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EN
The article concerns the attitude of the Bishop of Cracow, Zbigniew Oleśnicki to the Hussite doctrine and to the proposal of assuming the Bohemian throne by the Jagiellonian dynasty in the 20s and 30s of the fifteenth century. The author analyzes the attitudes and activities of the bishop in the light of the sources of the period as well as in the light of the opinions of historiography. A special attention is devoted to the criticism of the account given by a chronicler Jan Długosz, who was particularly interested in making Zbigniew Oleśnicki a principled defender of the faith against the Hussite threat.
EN
This article examines the ways in which the crusades against the Hussites were launched. It provides a complete overview of papal bulls issued for the purpose of eradicating heresy in Bohemia and Moravia, and explores the relationship between the crusading bulls and specialized legations. In addition, it investigates the practical implementation of papal ordinances, which was the main task of the anti-Hussite legates. The response of the secular arm to the calls to crusade and the preaching campaigns depended on a number of political considerations, meaning that the dispatch of expeditions did not always correspond to papal proclamations. Recurrent military failures resulted in repeated calls to arms by secular authorities and a re-publishing of crusade bulls by papal agents.
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Kniha Job v husitském výkladu strahovského sborníku

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EN
The Strahov manuscript DE IV 23 has preserved and included apart from a Hus´s and an anonymous holiday postil, also a collection of other texts by an anonymous author. It is an interpretation of a part of chapters 24 and 25 of the St. Matthew´s Gospel, completed with an intepretation of a part of three chapters of the old Testament Book of Job. The Jobian anonymous sermons are similar to the Book of Job Latin interpretations by Master Jakoubek of Stříbro (Jacobellus de Misa) in their form and content, but the evidence for Jakoubek´s authorship cannot be proved. The anonymous interpretation of the Book of Job might have originated before the Hussite Revolution broke out and although it is based on the traditional authority of the Moralia by Gregory the Great, it is unambiguously indebted to the Hussite Movement but not to its radical stream.
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Spanilá jízda po internetu

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Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2012
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vol. 95
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issue 3
113-122
EN
The article deals with the lexical phrase spanilá jízda (“graceful ride”) which refers to the Hussite conquering raids in the 15th century. This collocation was documented for the first time in the 15th century texts. It has since changed, both in lexical form and meaning. The collocation was (v)zpanilá jiezda in Old Czech and originally denoted ‘conquering raids, bringing wealth and power’. Now these words in many cases denote ‘well-organized, systematic, noble-looking activity’ (i.e. sport activity).
EN
The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the passage on the emergence of Hussitism in the Chronicle written by Burgundy’s official historian, Georges Chastelain (1415–1470). The chapter in question, entitled “Comme il advint, en la cité de Pragues, ne merveilleuse confusion entre religieux et demoiselles”, was written in about 1455. According to Chastelain, the root cause of the chaos and wars was that girls in Prague were falling in love with monks at a local monastery where they would go to attend Mass. In order to deceive the Abbot, they would wear monk’s cowls and shaven tonsures. In Chastelain’s view, this was a complete collapse of values and the established hierarchies. It is therefore no wonder, then, that he placed the chapter on the girls of Prague within immediate proximity of a passage on Joan of Arc, who also had her hair cut short and dressed as a man. In so doing, he could call attention to the fact that women had recently been the cause of unrest and bloodshed. The story of the girls of Prague is not to be found in any other document; however, its sources of inspiration and similarly oriented misogynistic texts can be traced. A comparison with anti-Hussite pieces written in old Czech is also worth considering.
EN
In Mazovia, in the 1420s, we do not notice any signs of interest in the Hussite movementyet, although it is encountered in Wielkopolska and Kujawy at that time. The first signals about people sympathizing with the Hussite reform appeared at the end of the third decade of the 15th century. Over the course of less than twenty years (1440-1457), several places should be noted (Płock, Ciechanów, Strzegowo, Baboszewo, Bulkowo), where we meet some forms of interest in the teachings of John Hus. For the most part, they were clergymen, pastors of local parishes, and in one case a Płock scriptor, who may have familiarized himself with the reform program proposed by the Prague theologian. Is it possible to talk about the phenomenon of Hussitism in Mazovia on the basis of the above-discussed examples? I do not think so. It was not an organized movement with its leaders and, of course, supporters.These cases rather reflect some priests’ religious sensitivity, which may have been stimulated by the information coming from the world and have found an outlet in such forms of piety as the more frequent practice of exhibiting the Blessed Sacrament in the monstrance to revive the piety of the faithful. Secondly, the shortcomings in the education of the clergy and, therefore, the glaring deficiencies in the knowledge of theological issues, contained traps of falling into religious subjectivism. Probably the bishop's invitation to the suspect, the explanation, and a commitment to abandon unusual religious practices were enough to have the matter settled.The files of meetings of the cathedral chapter do not inform us about the theological debates that took place there, or on attempts to defend one’s own position – as it will happen a hundred years later due to the reform of Martin Luther. In this case, it was enough for Mikołaj of Mirzyniec to elaborate a set of basic principles of the Catholic faith, to acquaintfirst of all, the clergy with them, at the synods summoned by the bishop, and thus the problem was settled.
