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EN
The topic of freedom in Descartes’ philosophy is usually being connected with human freedom. It is understood in the traditional perspective of distinguishing right from wrong and truth from false. This aspect is, in my opinion, sufficiently explained. The same applies to Descartes’ ethics, connections of which with Antiquity were often mentioned. In the paper I bring up quite different issue. It rests on the question what it means that God creates the truth and what consequences it has for human validity (and necessity) of recognizing and receiving it, what is its status and, finally, how it reconfigures the relation between God and the man.
2
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The Evolutionary Concept of Human Death

100%
EN
The natural sciences reveal the existence of a constant process of cosmic evolution, in which new forms of matter emerge. The continuity of the nonorganic and biological evolutionary processes, their assignment to the laws of nature, as well as the fact that the appearance of a human being constitutes their culmination, all this shows that a human being is an element of the material structure of the world. From the evolutionary point of view, it could be argued that a human being is “the ultimate form of life,” a very interesting but, in many respects, still very mysterious idea.
3
75%
EN
The process of socialization of the man takes place in new conditions. Social transformation is the result of social compromises. Today's values, which a man strives for, have moved into the individual sphere. A special value within the value system of the man is belief. The man seeks to translate concrete realia into his own experiences and individual peculiarities. Nowadays, we are facing a requirement to continuously strengthen all trends associated with work, privacy and human relations.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rozważania na temat psychologicznych aspektów funkcjonowania systemu rachunkowości finansowej. Prowadzone rozważania zostały osadzone w kontekście współczesnych dylematów rachunkowości związanych z realizacją jej naczelnej funkcji oraz w kontekście najnowszych badań psychologii poznawczej, które zasadniczo podważają koncepcję pełnej racjonalności człowieka. Artykuł wpisuje się w toczącą się obecnie polemikę na temat rachunkowości behawioralnej.
EN
The article presents reflections on the psychological aspects of the financial accounting system. Conducted considerations are embedded in the context of contemporary accounting dilemmas related to the execution of its main function, and in the context of the latest research in cognitive psychology, which essentially undermines the concept of full human rationality. The article is a part of the current ongoing controversy about behavioral accounting.
5
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The Human Being as Body and Soul

63%
Studia Ełckie
|
2020
|
vol. 22
|
issue 3
313-324
EN
Under Hylemorphism, all composed beings are composed of form and matter. Accordingly, the human being is a unified substance of soul and body. Through the operations of a human being an immaterial power is manifested which demonstrates that the rational soul is immaterial and immortal. Through these elements of Thomistic metaphysics, a clear understanding of the person emerges as both in-itself and toward-others. After key metaphysical principles such as the principle of sufficient reason are defended, arguments against the thesis which claim the person is reducible to body or soul are rebuked and the Hylemorphic account is shown to stand. Leaning on the work of W. Norris Clarke, the person as body and soul is thus shown to be the frontier of being.
EN
The anthropological terminology of ancient authors is as rich as ambiguous. This article presents the reconstruction of Didimos’ teaching about the soul (psyche) from a perspective of early-Christian philosophy and philology.
ES
Este artículo presenta el resultado de la reconstrucción de las concepciones contenidos en el Comentario In Genesin de Didymos el Ciego de la idea de la „anima”. El autor no precisa, no define la terminología antropológica. La reconstrucción de la idea de la anima y de los aspectos múltiples de ella es posible gracias a un análisis detallado del texto de Comentario y gracias a incrustarlo en la tradición filosófica, con especial énfasis en influencia de Origenes, el maestro de Didymos.
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