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GENDER MAINSTREAMING AS A STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN LITHUANIA

100%
Taljunaite M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2005
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vol. 41
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issue 6
1041-1055
EN
The article deals with the questions of gender policy formation and women's participation in Lithuanian political and civil life. It is based on the results of the EU 5th Framework project 'Enlargement, Gender and Governance: The Civic and Political Participation of Women in the EU Candidate Countries'. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with women politicians and activists, the article mainly describes gender mainstreaming as implemented through 'transversal' action plans for gender equality. These action plans assign responsibility to different units for the delivery of different objectives. The author points out that 'transversalism' involves no necessary change in policy-making structures or practice, and argues that gender mainstreaming continues to be designated as a distinct or separate policy space in Lithuania. The author also notes that the absence of a stable commitment to gender mainstreaming and the general policy culture of Lithuania are not conducive the evaluation and impact assessment activities in this area.
2
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Kostarika: mírová dividenda za rovností pohlaví

80%
Kotisova M.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2006
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vol. 7
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issue 2
20-24
EN
Our prejudices make us blind to the wealth of inspiration in the area of gender democracy making and the progress to be found outside of the Occident, in this case to that of Costa Rica. The country's historic milestone is undoubtedly the abolition of its army in 1948, with the ensuing cummulative effect of the so called peace dividend, particularly in education. The latter in turn played a major role in the advancement of Costa Rican women, as well as fostered in large measure a gender sensitization of the society over an arguably short span of time - much in defiance of persistent dire problems any developing country faces. The cornerstone of its nascent gender equality is the 1990 legislation: every political party must state in its statutes how it will work to ensure equality between women and men within its ranks. The electoral law stipulates a binding 40% quota for women on ballots, or else the defaulting party cannot participate in elections. Women currently account for 38,6% in the Parliament, take up almost a third of all ministerial positions, well over a third of managerial positions in the state administration and at the local level there is almost a parity balance.
3
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Proč česká vláda potřebuje genderový audit?

80%
Hendlova T.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2008
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vol. 9
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issue 1
8-15
EN
The Czech government is obliged to guarantee equality for men and women. Despite that, it recognizes this duty only in theory; in practice it contravenes the principles of this formal agreement. The government's programme, politics, legislation, and state budget and governmental structures are marked by a lack of gender equity and the failure to promote women's rights. The hidden structural mechanisms causing gender discrimination can be analyzed by means of a gender audit of the government. This is an effective tool for defining the most critical areas of state politics, and it creates a relevant strategy for challenging negative effects. In doing so, a gender audit of the government can also be a rich source of public education and can help to promote public and political discussion on the topic of gender issues. In this article, the authoress argues in favour of carrying out a gender audit of the Czech government and its politics. She explains how certain areas of politics affect men and women differently, and how their gender correct transformation can positively contribute to democratic and just governance.
4
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HOW DO TODAY´S CZECH ADULTS SPLIT THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES? ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR

80%
Chromková Manea B.-E., Fučík P.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2022
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vol. 54
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issue 4
325 – 351
EN
Sociologists are often questioning the differences between gender roles/norms and actual behaviour in the adult population. The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent attitudes toward gender roles correspond with adults’ participation in various domestic chores, pointing to the differences between men and women in general and within couples in the Czech Republic. We aim to find whether attitudes indicating gender roles equality are reflected in the real behaviour. Our findings indicate certain discrepancies between attitudes and behaviour. Although the attitudes expressed by the respondents appear to lead to more gender equality, their reflection in everyday life is weak. The inclination to equality in the answers to attitudinal questions did not significantly influence the equal distribution of unpaid domestic work, nor did it influence the difference between the works done by each partner in the couple. Furthermore, the results point to the fact that discrepancies do not differentiate by attained educational level (it is an argument against the status differentiation). It requires in further research to look at the factors that allow men and women to handle the demands specific for the different stages in their life.
5
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Proč jsou kvóty strašákem?

80%
Uhde Z.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2006
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vol. 7
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issue 1
6-10
EN
The authoress addresses in the article the debate concerning the application of quotas for the assertion of equal representation of men and women in politics. She develops the theoretical argumentation in order to disprove some objections formulated by Ivana Strilkova in her article 'Dilemmas of Positive Discrimination and Gender Mainstreaming as a Potential Solution?' published in Vol. 6, Nr 2 of this journal and abstracted in CEJSH. She based her argument on the theory of Nancy Fraser and Iris Young. With reference to some practical and empirical mentions she argues for efficacy of quotas for assertion of parity of participation between women and men. In particular, she alerts to dilemma of difference which is ground in the ambiguous relation between assertion of neutral rule and the threat of reification of group characteristics. Furthermore, she argues for the neutral formulation of quotas as a condition of minimal 40 % representation of each sex. Finally, she stands for inner political party quota instead of directive from above.
6