PL
Na Mazowszu, w latach 20 - tych XV wieku nie zauważamy jeszcze przejawów zainteresowania się ruchem husyckim, choć spotyka go się w tym czasie w Wielkopolsce i na Kujawach.Pierwsze sygnały o osobach sympatyzujących z reformą husycką pojawiły się w końcu trzeciej dekady XV wieku. Na przestrzeni niespełna dwudziestu lat (1440-1457) należy odnotować kilka miejscowości (Płock, Ciechanów, Strzegowo, Baboszewo, Bulkowo), gdzie spotykamy jakieś formy zainteresowania nauką Jana Husa. W większości byli to duchowni, duszpasterze miejscowych parafii, a w jednym przypadku płocki skryptor, który być może tą drogą zaznajomił się z programem reformy proponowanej przez praskiego teologa. Czy na podstawie wyżej omówionych przykładów można mówić o zjawisku husytyzmu na Mazowszu? Sadzę, że nie. Nie był to zorganizowany ruch, mający swoich przywódców i oczywiście zwolenników. Przypadki te bardziej odzwierciedlają religijną wrażliwość niektórych duchownych, która być może pobudzona przez docierające ze świata informacje, znajdowała ujście w takich formach pobożności jak choćby częstsze praktykowanie wystawiania Najświętszego Sakramentu w monstrancji dla ożywienia pobożności wiernych. Po drugie niedostatki w wykształceniu duchownych a tym samym rażące braki w nieznajomości zagadnień teologicznych, zawierały pułapki popadnięcia w religijny subiektywizm. Chyba wystarczyło zaproszenie podejrzanego przez biskupa, złożenie wyjaśnień i zapewne zobowiązanie się do zaniechania nietypowych praktyk religijnych, by sprawę uznać za załatwioną. Akta posiedzeń kapituły katedralnej nie informują o mających miejsce debatach teologicznych, próbach obrony własnego stanowiska – jak będzie to miało miejsce sto lat później za sprawą reformy Marcina Lutra. W tym przypadku wystarczyło opracowanie przez Mikołaja z Mirzyńca zbioru podstawowych zasad wiary katolickiej, zaznajomienie z nim przede wszystkim duchownych na zwoływanych przez biskupa synodach i problem został załatwiony.
EN
The article deals with manuscript XIII G 25 of the National Library of the Czech Republic, which contains an explanation of part of the Book of Psalms (109-118). The explanation is attributed to the Master of the Prague University and preacher in the Prague Bethlehem Chapel Václav of Dráchov (about 1395-1469). The author analyses the contents of the codex, the relationship between it and further manuscripts, its provenience and finally, the research results in this field are summarized.
EN
The study provides the first critical edition of the satirical letter intended for the Prague town councillors and burghers from the autumn of 1419. The letter is not of chancellery origin. According to the Basel copy, the author was Caspar of Lewbitz, registrator (registrar) from the chancellery of Wenceslas IV. In the introduction to the edition, it refers to the manuscript preservation, textual variations and existing inconsistent interpretation of the letter.
EN
Political and religious updating of Hussitism in the Bohemian chronicles at the turn of Middle Ages and the Modern Period: The study compares the views of the Hussite period in the chronicler’s works written down in Latin by the direct actors in events (Vavřinec of Březová, senior of the Táborite church Nicholas of Pelhřimov) and in the Czech-language chronicles created and issued in the second quarter of the 16th century in print (the texts of Martin Kuthen, Bohuslav Bílejovský and Václav Hájek of Libočany). Besides the same moments in the works of the Utraquist authors (emphasis of the importance of Hussitism for the history of mankind in its journey for redemption, Czech messianism), it also notices the differences, especially the tendencies to the fictionalization of the events and fears of the disintegration of church unity (threatened by the appearance of Luther’s reformation and the radicalization of Bohemian Utraquism) on the pages of the printed texts.
