Search results - CEJSH

1

KOMPATIBILIZMUS BAÑEZIANIZMU

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Volek P.

Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis

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2017

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vol. 16

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issue 2

5 – 11

EN

In this article the author shows that the understanding of free will in Bañezianism is compatible with God’s influence on human action. He also proposes modifications to selected interpretations of Bañezianism in order to render these more intelligible. This view will be presented in relation to Molinism, which proposes a different solution to the question of God’s role in human action, one that coincides with libertarianism.

2

MANIPULÁCIA AKO MOC, MANIPULÁCIA A SLOBODA

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Buraj I.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2018

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vol. 73

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issue 9

742 – 754

EN

Manipulation as a specific form of power is characterized by a close connection with freedom. This makes it a very complicated and at the same time unusually interesting concept (especially in the current context). In the first part, the author aims to clarify the correlation of manipulation with its related categories such as coercion, compulsion, violence, etc., pointing out the complexities of relations between them, when they differ in principle or resemble each other or even overlap. Even more complicated are the relationships between manipulation and freedom. On the one hand, manipulation seemingly a priori denies freedom, and on the other hand it presupposes its presence, which is succinctly expressed by the term "voluntary slavery."

3

O SLOBODE AKO POLITICKEJ HODNOTE

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Sedová T.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2021

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vol. 76

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issue 2

81 – 96

EN

The aim of the article is to investigate the issue of freedom as a political value, its relationship to the so-called reflexive freedom and its two historical forms: freedom as autonomy and freedom as an authenticity. The introduction examines the problem of whether freedom belongs more to the domain of metaphysics or political philosophy, and discusses the ideas of existentialist understanding of freedom. The idea of negative liberty as the core of the liberal conception of justice is critically examined against the background of a summary of Honneth’s ideas on reflexive, negative, and social freedom and its historical protagonists. The author emphasizes the weaknesses and the inability of the liberal concept of freedom and justice to solve mainly the problem of people with disabilities, global justice and issues related to species specificity.

4

Freedom of the Will and Determinism of Nature in Kant's Transcendentalizm

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Philipp R.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2008

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vol. 17

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issue 3(67)

89-106

EN

This article is an attempt to reconstruct Kant's position with respect to the possibility of freedom conceived as undetermined causality that operates in the empirical world. This proposal meets with an obvious obstacle. It is unclear how the universal causality of the empirical world (or the phenomenal world) is to be reconciled with an initiation of new causal chains by free will. In the first part of the article the author presents Kant's views and highlights Kant's belief that the practical reason requires an establishment of transcendental freedom. In the second part of the article several theoretical difficulties arising from these assumptions are discussed.

5

HISTORY, FREEDOM, POLITICS, THE IDEA OF THE ANCIENT GREEK IN GEORG LUKACS AND HANNAH ARENDT (Tortenelem, szabadsag, politika. Lukacs Gyorgy es Hannah Arendt gorogsegkepe)

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Budai G.

Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)

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2009

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vol. 27

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issue 1

19-25

EN

In this essay the author attempts to sketch a comparative analysis of the imagination of the ancient Greek worldview in two of the greatest twentieth century thinkers, Georg Lukacs and Hannah Arendt. Actually, Lukacs in his 'The Theory of the Novel' (written during World War I) as well as Arendt in her 'The Human Condition' (inspired by the historical experience of the totalitarian systems in the late fifties) aimed at grasping the essence of modernity. Both of them found freedom as a crucial point in relation to which one can aptly define modernity. However, from this common starting-point their line of thinking went on in a basically different way.

6

FILOZOFIA NOVOVEKU AKO ZDROJ MODERNÉHO CHÁPANIA POLITIKY. KONTEXT MOCI

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Olejník Ľ.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2013

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vol. 2

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issue 1

79 – 83

EN

The aim of the presented text is to trace, identify and define the modern background to the Western understanding of implementation of political power and the power management of society and to determine their topicality in the current form of policy. In the text we look at the modern axiological, ethical and ideological sources of modern politics, when the power has been analysed in the context of individualism, freedom and citizenship.

7

„Svoboda“ v listu Galaťanům

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Tichý L.

