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The Determination of Nationality in Selected European Countries up to 1938

100%
Gawrecki D.
Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 2
27-54
EN
Assessment of the census routine in Cisleithania and after 1918 also in Czechoslovakia requires a comparison with census routines in neighbouring countries. Nationality assessments have been always accompanied by controversies that became a part of a political fight and their results have been often impugned. The study sums up opinions as for relevance and trustworthiness of census routines as they were demonstrated at the time of censuses and also later in journalisms and historiography. The greatest attention has been paid to a situation in Germany and Poland due to a numerous German and Polish minority in the Czechoslovak Republic and also due to the fact that in these countries it was mainly the language that was perceived as the main criterion of the nationality and the nationality did not use to be associated with the state citizenship. We can follow how, gradually, in particular historical conditions the very notion of the nationality was being changed together with criteria perceived as the background of the nationality assessment. Various controversial disproportions, as it seems, were much more evident in Poland or Germany than in Cisleithania or in the interwar Czechoslovakia. Nevertheless, it has also turned out that applying of central standpoints upon the situation in much more distant regions would be always precarious, which does not concern the census category only.
2
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Some Remarks on the Eurocentricism and Imperialism in the Construction of International Law

88%
AMARASINGHE P.
Historia i Świat
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2020
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issue 9
95-111
EN
The modern international law is considered an offshoot of European intellectual contributions as its basic foundation is deeply imbued with the political and social upheavals took place in European history. As an example, the Westphalian order emerged in the culmination of thirty years war in 1648 was regarded as the most pivotal mile stone in modern history of international law. Yet the European domination and its intellectual contribution to the development of international law systematically excluded non-European nations from international law and its protection, which finally paved the path to use international law in the 19th century as a tool of legitimizing the colonial expansion. This paper seeks to trace the historiography of modern international law and its dubious nature of disdaining non-Europeans and their civilizational thinking. Furthermore, this paper argues how European historical encounters carved the map of international law from a vantage point, which gave an utter prominence upon the European intellectual monopoly. The results emerge from this paper will strongly suggest the need of an alternative scholarship to unveil the history of international law.
3
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Scientific exchange in the Baltic Sea region during the Cold War – an ongoing transnational Oral History Project

75%
Söhner F., Halling T., Hansson N.
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
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2023
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vol. 13
26-35
EN
Science communication, especially science diplomacy, is seen as a means to remain in the conversation in times of political crisis, including the Cold War era. In this paper, drawing on experiences from an ongoing oral history project within the ‘Bridging the Baltic’ network, which is interested in knowledge transfer during the Cold War and afterwards in northern Europe, we look at pitfalls of international interview projects in medicine, e.g. the influence of the chosen language in international interview projects.
4
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Die Geschichte und ihre Schatten. Neuere Generationserzählungen reflektieren eine vielschichtige Vergangenheit

45%
Gisbertz A.-K.
Convivium. Germanistisches Jahrbuch Polen
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2020
63-72
PL
Opowieści rodzinne odnoszą w niemieckim obszarze językowym duże sukcesy, ale są też gatunkiem, podlegającym ciągłym ewolucjom. Niniejszy artykuł zakłada, że narracja jest zdolna współkształtować niemiecką i europejską historię a nawet nadawać jej nowe znaczenie. Utwory literackie ostatnich lat odwołują się zarówno do procesu zapominania jak i do braku odpowiedniej wiedzy; stąd całe przestrzenie czasowe są przepracowane przez wyobraźnię twórców. Dzięki wielorakim odniesieniom do pojęcia czasu, literatura sięga nie tylko do przeszłości, ale przygląda się możliwościom estetycznego i językowego oglądu fenomenu czasu.
EN
Generational narratives have proven to be a promising but also very uneven genre in the German language. This introductory article focuses on the ability of the narrative to create and recreate German and European history. In recent works, forgotten and missing knowledge is recovered, and distant times are processed imaginatively. Through its multilayered access to time, the relevant literature not only reflects on the past, but also more fundamentally, on the aesthetic representation of time and its linguistic expression.
DE
Generationserzählungen haben sich in der deutschen Sprache als eine erfolgversprechende, aber auch sehr wandelbare Gattung erwiesen. Der einleitende Beitrag fokussiert auf die Fähigkeit des Narrativs, die deutsche und europäische Geschichte mitzugestalten und auch umzuschreiben. Dabei greifen jüngere Werke Vergessenes und fehlendes Wissen auf und verarbeiten weite Zeiträume imaginativ. Durch ihre vielschichtigen Zugriffe auf die Zeit reflektiert die einschlägige Literatur nicht nur über die Vergangenheit, sondern auch grundsätzlicher über den ästhetischen Umgang mit der Zeit und ihre sprachlichen Darstellungsmöglichkeiten.
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