EN
In the 15th-century ecclesiastical milieu of Płock, there were discussions on the issues of conciliarism, reform of the Church and on Hussitism, which at that time became a serious threat to religious unity in Poland. The fact that Hussite affairs were of concern is evidenced by the numerous glosses in the margins of the cards related to treatises (speeches) and sermons from that period of on-going dispute between the supporters of Hussitism and its opponents.The codices contained polemical treaties and anti-Hussite speeches directed against the four articles of Prague written by Hus' followers: John of Ragusa (Ioannis de Ragusio), with the treatises: De communione sub utraque specie and Septem regulae ad habendum verum sensum sacrarum scripturarum; Jerome of Prague (Hieronymi Pragensis), with the sermon treatise: Sermo; Gilles Charlier (Aegidus Carlerii), with the treatise: De punitione peccatorum publicorum; Henryk Kalteis, (Henrici Kalteisen), with the treatise: Oratio de libera predicatione verbi Dei; John of Palomar, (Ioannis de Palomar), with the treatise: De civili domino clericorum. Moreover, the following writings were included: Excerpta ex Summa Benedicti abbatis Massiliae contra errores haereticorum; Responsiones ad obiectiones et pictura Ioannis Hus, Cardinal Julian Cesarini’s treatise: Oratio ad convertendos Bohemos, and John de Bachenstein’s treatise: decretorum doctoris, Sermo in concilio Basiliensi. The fact that Hussitism as an intellectual current, with a religious and social orientation, reached Mazovia is clearly evidenced by the books mentioned above and by marginal and provenience entries preserved on them, made out by Adam Vetulani before 1939. Admittedly, these are not treatises that deal with the doctrine of the Church in the Hussite vision, but rather take issue with this movement. Thus, a manuscript in the ecclesiastical (cathedral) milieu of Płock in the 14th century, through its subject matter, was also used to defend the existing Catholic doctrine, rather than to conduct polemics with it. At the same time, through the mentioned books, one can see the interest of Płock, a city far away from the academic centre of Krakow, and of its clergy associated with the cathedral chapter, in the new religious current.
PL
W XV - wiecznym kościelnym środowisku płockim obecne były dyskusje dotyczące spraw koncyliaryzmu, reformy Kościoła i husytyzmu, który w tym czasie stał się poważnym zagrożeniem jedności religijnej w Polsce. To, że interesowano się w Płocku sprawami husyckimi świadczą pozostawione na marginesach kart liczne glosy związane z zamieszczonymi w kodeksach traktatami (mowami) i kazaniami.  Przechowywane kodeksy zawierały traktaty polemiczne i mowy antyhusyckie skierowane przeciw czterem artykułom praskim, których autorami byli zwolennicy Husa: Jan z Raguzy (Ioannis de Ragusio), z traktatem: De communione sub utraque specie oraz Septem regulae ad habendum verum sensum sacrarum scripturarum, Hieronim z Pragi zwany Mniszek, (Hieronymi Pragensis) z traktatem kazanodziejskim: Sermo, Gilles Charlier (Aegidus Carlerii), z traktatem: De punitione peccatorum publicorum, Henryk Kalteis, (Henrici Kalteisen), z traktatem: Oratio de libera predicatione verbi Dei, Jan de Palomar,(Ioannis de Palomar), z traktatem: De civili domino clericorum, nadto zamieszczono pisma: Excerpta ex Summa Benedicti abbatis Massiliae contra errores haereticorum; Responsiones ad obiectiones et pictura Ioannis Hus, traktat kardynała Juliana Cesarini, Oratio ad convertendos Bohemos oraz traktat Jana de Bachenstein decretorum doctoris, Sermo in concilio Basiliensi. O tym że husytyzm jako prąd myślowy z ukierunkowaniem religijno-społecznym dotarł na Mazowsze, dobitnie świadczą przechowywane księgi i zachowane na nich wpisy marginalne i proweniencyjne, rozczytane przez Adama Vetulaniego jeszcze przed 1939 rokiem. Wprawdzie nie są to traktaty, które zajmują się doktryną Kościoła w ujęciu husyckim, co raczej polemiczne w stosunku do tego ruchu. Zatem książka rękopiśmienna w kręgu kościelnym (katedralnym) płockim w XIV stuleciu, poprzez swoją tematykę służyła również w obronie obowiązującej doktryny katolickiej, niż z nią prowadzonej polemiki. Jednocześnie poprzez wspomniane księgi widoczny jest fakt zainteresowania nowym prądem religijnym w znacznie odległym od ośrodka akademickiego krakowskiego - Płocka i jego duchowieństwa związanego z kapitułą katedralną.
