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EN
Since 1990s real options analysis (ROA) has been perceived as the alternative to the discounted cash flow method. The ROA approach, enabling more accurate valuation of real assets and formulating reasonable strategy for the companies, has attracted the increased interests not only among the academics but also in the industry. The increase of desirability of the ROA approach is caused not only by pros of the method but also with last modifications in its algorithm that substantially simplify the calculus. The most popular and widespread procedure of the ROA uses gross present value, PV, as the underlying asset of real options. Unfortunately, such approach involves several theoretical problems - the PV usually has not any twin assets that neither would be quoted in stock exchanges nor traded publicly. The paper refers to the mentioned questions concreting the concept of an underlying instrument of real options and demonstrating that the PV asset should be modeled in indirect manner.
EN
The article is devoted one of the investment strategy based on value investing. This strategy was developed by John Neff. He headed the Windsor Fund for many years. The main assumption of this strategy is investing in stocks these are low market valuation ratio (price to earnings ratio forming from 40 to 60% of the market) and additionally, these companies are likely to develop. These are measured according to certain criteria. In this publication empirically verified the results to the strategy of John Neff for the stocks listed on the Polish stock market in the years 2007-2012. Companies in accordance with criterion of size of P/E ratio evaluated for compatibility with the Rother objectives of the strategy, and then tested the effects of investment in their stocks as compared to the results for the broad market index.
PL
W artykule zbadano korelację pomiędzy wybranymi wskaźnikami finansowymi. Przeanalizowano 46 wskaźników wyznaczonych dla 219 firm notowanych na GPW w Warszawie oraz na rynku New Connect. Każdy ze wskaźników wyznaczono na podstawie raportów finansowych za lata 2008 i 2009. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że większość z badanych wskaźników wykazuje pewien stopień skorelowania. Jedynie 8 spośród badanych wskaźników nie jest skorelowana z pozostałymi. Ponadto analizowana jest zgodność uporządkowania przedsiębiorstw, gdy do budowy rankingu wykorzystuje się wskaźniki o różnym poziomie skorelowania
EN
The author studies the correlation between the chosen financial ratios. The 46 ratios are calculated for 219 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange or on the alternative trading system New Connect. Each ratio is computed on the base of the annual financial statement for the year 2008 and 2009. As a result, it can be stated that many of the chosen financial ratios are correlated. There are 8 of them, which are not correlated with others. Moreover the ordering compliance of companies in the rankings is analysed, when rankings are created on the base of financial ratios with different level of correlation.
PL
Wzrost liczby spółek notowanych na rynkach kapitałowych, oznacza poszukiwanie efektywnych metod umożliwiających ograniczenie analizowanych i wycenianych spółek w kontekście budowanych portfeli. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w kontekście doboru spółek do portfela należy wykorzystywać nominalne wartości wskaźników finansowych czy ich dynamiki. W tym celu budowane są portfele kwantylowe na podstawie obu grup wskaźników. Spółki do portfeli są kwalifikowane ze względu na pozycję w rankingu konstruowanym na podstawie analizowanych wskaźników finansowych. Budowane są dwa rankingi: ranking TMAI_nom jest konstruowany na podstawie wartości nominalnych wskaźników finansowych oraz ranking TMAI_delta budowany jest na podstawie dynamiki wskaźników finansowych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na przydatność stosowania dynamiki wskaźników finansowych w ocenie spółek giełdowych.
EN
Increase number of stocks quoted on the capital markets, means searches effective methods that allow to reduce number of analyzed and priced stocks in the context of portfolio construction. The purpose of the article is to check whether in the context of stock selection it should be used nominal values of financial ratios or their dynamics. In that purpose there are quantile portfolios build on the base of those two groups of ratios. Companies are chosen to portfolios due to their position in the ranking that is constructed on the base of the chosen financial ratios. There are two rankings: the first one TMAI_nom is built with nominal financial ratios, the second one TMAI_delta is built with the dynamics of financial ratios. We find that it is possible to use dynamics in the stock analysis.