Studia theologica

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2010

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vol. 12

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issue 4

1-16

EN

Paul’s Letter to the Galatians is very often characterized as the “Magna Carta of Christian freedom”. The article investigates to what extent this designation is justified and what the Apostle Paul was thinking of when he spoke of freedom in this letter. We must suppose that from the beginning of the letter Paul had in mind the main issue he wanted to persuade the addressees of, namely that the only way to attain justification before God is the way of faith in Jesus Christ, not the way of fulfilling the works of the law (cf. Gal 2:16). The Apostle must have seen this way of faith as a space that gives the freedom to live in Spirit. Although Paul’s concept of freedom must have been broader, this freedom from the works of the law must always have been present in the Apostle’s mind when he was instructing and trying to persuade the Galatians in his letter. However, Paul very strongly emphasizes the positive side of Christian freedom, too: this freedom must manifest itself in loving service to others.

8

Bremeno dôkazu majú znášať tí, ktorí trvajú na disparite privilégií, alebo načo oprašovať staré filozofické argumenty

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Szapuová M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 1

3-12

EN

Justifying the subordinated position of women in society by appealing to biological sex differences has a long history and is popular today, too. In this article the author aims to reconstruct some counter-arguments against such kind of legitimisation of gender inequality developed by Harriet Taylor Mill and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century. These philosophers articulated the problem of women’s subjection, and in line with their liberal position argued for women’s liberation on the grounds of freedom and social justice as well as on those of ethical utilitarism. The author argues that the arguments of these philosophers merit attention even today.

9

Indywidualna prewencja jako istotna cecha ustroju paternalistycznego

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Borkowski P.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 1

159-174

EN

The paper explains one important feature of paternalism, a system of political rule operating nowadays in so-called welfare states. Paternalism de facto and de jure aims at a comprehensive control of human behaviour, including actions which mainly or exclusively influence the agents themselves. For the purposes of the paper this specific tendency of paternalist governments is termed 'individual prevention'. Individual prevention appears to be based upon the general assumption that human beings, if left unsurveilled, may behave in a self-destructive manner or, at least, become harmful to themselves. Consequently, the followers of paternalist idea argue that the state, with its proper legislative, administrative and penal measures, ought to prevent its members from harming themselves and thus to extend the scope of their rationality and liberty. The fact remains, however, that the general assumption upon which individual prevention is founded is highly controversial. As demonstrated e.g. by Aristotle in the 'Nicomachean Ethics', it is impossible for anyone to harm oneself in an informed and voluntary way. True, individuals may sometimes act in a self-destructive manner, owing to unavoidable limitations of their knowledge and competences. Nevertheless, as concluded in the paper, a paternalist state easily becomes a totalitarian one, quite contrary to its leading idea.

10

ADVENTURE OF THE DECEITFUL NUMBERS

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Andrade-Molina M.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 2

9 – 25

EN

This article addresses access to high-quality education under a neoliberal mentality. It engages at both the discursive and material levels, by mapping how taken-for-granted truths about neoliberal policies circulate through the media. The media—newspapers, network channels, and news websites—have correlated quality education with socioeconomic status, which have effects of power in the fabrication of the productive citizen and low-performer, and in the perpetuation of the “class/room”. The unexpected deceitfulness of numbers operates as a rhizomatic regime of truths, conducting our ways of being and acting in the world. This analysis takes numbers as an actor to challenge the apparent representative and descriptive nature of standardized assessment outcomes, and the idea that competition, freedom of choice, and accountability are a means of securing equity, inclusion, and economic growth. The novels of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, particularly those featuring the fictional character Sherlock Holmes, and the Sherlock Holmes adaptations portrayed by Benedict Cumberbatch in the TV series “Sherlock” have inspired the narrative of this story. Sherlock’s mind palace—a feature added to Holmes’ personality in the TV series—is put to great use in the narrative of this article.