EN
The study focuses on an analysis of the Old Town Judicial Books for Debts from the 15th century (Libri judiciorum pro pecuniam, Prague City Archives /AMP/, Collection of Manuscripts /Sbírka rukopisů/, sign. 997 and 998), which are a source kept as a series, which allows an admittedly limited but immensely interesting insight into the power, social and economic life of the town. Through their data, they make it possible to specify further some of the existing inaccuracies in the composition of town councils, to supplement the persons holding the post of Old Town magistrate, or to extend the number of entries on burgher surrenders. By observing the burghers, who attended the sessions of the courts opened in 1407 through 1413, allows us, however, to capture more precisely in a limited way the power and nationality conflicts, which were taking place in the town in the period before the outbreak of the Hussite revolution (1419–1434). Their analysis proves that there really was a definitive victory of the Bohemian side in 1408, which was led by Johánek Ortlův /Johanco Ortlini/ and Čeněk the cloth cutter /Czenco pannicida/. It seems that Johánek with his adherents became the uncrowned ruler of the town in 1408 through 1413 as was later managed in the post-revolutionary period by the brothers Jan and Pešík from Kunvald and some other burghers. Hence, we can see already in pre-Hussite Prague the beginnings of breaking of the existing habits in the internal administration of the town and its domination by only one interest group of burghers with a strong leader at its head.
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Hus v myšlení a tradici pravoslavné církve

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EN
The interpretation of Master Jan Hus has gone through significant changes in the Orthodox environment over the last 600 years. He was viewed as one of the initiators of the world’s Reformation movement in the 16th and 17th centuries. He was strictly condemned for this reason during this period in the writings of Russian Orthodox authors (as well as Luther, Calvin and Zwingli). The first radical change to this opinion occurred in the 19th century. Hus is portrayed in the writings of Slavophile authors as completely or almost entirely Orthodox. This understanding was resumed in renewed Czech Orthodox Church. It even resulted in a request for the canonization of Hus sent to the Russian Holy Synod in 1903 although the Russian Holy Synod did not respond to the question concerning Hus’ holiness. The Czech-Moravian Church of Saint Bishop Gorazd had a similarly ambiguous and cautious stance on Hus. This is also suggested by the liturgical texts for the feast day of 6th July and the prayer book entitled Lidový sborník. There are certain supporters of Hus’ canonization at present although their position is not particularly strong.
EN
The following article returns to the difficulties in identifying the Duke of Opole, the culprit in the attack on a student from Prague, Henryk Stange. To this end, the article refers to an article by Robert T. Tomczak, agreeing with the suggestion that there exists no sufficient evidence that Bolko V obtained a bachelor degree at the university in Prague. However, the article disagrees with the further claims made in Tomczak’s article, who argues that the culprit in the attack could be, in fact, Bolko IV, Duke of Opole. To support this dissent, the article proves that, contrary to Tomczak’s claims, the oldest son of Bolko IV was also identified in foreign sources as the Duke of Opole, even after he was given his own province (Głogówek). Moreover, the emphasis on the young age of Bolko V, which supposedly rules him out as a suspect, appears to be misleading. In addition, the author doubts the correctness of identifying the rambunctious duke as Bolko IV, considering the political situation at that time as well as later historical records. The author also points to the similarities between the description of Bolko V in the Annales Glogovienses - concerning multiple instances of reproof which ended with excommunication - and the actual excommunication of Bolko V’s father in the beginning of the 15th century.
