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Praskie ratusze – symboliczne czy rzeczywiste centra władzy?

100%

Jišová K.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2014

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vol. 74

EN

Town halls in Prague – A symbolic or real centre of power?(Summary) The Prague agglomeration consisted of four medieval towns: the Old Town, the New Town, Mala Strana and also Hradčany. The article throws light on the relations, often dramatic, between the town halls of the Old and New Towns (the fi rst was built in 1338, the second before 1374) in the 15th century. An uprising broke out in the New Town in 1419. The insurgents forced their way into the town hall and defenestrated 10–13 men. In May 1420 the communes appointed new councillors for the first time. In August, on the initiative of Jan Želivský, a general meeting of the communes was convened in the Old Town hall and new councillors were appointed. In June 1421 armed action by the townsmen of the New Town resulted in the town council’s resignation. Both towns were combined into a single body governed from the Old Town hall, of course, under Želivský’s dictatorship. However, the chancelleries of both towns remained independent and maintained town ledgers in parallel. During that period the importance of the town councils’ dropped to an alltime low, political decisions were taken by Želivský, without the participation of either of the town halls (in 1422 Želivský was imprisoned in the Old Town hall and subsequently decapitated). The association of Prague communes disintegrated at the turn of 1423/24. Sigismund Korybut ruled in the period from 1422 to 1427. The Duke established a new joint council for the Old and New Towns, consisting of 18 councillors from both towns. Korybut was overthrown, but everything seems to point to the fact that later both towns were once again unified; however, from August 1428 at the latest, the councils again became independent. In 1434 thanks to the support of Bohemian lords, the townsmen of the Old Town captured the New Town. But in 1436, the Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who had already accepted a pledge of allegiance from the townsmen of Prague, freed the citizens of the New Town from the Old Town’s hegemony. In 1483 another uprising began in Prague, which was referred to as the epilogue to the Hussite revolution, which claimed new victims from among the authorities of both town halls. Forty years later there were further tensions in Prague.

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Filip z Padeřova a jeho bible. Glosy inspirované četbou:

83%

Šmahel F.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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vol. 118

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issue 2

447-460

EN

The illuminated Bible in Czech, which was copied and partly also decorated in 1431–1435 by the scribe Jan of Prague, called Aliapars, at the commission of the captain of Tábor, Filip of Padařov, still attracts the attention of researchers. The monograph by Viktor Kubík provides a comprehensive interpretation of the Padeřov Bible, which at its time was a rather unique example of a consistent illumination style in the Czech lands. The focus of the work lies in an extraordinarily beneficial analysis of the decorative elements of the ornamental style exhibited by the two Masters of this exceptional work of art. The book moved the author of the article to examine partially some of the open questions from the cultural-historic viewpoint. Apart from a few additions of a component or hypothetical nature, the treatise provides one important finding for assessing the role of the commissioner of the Bible being studied. Although Filip of Padařov came from a peasant family, he achieved lower ordination in his youth and thus access to school education. The author of the article further believes that the miniature of the fortified locality in the right margin of 286r was to represent two cylindrical towers of Castle Kotnov and the fortification of the entry barbican of the newly founded Hussite town of Tábor.

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Administrace dezintegrované pražské diecéze za hustiských válek

60%

Vodička O.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 2

153-187

EN

The study summrizes the current knowledge concerning the performance of ecclesiastical administration in the Prague diocese disrupted by the Hussite wars from the Zittau exile centre. It also provides a number of scattered documents on the everyday worries, disputes and life strategies of the Catholic clerby. it particularly focuses on the organizational and communication aspects of the issues, hence on the personnel composition and functioning of the so-called Zittau consistory, the possibilities and limits of the delegation of authority, correspondence dealing with the cases using messengers and the movement of the clergy within the diocese. Another circle of questions is the financial situation, hence which financial resources were available to the consistory and in what way the obligatory payments from the diocese were collected and paid. Using the rare documents, it also attempts to illustrate the everyday stereotype of the life of a Catholic clergyman in the shadow of the "great history" of the Hussite revolution.

4

„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki

48%

Strzyż P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2019

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issue 103

43-57

EN

The period of the Hussite revolution in the years 1419–1436 holds one of the most prominent places in the history of the Czech military. There is no doubt that this is also a time of great glory of Hussite field troops – the „Orphans” and the „Taborites”. For one and a half of a decade no contemporary army which confronted them was able to defeat the Hussites. However, the present paper will not deal with weaponry of these warriors. What will be discussed is their appearance and deeds, with special reference to those of non-military nature which very soon added to their sinister fame. It was not infrequently that this fame virtually paralysed entire armies and defenders of castles and towns – the very sound of a Hussite war battle song Ktož jsú boží bojovníci was enough. A sort of Hussite „hallmarks” were: burning and pulling down of monasteries and churches, tortures and murders of rural and urban populations, with a special preference for burning on the stake or in barns, as well as pillaging of any sort of movable and immovable property and trade with such goods. In spite of the fact that such acts were not uncommon in the Middle Ages, it was the Hussites who were very eagerly labelled as merciless plunderers.

PL

W historii czeskiego oręża jedno z najważniejszych miejsc zajmuje okres rewolucji husyckiej lat 1419–1436. Jest to też niewątpliwie czas wielkiej chwały husyckich wojsk polnych „sierotek” i „taborytów”, którym przez półtorej dekady nie była w stanie sprostać żadna ze stających z nimi do konfrontacji ówczesnych armii. Przedmiotem badań nie będzie jednak uzbrojenie tych wojowników, lecz ich wygląd oraz czyny, przede wszystkim te pozamilitarne, które bardzo szybko przysporzyły im złowrogiej sławy. Nierzadko paraliżowała ona całe armie oraz obrońców zamków i miast – wystarczył dźwięk słów ich bojowej pieśni Ktož jsú boží bojovníci. Ich swego rodzaju „znakami rozpoznawczymi” były: palenie i burzenie klasztorów i kościołów, tortury i mordy na ludności wsi i miast ze szczególnym upodobaniem palenia na stosie lub w stodołach oraz rabowanie wszelkich dóbr ruchomych i nieruchomych oraz handel nimi. I mimo że w średniowieczu takie postępowanie nie należało do rzadkości, to jednak „łatka” pozbawionych litości grabieżców była bardzo chętnie przypinana właśnie husytom.

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Rozważania o kontrrewolucji. Czeski obóz katolicki i jego sojusznicy w walce z radykałami husyckimi

48%

Bylina S.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2017

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vol. 124

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issue 3

PL

Artykuł przedstawia działania zbrojne i polityczne obozu katolickiego w Czechach w latach dwudziestych i trzydziestych XV w. skierowane przeciw radykalnym stronnictwom husyckim i ich wojskom. The article presents the military and political actions of the Catholic camp in Bohemia undertaken in the 1420s and 1430s against radical Hussite factions and their armed forces.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

1 Kwartalnik Historyczny

1 Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

1 Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

1 Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

1 Bylina S.

1 Jišová K.

1 Strzyż P.

1 Vodička O.

1 Šmahel F.

1 2020

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1 2014

Praskie ratusze – symboliczne czy rzeczywiste centra władzy?

Filip z Padeřova a jeho bible. Glosy inspirované četbou:

Administrace dezintegrované pražské diecéze za hustiských válek

„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki

Rozważania o kontrrewolucji. Czeski obóz katolicki i jego sojusznicy w walce z radykałami husyckimi