PL
Filtracja danych jest bardzo ważnym etapem badań związanych z odróżnianiem szeregów chaotycznych od losowych. Jedną z metod wykorzystywanych w tym celu jest metoda najbliższych sąsiadów. Pierwotnie została ona stworzona w celu prognozowania, jednak późniejsze prace badawcze pokazały, że jest ona również dobrym narzędziem umożliwiającym redukcję szumu w szeregach czasowych. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu redukcji szumu metodą najbliższych sąsiadów na identyfikację chaosu w wybranych szeregach czasowych. Badanie będzie przeprowadzone na podstawie ekonomicznych szeregów czasowych, złożonych z cen zamknięcia akcji spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie oraz dziennych kursów walut.
EN
The data filtration is very important stage of research involving distinguishing the chaotic series from random series. One of the methods used for this purpose is the nearest neighbor method. It was originally designed to predict, but later research showed that it was also a good tool for reducing noise in the time series. The aim of the article will be to study the effect of noise reduction, carried out using the nearest neighbor method, on the identification of chaotic dynamics in the selected time series. The test will be conducted based on the economic time series which consist of closing prices of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and the daily exchange rates.
EN
The purpose of the article is to check if proposed method of assessing companies can point out one of the five quantile portfolios that systematically are giving better performance than a benchmark portfolio. Companies are chosen to portfolios due to their position in the ranking that is constructed on the base of the nominal values of chosen financial ratios and a relative growth rate of them. The author uses data of companies listed on the WSE between 2001 and 2010. The rankings and portfolios are built separately for each year. As a result, it can be stated that the second portfolio and the forth portfolio of the ranking are systematically giving higher rate of return than the benchmark portfolio. Among that two portfolios, the second portfolio of the ranking gives higher geometric average return. Moreover, the forth portfolio has lower average risk than the second portfolio of the ranking. However, the Sharpe ratio cannot unambiguously points out one of analysed portfolios is better than the other.
EN
The purpose of the article is to check if restriction of analysed financial ratios to asset turnover ratios in the context of the stock selection, leads to find quantile portfolio that is better than any quantile portfolio constructed with financial ratios that describe each area of company activity. Companies are chosen to portfolios due to their position in the ranking that is constructed on the base of the chosen financial ratios. There are two rankings: the first one TMAI is built with all financial ratios, the second one TMAI_S is built with asset turnover ratios. Companies analysed in the study were quoted on the WSE between 2001 and 2011. The rankings and portfolios are constructed separately for each year. As a result, it can be stated that the portfolio 2 of the TMAI ranking as well as the portfolio 4 of the TMAI_S ranking systematically gave higher rate of return than the benchmark portfolio. Among that two portfolios, the portfolio 2 of the TMAI ranking gives higher geometric average return. When risk is analysed then it can be noticed that the portfolio 4 of the TMAI_S ranking has lower risk than the portfolio 2 of the TMAI ranking.
XX
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe dane opisujące sektor małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Wykorzystano dane statystyczne opublikowane przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Ministerstwo Gospodarki i Polską Agencję Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości. Przedstawiono zmiany w liczbie podmiotów gospodarczych w latach 2004-2008. Omówiono poziom i strukturę oraz dynamikę zatrudnienia w sektorze MSP. Przeprowadzono analizę sytuacji finansowej w tym sektorze z uwzględnieniem przychodów, wyniku finansowego netto, stopy zysku, rentowności i płynności finansowej.
EN
The paper presents the basic data describing the sector of small and medium sized enterprises. The statistical data published by Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Economy and the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development have been used. The changes in the number of economic entities in years 2004-2008 have been presented. There has been also presented the level of enterprises in all provinces, taking small and medium sized enterprises into a special consideration. The level and structure as well as dynamics of employment in the enterprises have been discussed. The analysis of financial situation of the small and medium sized enterprise sector has been carried on taking into consideration their revenues, net financial results, profit rates, earning capacity and financial availability. (original abstract)
XX
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji metodologicznej rozpoznawania typów banków według ich sytuacji finansowej. Podkreślono, że uzyskana w wyniku zastosowania proponowanej metodologii typologia banków może być wykorzystana do opracowania programów i strategii konkurencyjnych banków.
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