PL
   The following article returns to the difficulties in identifying the Duke of Opole, the culprit in the attack on a student from Prague, Henryk Stange. To this end, the article refers to an article by Robert T. Tomczak, agreeing with the suggestion that there exists no sufficient evidence that Bolko V obtained a bachelor degree at the university in Prague. However, the article disagrees with the further claims made in Tomczak’s article, who argues that the culprit in the attack could be, in fact, Bolko IV, Duke of Opole. To support this dissent, the article proves that, contrary to Tomczak’s claims, the oldest son of Bolko IV was also identified in foreign sources as the Duke of Opole, even after he was given his own province (Głogówek). Moreover, the emphasis on the young age of Bolko V, which supposedly rules him out as a suspect, appears to be misleading. In addition, the author doubts the correctness of identifying the rambunctious duke as Bolko IV, considering the political situation at that time as well as later historical records. The author also points to the similarities between the description of Bolko V in the Annales Glogovienses - concerning multiple instances of reproof which ended with excommunication - and the actual excommunication of Bolko V’s father in the beginning of the 15th century. 
DE
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird auf das Problem der Identifizierung des Herzogs von Op‑ peln, des Täters des Überfalls auf den Prager Studenten Heinrich Stange zurückgegriffen. Man bezieht sich auf den kürzlich erschienenen Artikel von Robert T. Tomczak und seine Bemer‑ kungen zum Mangel an überzeugenden Beweisen dafür, dass Bolko V. den Grad des Bakkalau‑ reus an der Prager Universität erworben hatte, werden für richtig gehalten. Als nichtüberzeu‑ gend werden die weiteren Thesen des Forschers angesehen, laut denen der wegen Überfalls auf den Prager Scholar verurteilte Herzog von Oppeln mit Bolko IV. gleichgesetzt wird. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass der älteste Sohn dieses Piasten entgegen den Behauptungen dieses Historikers - in fremden Quellen - auch den Herzog von Oppeln genannt wurde, sogar dann, als er seinen eigenen Bezirk mit Oberglogau bekommen hat. Auch die Tatsache, dass man auf das junge Alter von Bolko V., das ihn angeblich aus dem Kreis von Verdächtigen wegen Überfalls ausschließt, verweist, scheint ganz verfehlt zu sein. Die Gleichsetzung des streitsüch‑ tigen Herzogs mit Bolko IV. wird zugleich für unwahrscheinlich gehalten, wenn man seine da‑ malige politische Situation und die weitere Geschichte berücksichtigt. Das Augenmerk richtet sich auch auf die Ähnlichkeit zwischen einem Teil der Beschreibung von Bolko V. in Annales Glogovienses - die die wiederholte Mahnung, die zum Kirchenbann führte, betrifft - und dem tatsächlichen Kirchenbann des Vaters von Wołoszek zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts.
EN
In January 1480, in the court of Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Włocławek a few burgers of Inowrocław were summoned to testify about local supporters of Hussitism. Over the ten months, more than a dozen people were interrogated whose testimonies shed light on the activities of small groups of Kuyavian Utraquists over the course of over half a century. Testimonies of individuals suspected of heresy and witnesses, as well as notes regarding other judicial activities, were recorded in separate documentation, which constitutes the preliminary part of the oldest court book of Kuyavian bishops (currently in the Diocesan Archive in Włocławek, under reference number 011). The article analyses the creation and structure of this documentation, and at the same time shows the role of the bishop, the cathedral chapter, and the papal inquisitor in inquisitorial operations against Kuyavian adherents of Utraquism.
PL
W styczniu 1480 r., przed sądem biskupa włocławskiego Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego rozpoczęły się przesłuchania mieszkańców Inowrocławia w sprawie miejscowych sympatyków husytyzmu. W ciągu 10 miesięcy przesłuchano kilkanaście osób, których zeznania rzuciły światło na działalność niewielkich grup utrakwistów kujawskich na przestrzeni ponad pół wieku. Zeznania osób podejrzewanych o herezję i świadków, a także zapiski dotyczące innych czynności procesowych zostały zapisane w wyodrębnionej dokumentacji, która stanowi wstępną część najstarszej zachowanej włocławskiej księgi biskupiej (Archiwum Diecezjalnym we Włocławsku, sygn. 011). Artykuł analizuje powstanie i strukturę tej dokumentacji, a zarazem ukazuje rolę biskupa, kapituły katedralnej, a także papieskiego inkwizytora w działaniach inkwizycyjnych przeciwko kujawskim zwolennikom utrakwizmu.
