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Geographical Education in Northern Ireland: past, present and… future?

100%
McKay T.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
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2018
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vol. 12
EN
In Northern Ireland geography is taught in primary and post-primary education, where it is a compulsory subject to age 14. Thereafter, students decide if they wish to continue to GCSE (age 16) and to A-level by age 18. Mirroring geography in the school sector, geographical education also features within initial teacher education programmes in Northern Ireland. However, the configuration of the subject, its place within the local educational landscape and its popularity with students has changed in significant and profound ways. This paper reflects on recent trends and considers the implications for geography and geographical education in the years ahead.
2
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“Futuristic geography”. The role of geographers in shaping the borders of East Central and South‑Eastern Europe, 1914‑1920

75%
Górny M.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
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2013
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vol. 48
EN
This article represents an attempt to analyse the political desiderata underlying the activities of East Central European geographers during the First World War and in its immediate aftermath. These scholars, drawing on the achievements of German and French geographical studies, and who were frequently graduates from western European universities, employed sophisticated research tools and arguments in the service of legitimising national interests. The apogee of the political impact of their intellectual concepts came during the peace negotiations in Paris, but indirect evidence of the efficacy of this generation of geographers in the region can also be seen in the fact that they were to become points of reference and arsenals of knowledge utilized by the interwar revisionist propaganda of Germany and Hungary.
3
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Der Krieg der Karten: Geografen und Grenzziehungen in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 1914–1920

75%
Górny M.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
9-39
EN
The author analyses professional geographical narratives centered upon the borders in East Central and Southeast Europe in the context of the First World War. It is argued that they represent a regional equivalent of nationalistic mobilization of intellectuals’ characteristic for Western Europe and broadly referred to as ‘spiritual war’ (Krieg der Geister). Typically, they tended to employ the newest methodological trends (notably anthropogeography) together with inspirations from the tradition of national characterology (or ethnopsychology). They also participated in the international discussions on the question of ‘natural’ borders. The main fronts of ‘the war of maps’ spread mostly around territorial claims in the region: the German expansion to the East, the conflict between Bulgaria and Serbia in Macedonia, the Polish-Ukrainian border conflict, hostilities between Italy and Serbia etc. The expertise of the East Central and Southeast European geographers was, then, instrumental for the reshaping of the region following the decisions of the Peace Conference. Finally, professional techniques and modes of argumentation used by the region’s geographers inspired interwar revisionist campaigns in Hungary and Germany.
4
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Ostatni przed wojną Zjazd Polskich Geografów w Krakowie Instytut Geograficzny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 28–29 maja 1939 roku

51%
Jackowski A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
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2017
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issue 27
33-47
EN
The last before the war, 8th Convention of Polish Geography Teachers, the only at that time nationwide forum for the exchange of geographical ideas, took place on 28–29 May 1939 at the Institute of Geography of the Jagiellonian University. The organizer was the Polish Association of Geography Teachers chaired at that time by Professor Stanisław Pawłowski, the director of the Institute of Geography of the University of Poznan. Each convention had an extensive educational part, and all the events were accompanied by cartographic exhibitions and those featuring teaching aids. The main lecture under the title „Geography and national defence” was delivered by Professor S. Pawłowski. In it, he characterized in a comprehensive way Polish defensive conditions. Another speech at the plenary session concerned Cieszyn Silesia. It was delivered by Dr. Antoni Wrzosek, the deputy director of the Silesian Institute. The remaining part of the Convention was devoted to educational matters. Participants also had the opportunity to visit a specially prepared cartographic exhibition, and that featuring the latest teaching aids. The Convention proceeded in a feverish atmosphere. Preparations for a probable war with Germany were under way everywhere. No one was expecting the attack of Stalin’s army and the occupation of part of the Polish territory by the Soviets. More and more often, patriotic feelings were publicly displayed. For many participants, the Krakow gathering was an occasion to meet friends and colleagues for the last time. Some speeches took on the character of a farewell. Three months later (exactly 94 days), the Second World War II broke out, and several days later Hitler’s aggression was followed by that of Stalin. The war brought martyrdom to a number of the Convention participants, both in German torture chambers and in the Soviet ones.
PL
Główny referat na Zjeździe pt. „Geografia a obronność państwa” wygłosił prof. S. Pawłowski. W sposób wszechstronny scharakteryzował w nim warunki obronne Polski. Zjazd odbywał się w bardzo gorączkowej atmosferze. Wokół trwały przygotowania do prawdopodobnej wojny z Niemcami. Nie przewidywano jeszcze zajęcia fragmentu terytorium Polski przez Sowietów. Niektóre wystąpienia nabrały charakteru pożegnalnego.
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