11

Fenomenologiczno-kontekstowe podejście do badania wolności w psychologii

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Prusiński T.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

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issue 11/2

115-128

EN

Freedom as a subject of academic research in psychology has always been confined to a space regarded as difficult to explore. Since the beginning of psychology as a branch of science, the discussion of freedom has been fragmented. The adoption of a specific repertoire of methodological and philosophical assumptions has ignited interest in the topic and issues of freedom. The history of freedom being present in psychology is an ongoing struggle between different paradigms regarding the nature of this subject and its associated methods of examination. During the nineties of the last century, there was a shaping of the direction referring to the achievements of humanistic psychology, as emphasizing the importance of subjective human experience. The authors of this approach, taking care of a methodological workshop and conducting a series of empirical studies, have proposed a new approach to the study of freedom in psychology. The most important achievement of the phenomenological-contextual approach was to draw attention to the possibility of exploring in scientific research the phenomenon of freedom in psychology that has been rejected as a matter of the intersection of science and philosophy.

12

Pojęcie przyczynowej relacji w systemie Hegla

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Jochlik A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2015

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vol. 43

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issue 3

5-36

EN

The article explains the meaning of the cause and effect relation in Hegel’s thought. It explains what Hegel understands by freedom and what it has to do with causality. Hegel is trying convince us that this issue is insufficient to grasp the absolute with one’s mind, which, in Hegel’s opinion, is the one and only task of philosophy as a whole.

13

PSEUDOPRÁVO

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Turčan M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2016

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vol. 99

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issue 2

138 – 144

EN

In this paper the author deals with issue of unusual approaches to law, mainly with theory of movement called „Freemen on the land“, which the author tries to describe thru prism of Canadian decision in divorce mater Meads vs. Meads. The author describes particular theses, which should according to „freemen’s“ concept release man from clasp of statutory law and he also deals with jurisprudential substantiations of those theses, which are usually offered to justify them. The author’s effort is to communicate this „pseudo legal argument“ in understandable form and to autonomously analyse it.

14

SPONTANEOUS PLAY BASED ON RULES. ON THE MARGINS OF KANTIAN CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT (Swobodna gra oparta na prawidlach. Na marginesie Kantowskiej Krytyki wladzy sadzenia)

100%

Bobrowska E.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2010

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vol. 9

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issue 3(28)

123-145

EN

The proposed analysis of Kant's system of aesthetic judgements builds upon the metaphor of play, based on the binary opposition of laws and freedom. Drawing upon the dualism of human actions, reflected in the tendency to develop both open and closed systems, Kant's analysis of the faculty of judgment focuses on the opposition of two pervading elements: freedom and order. Aesthetic and moral judgments are represented by the play model, which is a system based on arbitrary decisions, limited, however, by a superior network of rules. Therefore, the play is a system in which the duty to obey the rules coexists with the necessity to freely choose the strategy of one's decisions. The category of the play is further employed to reflect upon Kantian notions of the genius, the sublime, and the work of art that induce the free play of the cognitive faculties.

15

Spełnić się w wolności

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Mizdrak I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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issue 887

57-71

EN

The problem of freedom considered in the broad context of self-fulfilment is in my view not merely an intellectual challenge, but also one of the most difficult existential experiences. Dealing with issues concerning the reality of human freedom and self-fulfilment directs us to the anthropological concept of the subjectivity of the individual and the questions it prompts. That is so because if we assume freedom to be a fundamental property of man’s subjectivity, embedded in its extremely complex structure, it then turns out to be among the fundamental conditions for the realisation of his humanity. By capturing more and more closely the specifics of individual subjectivity, we will achieve a deeper insight into what man really is. Karol Wojtyła’s concept of freedom is another voice in the philosophical discourse on man, his nature and the sense of his worldly pilgrimage. As we follow the successive stages and elements of Wojtyła’s phenomenological analyses, we may observe how freedom is constituted in the individual and how it can become the foundation of man’s self-fulfilment; how creative and dynamic was Wojtyła’s personal activity may perhaps also come to light.

16

THE DRAMA OF HUMAN EXISTENCE: FROM DESPAIR TO FREEDOM (LESYA UKRAINKA AND J.-P.SARTRE) (Drama luds'koho buttia: vid vidchaiu do svobody (Lesia Ukrainka i Zh.-P.Sartr))

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Shmorgun O.

Філософська Думка

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2010

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issue 4

87-102

EN

A comparative analysis of existential drama by Lesia Ukrainka and J.-P. Sartre allows one to show philosophical problems of humanistic existential measuring of freedom of the contemporary man, common for the both authors. A special feature of creation of Lesia Ukrainka in comparison with J.-P. Sartre consists in the absence of moral rigorism, abstract philosophical sketchiness in representation of heroes and situations, that gives her drama more expressive, actually humanistic existential sounding.