PL
Już od czasów św. Augustyna społeczeństwo średniowieczne było głęboko przekonane o związku herezji z diabłem, a heretyków często uważano za członków civitatis diaboli. W środowisku śląskim z podobnie skonstruowaną tożsamością religijną częściej można się spotkać w późnym średniowieczu, kiedy społeczeństwo śląskie stanęło w obliczu zagrożenia husytyzmem. Powyższe znalazło odzwierciedlenie w pracach ówczesnych kronikarzy (np. Petera Eschenloera, Caspara Borgeniego, Johannesa Frobena i innych). Opisy heretyków tworzone były zgodnie z istniejącą już tradycją chrześcijańską i w przeważającej mierze składały się ze stereotypów i toposów związanych z herezją. Artykuł skupia się na analizie strategii narracyjnych stosowanych przez śląskich kronikarzy i stara się wyjaśnić, w jaki sposób kreowali oni obraz heretyków, z naciskiem na rolę, jaką w tych opisach odgrywał diabeł.
EN
Since the times of St Augustine, the medieval society was firmly convinced about the connection between heresy and the devil, and heretics were often considered members of the civitatis diaboli. In the Silesian milieu, a similarly constructed religious identity can be more often encountered in the late Middle Ages, when the society was facing the threat of Hussitism. This was reflected in the works of contemporary chroniclers (e.g., Peter Eschenloer, Caspar Borgeni, Johannes Froben, etc.). The descriptions of heretics were created in accordance with the already existing Christian tradition and predominantly consisted of stereotypes and topoi associated with heresy. The paper focuses on the analysis of narrative strategies used by Silesian chroniclers and endeavours to explain how the image of heretics was created, with an emphasis on the role the devil played in these descriptions, therefore it analyses the relationship between heretics and the devil.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 7: Teologia ekumeniczna
105-119
EN
The article develops the thesis of Professor Stefan Swieżawski that Jan Hus, the Czech Reformer sentenced as a heretic by the Council of Constance and in consequence burnt at the stake, can be considered as a precursor of the Second Vatican Council. After a short historical introduction there is an analysis of those ideas of Hus that were reflected in the Vatican II documents Dei verbum, Lumen gentium and Dignitatis humanae. The arguments are completed by a description of the present Catholic approach to Hus and by indicating a possible re-interpretation of his person thanks to the great metanoia launched in the Catholic Church by Vatican II.
PL
W artykule rozwinięto tezę prof. Stefana Swieżawskiego, że Jan Hus, czeski reformator uznany za heretyka przez Sobór w Konstancji i w wyniku tego spalony na stosie, może być uznany za prekursora II Soboru Watykańskiego. Po krótkim wstępie historycznym następuje analiza tych poglądów Husa, które znalazły odzwierciedlenie w dokumentach Vaticanum II: Dei verbum, Lumen gentium i Dignitatis humanae. Wywody uzupełnia zwięzły opis współczesnego katolickiego podejścia do Husa, a także wskazanie, że nowe odczytanie jego postaci jest możliwe dzięki wielkiej metanoi, zapoczątkowanej w Kościele katolickim przez Vaticanum II.
PL
Artykuł niniejszy stanowi z jednej strony próbę znalezienia związku między tak zwanym skrajnym realizmem filozoficznym Johna Wiklefa a jego przeważnie heterodoksyjnymi, ale czasami również dość konserwatywnymi, poglądami teologicznymi i społecznymi. Z drugiej strony zawiera także próbę umieszczenia polskiego wiersza Andrzeja Gałki Pieśń o Wiklefie w kontekście filozofii Wiklefa, przy zwróceniu uwagi zarówno na jej bardziej abstrakcyjne aspekty, jak również jej praktyczne konsekwencje dotyczące sfery polityki i stosunku do hierarchii kościelnej. W szczególności interesuje autora sposób wykorzystania filozofii Wiklefa dla uzasadnienia postulatu radykalnej reformy Kościoła katolickiego w duchu husyckim i równie radykalnej krytyki instytucji papiestwa w oparciu o analizę legendarnych korzeni tejże instytucji.
EN
Among other things, the present article attempts to find a link between John Wycliffe’s so-called philosophical ultra-realism and his mostly heterodox, but also sometimes rather conservative theological and social opinions. It also attempts to interpret a Polish poem by Andrzej Gałka entitled Pieśń o Wiklefie [The Song of Wycliffe] in the context of Wycliffe’s philosophy, focusing on its more abstract aspects as well as on its practical consequences as regards politics and our attitude to the Church hierarchy. The author is particularly interested in the manner in which Gałka uses Wycliffe’s philosophy as the basis for a demand for a radical reform of the Catholic Church in the spirit of Hussitism and also for an equally radical critique of the papacy, founded on an analysis of its legendary origins.