NÁZORY TOMÁŠA AKVINSKÉHO NA VZNIK ČLOVEKA A DNEŠNÁ EMBRYOLÓGIA

70%
Volek P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 3
203-222
EN
The analysis of the text of St. Thomas Aquinas shows, that he was influenced by the Aristotelian notion of succession of the souls. It means that the human embryo is infused at the moment of conception, first with vegetative soul, then with the sensitive souls, and finally with a rational soul. When Aquinas' metaphysical views are considered in accordance with the contemporary biology, the theory of simultaneous animation, i.e. the infusion of the soul by God at the moment of conception, seems to be the best justified theory. Aquinas' description of a woman as mas occasionatus was also influenced by Aristotle's biology: the women are generated as men not in respect of particular nature, but only in respect of the universal nature. That is why, in comparison with men, Aquinas attributes a lower dignity to the women. Such an evaluation of women was not based on the metaphysical principles used for the explanation of the human beings, but it was the result of the influence of Aristotelian biology. When one uses the contemporary biological data in accordance with Aquinas' fundamental metaphysical principles, gender equality in human nature between men and women is convincingly justifiable.
7
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Politiky nečinnosti: genderová rovnost v české vědní politice

70%
Tenglerová H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 1
63-73
EN
he paper examines the non/reception of gender equality as a legitimate topic of science policy in the Czech Republic. Despite much criticism from experts and research that shows that there are major problems with gender equality, state officials and institutions remain resistant to the issue. The policies of inactivity are studied from the perspective of a constructivist policy analysis. The aim of the paper is to show how discursive practices of institutions and understandings of the issue constitute gender equality as something that is completely on the periphery of or even outside science itself. Thus, logically, gender equality is pushed outside the remit of science policies. If gender equality is thematised at all, it is reduced to the issue of women in science. Such an understanding of gender equality significantly narrows down the space in which concrete political measures can be made, and determines which activities are acceptable and which are not.
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GENDER ROLES AND EQUALITY THROUGH POPULAR ASIAN DRAMA SERIES: CRITICAL INTERPRETATIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

70%
Hong Ng C., Cheung Y. L.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 1
31 – 47
EN
The paper draws on two drama series in Asia and demonstrates that studying issues related to gender roles and equality through popular historical Asian drama series is both challenging and fruitful. The present study not only illustrates the complexity involved in studying gender roles and gender equality, but also suggests several teaching pedagogies. Looking at gender roles and equality from a historical perspective and employing a comparative analysis of the past and present can help students assess whether gender roles and equality have remained the same or evolved in the Asian context. Critical literacy enables the broadening of perspectives when taking into consideration the gender roles adopted by the various characters to survive in the complex world. Critical literacy, pedagogies of affect as well as pedagogies of invitation and transformation can be utilized to examine how performing assigned gender roles can result in favouritism, which may in turn lead to atrocities. The implications of the study may be applicable to contexts outside Asia.
9
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Rozpady kohabitací, rozvody manželství: jiné a/nebo stejné sociální fenomény?

70%
Vohlídalová M., Maříková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
3-15
EN
Data on divorces are gathered by the Czech Statistical Office and thus widely accessible and well known, but much less information is available about the stability of unmarried cohabitations. This paper focuses on the differences between marriage and unmarried cohabitations in terms of their stability. The authors study the impact of various factors on the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations taking into account the different socio-demographic indicators. To explain this phenomenon they use various theoretical approaches emphasizing different factors of partnership instability (from socializing factors to premarital cohabitation, values, education and gender, to factors based on the theory of rational choice). The analysis identified factors that operate in the same manner within both marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. children in the partnership, experience with the previous partnership break-ups) as well as factors that play a different role in the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. education, duration of partnership, generation). The paper is based on quantitative data from the survey ‘Life-course 2010’, which included 4010 respondents. The authors used the event history approach in their analysis which enabled them to track the dependences of the variables in time.
10

TRANSPARENCY: A KEY PRINCIPLE IN GENDER-TRADE RELATIONSHIP

70%
Cerezo D. L., Frenández E. V.-M.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 1
12 – 29
EN
Women have a critical role in sustaining the economy and in the development of trade. However, such role has long been invisible due to orthodox conceptions that have ignored the gender variable in commercial analyses. Today, it is generally accepted that neither the economy nor business are gender neutral and that the performance of these activities often impact negatively the lives of women. Women’s participation in trade, on equal terms as men, in any of the various possible roles ― producer, wage earner, consumer, merchant, taxpayer ― will not only favour the lives of women, but also the performance of the economies in which they participate. Transparency, as a principle of the multilateral trading system, can play a significant role as a strategy for the empowerment of women.
11
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Rodiče na trhu práce: mezi prací a péčí

61%
Vohlidalova M., Krizkova A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 1
31-61
EN
TIn this article the authoresses map the theoretical arguments on the gender dimension of the welfare state. They propose three integral dimensions of conceptualising the exercise of parenthood in Czech society in relation to gender equality in the labour market that co-determine the position of parents in the labour market. The authoresses analyse these dimensions using data from two representative sociological surveys. 1) The right to be a parent (to care for one's child) and the right to work: the measures provided in the Czech welfare state are based on the myth that there are two separate worlds of work and care in conformity with the gender principle, even though there are no significant differences between Czech men and women in terms of the value of work in their lives. 2) Equality or non-discrimination in parenthood: the right to work of mothers of young children is violated in the context of generally increasing gender inequalities in the labour market. 3) The opportunity to achieve a work/life balance: in Czech society flexible forms of employment are uncommon, working hours tend to have a fixed start and finish, or there is negative flexibility, which renders a work/life balance impossible. The way in which state policy defines and employers apply the conditions of parenthood in relation to the labour market and in the context of the gender structure of Czech society makes parenthood a significant handicap for the social inclusion of women who are mothers of young children in the Czech Republic.
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