instytucjonalnych form finanso-wania inwestycji, w tym finansowania z budżetu, a także nowe formy interakcji między państwowymi i prywat-nymi instytucjami finansowymi. Wskazano na konieczność wykorzystania europejskich doświadczeń w zakresie tworzenia platform inwestycyjnych na Białorusi i w pozostałych krajach EAUE w celu współfinan-sowania projektów inwestycyjnych z udziałem międzynarodowych organizacji finansowych, krajowych ban-ków rozwoju i prywatnych inwestorów. Stwierdzono, że zunifikowana podstawa organizacyjna i prawna dzia-łalności finansowej i gospodarczej krajów stowarzyszenia integracyjnego jest ważnym elementem mechani-zmu regulacji inwestycji. Analiza doświadczeń związanych z regulowaniem inwestycji w UE daje podstawy do stwierdzenia, że możliwe jest stopniowe dostosowywanie nowych metod i narzędzi integracyjnych do stymu-lowania inwestycji na Białorusi, biorąc pod uwagę specyfikę rozwoju krajów należących do EAUE.

11

HOW THE WEST LOST MOLDOVA TO RUSSIA

57%

Volovoj V.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2017

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vol. 1(8) Moldova on the geopolitical map of Europe

47-59

EN

Today Moldova is not on the top of international political agenda, but it is important both for the West and Russia in the context of their geopolitical competition. At the same time it is a competition of two integrative projects, which propose two different models of development – the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. For a long time it seemed that parliamentary “Alliance for European Integration” will be able to make Moldova a successful example of Europeanization, but finally it discredited European idea and Moldovan people after massive social protests elected pro-Russian Igor Dodon president of the country. Now it seems that he will eventually integrate Moldova to the Eurasian Economic Union, but to do this he has to solve the problem of parliament, which is controlled by his political opponents. Referendum is supposed to become a solution. Finally, potential additional advantage of I. Dodon is that the challenge of Transnistria can also be overcome in connection to the Eurasian integration of Moldova, because Chisinau with the help of Kremlin will get unified state and Tiraspol – formal affiliation with Russia it dreams of. The story is not over yet, but Vladimir Putin’s chances to win are good as never

12

Przywództwo w Eurazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

57%

Roślik N. A.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2018

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vol. 3(18)

63-76

EN

Paper Leadership in the Eurasian Economic Union is an attempt to analyse and discuss the subject of leadership in a given organization. The author, initially, thinks about the definition of leadership, then characterizes organization. Subsequently, there is an analysis of who may have a real impact on the shape and policy of EAEU – the structure of the union, presidents of member countries, prime ministers or also the so-called gray eminences such as Professor Dugin.

RU

Работа «Руководство Евразийским Экономическим Союзом» является анализом темы лидерства в данной организации. В первой части автор размышляет о значении слова руководство, описывает организацию. В следующей части работы анализирует кто может иметь реальное влияние на форму и политику ЕАЭС – органы ЕАЭС, президенты государств-членов, премьер-министры или, так называемые, серые кардиналы, как профессор Дугин.

13

Eurasian Economic Union: in the European Union's footsteps or on new paths?

57%

Kiss L. N., Bektasheva A., Szabó B.

Przegląd Europejski

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2021

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vol. 3

35-64

PL

Formy integracji europejskiej i euroazjatyckiej są naprawdę wyjątkowe, łącznie z uprawnieniami ustawodawczymi, wykonawczymi i sądowniczymi na poziomie ponadnarodowym. Analiza porównawcza zastosowana w niniejszym artykule miała na celu ocenę integracji Eurazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej (EAEU) w porównaniu z Unią Europejską (UE). W artykule przedstawiono niektóre wspólne cechy procesów integracji europejskiej i euroazjatyckiej, a także odnotowano kilkа różnic, które mogą wynikać z przyczyn integracji. Autorzy przeanalizowali, ustrukturyzowali i ocenili cechy UE i EAEU, stosując podejście interdyscyplinarne i analizę porównawczą czynników PESTEL. Konkluzja jest taka, że chociaż EAEU skopiowała niektóre mechanizmy operacyjne UE, są widoczne różnice w formach integracji. Autorzy uważają za szczególnie interesujący fakt, że przy podobnych rozwiązaniach instytucjonalnych istnieją historyczne korzenie integracji w UE i polityczne powody wzmocnienia EAEU. Intrygujący jest cel integracji polegający na określeniu siebie jako globalnych aktorów w zglobalizowanym środowisku. Autorzy doszli do wniosku, że UE może stanowić przykład godny naśladowania dla EAEU w wielu aspektach.