EN
Artykuł dotyczy procesu prowadzonego przez Stanisława ze Skarbimierza przeciwko krawcowi Stanisławowi z powodu głoszenia przez niego nauk sprzecznych z doktryną Kościoła w kwestii ważności modlitw wstawienniczych za zmarłych, kultu obrazów świętych i słuszności potępienia Jana Husa przez sobór w Konstancji. Źródła ukazują ostatni etap procesu, zakończonego aktem rekoncyliacji i rewokacji błędów przez skruszonego heretyka. Teksty stanowią ważne świadectwo dokumentujące działania tzw. inkwizycji biskupiej w diecezji krakowskiej ok. 1420 r. The paper is concerned with the process directed by Stanislaus of Skarbimierz against tailor Stanislaus, who propagated views antithetic to the doctrine of the Church concerning the effectiveness of prayers for the dead, undermining the practice of worshipping holy images and the legitimacy of the denunciation of Jan Hus by the Council of Constance. The sources reflect the final stage of the process, completed with the act of reconciliation and revocation of his errors by the repentant heretic. The texts are important evidence documenting the activities of the so-called episcopal inquisition in the diocese of Cracow about 1420.
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Jan Hus – 600 lat później

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PL
W dniu 14 stycznia 2016 roku w holu Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej otwarto wystawę Jan Hus – 600 lat później, zorganizowaną przez Czeskie Centrum w Warszawie oraz Bibliotekę Jagiellońską. Otwarciu towarzyszył polsko-czeski panel dyskusyjny. Wzięli w nim udział ze strony czeskiej dr Petr Janyška i mgr Jakub Smrčka, a ze strony polskiej dr Paweł Nowakowski oraz dr Tomasz Graff. Ilustracje stanowiące ekspozycję wraz z tekstami w wersji polskiej i angielskiej umieszczono na 18 tablicach, ukazujących życie i działalność Jana Husa, jego edukację, aktywność uniwersytecką, pisarską, kaznodziejską i śmierć na stosie w roku 1415.
EN
The exhibition entitled Jan Hus 600 years later – organized by the Czech Center in Warsaw – was opened at the Jagiellonian Library on 14th January 2016. It was followed by a discussion panel, the Czech part of which was represented by Petr Janyška Ph.D. and Jakub Smrčka M.A., while the Polish part was represented by Paweł Nowakowski Ph.D. and Tomasz Graff Ph.D. The exhibition consisted of illustrations with explanatory notes in Polish and Czech placed on 18 boards showing the life and work of Jan Hus, i.e. his studies, his academic and literary career, his preaching and his death at the stake in 1415.
EN
This study explores the relationship between the metaphysical conception of the Church that can be found in Jan Hus’ treatise De ecclesia, and its possible social realization. The influences of this approach (Wycliffe and Augustine) are looked at, as are the problems that these influences bring with them. Hus’ conception of the church has broad social consequences, because Hus understands the church non-institutionally, i.e. as a collective organism of all who are predetermined for salvation. That is why, according to him, the Church is the pinnacle of all creation. If however we take this conception of the Church and the associated dualism between the Damned and the Church of the Chosen truly for what they are, and add in the eschatological expectation of the end of time and the coming of the Antichrist, then we might expect the revolutionary result of Hussitism. Lastly, the possible areas in which we can see Hus’ potential for broad social reform are shown.
CS
Tato studie se zabývá vztahem mezi metafyzickým pojetím církve, které nalezneme ve spisu Jana Husa O církvi, a jeho možným společenským uskutečněním. Je poukázáno na vlivy tohoto přístupu (Viklef a Augustin) a na obtíže, které tyto vlivy s sebou nesou. Husovo pojetí církve má celospolečenské důsledky, protože Hus chápe církev neinstitucionálně, tedy jako kolektivní organismus všech, kteří jsou predeterminováni ke spáse. Proto je podle něj církev vrcholem všeho stvoření. Pokud se však toto pojetí církve a s ním spojený dualismus mezi církví vyvolených a zatracenými vezme skutečně realisticky, spolu s eschatologickým očekáváním konce časů a příchodu Anti­krista, pak lze očekávat revoluční vyústění, které nastalo s husitstvím. Nakonec je poukázáno na možné body, ve kterých můžeme vidět Husův celospolečenský reformní potenciál.
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