17

ANDRZEJ WALICKI'S CONCEPTION OF SELF-DISINTEGRATING TOTALITARIANISM (Andrzeja Walickiego koncepcja 'samo-dezintegrujacego sie' totalitaryzmu)

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Sitek R.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2010

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vol. 9

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issue 3(28)

467-485

EN

Various research interests of Andrzej Walicki include the problem of the concept and practice of totalitarianism, as well as of the conceptualization of the process of detotalitarianization. The author devoted a lot of space to these problems in his fundamental work 'Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Utopia'. Following the steps of Hannah Arendt, George Orwell, and Czeslaw Milosz, Walicki underlines the force of communist ideology 'from within' as a specific 'secularized, immanentized version of millenarist terror of the collective salvation on Earth'. Totalitarianism, understood as the combination of terror with the ideocratic coercion leading to the internalization of the 'New Faith' culminated in Poland in 1954. The developments caused by 'Polish October 1956' liberalized the system, by constraining the scope of the state's power and increasing the range of negative freedom available for Poles. The subsequent de-ideologization of the system not only did increase the autonomy of Poles in their private life, but also opened new spheres of freedom in intellectual life and culture. In the economic sphere, the detotalitarianisation of the system was supported by pathological phenomena, i.e., corruption, 'clientelism', dirty business 'connections' that effectively disintegrated the mechanisms of state central planning and control

18

BETWEEN FREEDOM AND PATERNALISM. LATVIAN SOCIETY IN SEARCH OF BALANCE

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Ostrovska I.

Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia

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2008

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issue 3(56)

69-91

EN

EU integration requires increasingly active participation of EU citizens in the decision-making process and local governance in order to overcome the 'democracy deficit' and achieve greater legitimacy of European and national governance. The central actor in this process is civil society, which has to reconcile two mutually exclusive desires that are dominant in each society, namely, the desire of society to be independent from the state and, at the same time, its desire to be under national guardianship. A fragmented and weak civil society cannot balance both desires. The aim of this article is to ascertain the opinions of the wider unorganised society of Latvia on the relations between society and state, on the state's contribution in facilitating the consolidation of democracy, on negations for which, according to society, the state is to blame, as well as on the prospects for developing a civil society. Latvian society believes that the present confrontation of the state and society could be reduced if public institutions were more actively involve society in the decision-making process and if they facilitated the development of a civil society, reduced social fragmentation and improved the quality of services offered to society. However, society's opinions on possible ways to improve the quality of services differ among people belonging to the two largest communities - Latvians and non-Latvians.

19

KONIEC SUBJEKTU? OTÁZKY A OTÁZNIKY VO FENOMENOLOGICKEJ KONCEPCII MORÁLNEJ ZRELOSTI HUBERTA L. DREYFUSA

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Muránsky M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2006

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vol. 61

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issue 9

714-725

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyze Dreyfus' phenomenological conception of moral maturity in a critical relation to the Kantian tradition of the ethics. A special attention is paid to the refutation of the Cartesian subject and a radical elimination of the subject-object relationship. These two points make the starting point of Dreyfus' philosophical reflection on the ideal of moral behavior, as well as on its implications for the ethics of the everyday life. The main objective of the paper is to show the problem of the freedom and choice as a crucial challenge of the Dreyfus primordial understanding of the ethical ways of the being.

20

Freedom, Legislation and Mutual Constraint: Intersubjective Character of the Concept of Freedom in Kant

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Kloc-Konkolowicz J.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 4(52)

213-226

EN

The main objective of the paper is to examine relations between three Kantian ideas: freedom, law and constraint, as they have been presented in the 'Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals'. The author argues that the close relationship between the three ideas testifies to a deeply social nature of Kant's philosophy. The possibility of mutual and universal constraint is crucial to the understanding of external freedom, whereas the possibility of self-constraint is fundamental to the understanding of inner freedom. Mutual constraint manifests itself as the negative side of the mutual acknowledgement of everyone's freedom. Coordination of freedoms is a liberal, but not a libertarian, concept; one's aim must not be a moral perfection of the others, but their happiness, in so far as it does not interfere with the moral law .

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