EN

The European and Eurasian integration forms are genuinely unique, with legislative, executive, and judicial powers at the supranational level. The comparative analysis used in this article was aimed at evaluating the Eurasian Economic Union’s (EAEU) integration in comparison with the European Union’s (EU). The article presents some common characteristics of the European and Eurasian integration processes, as well as several differences that may arise from the reasons for integration. The authors analysed, structured, and evaluated the features of the EU and EAEU by applying the interdisciplinary and comparative approach of the PESTEL factors analysis. The conclusion is that even though the EAEU has copied some EU operational mechanisms, the integration’s differences might always be tangible. The authors found particularly interesting how the historical roots of EU integration and the political reasons for enhancing the EAEU exist with similar institutional solutions. The integration’s aim in defining themselves as global actors in the globalised environment is very intriguing. It can be concluded that the EU might serve as an example worth following to the EAEU in many senses

14

The Eurasian Economic Union: between co-existence, confrontation and cooperation with the EU

51%

Kinyakin A.

Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej

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2016

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issue 10

461-480

PL

Autor w artykule analizuje proces integracji w przestrzeni poradzieckiej zwłaszcza w formule Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej (EEU). Przedmiotem analizy jest sposób w jaki nowoutworzona struktura integracyjna zamierza określić swoje powiązania z najważniejszą organizacją świata zachodniego – Unią Europejską. Kwestia znalezienia wspólnej płaszczyzny porozumienia i współpracy jest niezmiernie istotna ponieważ to Rosja jako główny komponent EUU jest jednym z najważniejszych partnerów Unii Europejskiej zarówno pod względem gospodarczym jak i politycznym. Nie sprzyjają tej kooperacji geopolityczne napięcia, zwłaszcza te związane z konfliktem na Ukrainie. Istnieje duży potencjał współpracy pomiędzy tymi dwoma organizacjami, ale rozpoczęcie dialogu uzależnione jest od rozwiązania przez obie strony nie tylko problemów gospodarczych (instytucjonalizacja relacji, harmonizacji handlu), ale również od przygotowania odpowiedniej agendy politycznej. Wzajemne powiązania pomiędzy UE i EEU mogą ewoluować w scenariuszu współistnienia, który zakłada istnienie przede wszystkim obecnego status quo przy braku instytucjonalnych powiązań. Aby to zmienić i odpowiednio ukształtować wzajemne relacje w przyszłości, UE musi wziąć pod uwagę wiele czynników, kładąc nacisk na szczególną rolę Rosji w tym ugrupowaniu i udowodnieniu przez EUU celowości swojej egzystencji jako struktury integracyjnej.

EN

The article analyses integration process in the post-soviet space as well as Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) as a product of Eurasian integration. The EEU as newly created integration structure has a problem of finding the suitable form of interrelations with the European Union – the biggest integration structure ever.The issue of finding common grounds between the EEU and the EU especially important given the fact that the Eurasian Union is a bloc led by Russia – one of the biggest European trade partner and long-standing political counterpart, which within a couple of years is at odds with the EU due to the political problems, connected with the Ukrainian conflict as well as the geopolitical tension between Russia and the West. The start of the dialogue between the EU and the EEU, which has the certain potential, seems rather unlike to place in short- and medium-term perspective. In order to start the dialogue both parties have to solve not only economic issues (institutionalization of relationship, harmonization of trade), but also improve political agenda by starting to elaborate a joint agenda.The main point for the time being: the interrelationship between the EEU and the EU could evolve within the co-existence scenario, which envisages maintenance of the current status-quo– noninstitutionalized relationship. In order to change it as well as to single out the appropriate approach for framing the future relationship with the Eurasian Economic Union the EuropeanUnion should take into account many factors, putting the special emphasis on the Russia’s role within the EEU as well as conflicting nature of Eurasian project, which is only to prove its viability as integration structure.

Refine search results

Cztery swobody wspólnego rynku Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

The Transformation of Economic Development in the Border Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Period

Formy internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki badań empirycznych z Kazachstanu

Credit booms in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Are they related?

Experience of European Integration in the Former Soviet Union: Political and Legal Aspects

Европейский союз и Евразийский союз: правовой механизм взаимодействия, проблемы становления

Jurisdiction of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union and Its Role in the Development of the Eurasian Legal Order: One Step Back and Two Steps Forward

Eurasian Integration – the Multidimensional Project and its Implementation

Белорусско-российские отношения с перспективы Минска: формальный союз и фактическая дезинтеграция

Regulacje w obszarze integracji i inwestycji: problemy i korzyści dla Republiki Białorusi

HOW THE WEST LOST MOLDOVA TO RUSSIA

Przywództwo w Eurazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

Eurasian Economic Union: in the European Union's footsteps or on new paths?

The Eurasian Economic Union: between co-existence, confrontation and cooperation with the EU