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1

Burgher inventories from the years 1697-1795 in Cracow libraries

100%
Danowska E.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1
79-84
EN
The probate inventories described in the article (75 documents) list the property of Cracow burghers, mainly councillors, magistrates, merchants and craftsmen. The law required a physical inventory to be taken, therefore objects were described room by room. Probate inventories were usually very detailed; they recorded varied garments, vessels, furniture and household utensils, as well as the contents of a workshop or shop, if the late person was an artisan or a merchant. They specified the value of the registered objects, but also funeral expenses, debts and other liabilities influencing the value of the inheritance.
2

The inventory of the Ciecierski family estate from 1854

100%
Tomaszewski N.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1
98-112
EN
The document entitled 'A description of the condition of the grange buildings in Czartajewo on the 24th (12th ) of June 1854' was compiled in order to make an inventory and estimate the value of the estate inherited by Stefan Ciecierski (1821-1888) from his father Dominik (1782-1828) and older brother Justyn (1805-1829). During Stefan's minority the estate had been supervised by his mother Konstancja nee Grzybowska (1788-1857) , and two guardians: Onufry Pienkowski, an official of the Drohiczyn district, and Józef Lyszczynski, a former magistrate of the Main Court of the Bialystok Department. On the 12th of October 1853 Stefan Ciecierski married Maria Jadwiga Rzewuska and took over the estate, starting his thirty-five-year-long personal management of the family inheritance. Thus, we can suppose that the document in question was meant as an inventory and valuation of Ciecierski's property at the time when, as a mature and stabilised man, he replaced his mother as the manager of the estate. The document describes the granges in Czartajewo, Baciki, Moszczona, Piszczatka and Slowiczyn (the seat of the forestry inspectorate), and the ranger lodges in Dobitki, Moszczona, Baciki and Weremiejki. All those places are located in the vicinity of Siemiatycze, and the Slowiczyn grange is now within the administrative boundaries of this town. The document consists of two parts. The first one, entitled 'A description of the condition of the grange buildings in Czartajewo on the 24th (12th ) of June 1854' has been written on 10 sheets measuring 37 x 22.5 cm. It is supplemented with two additional sheets, measuring 34 x 21.5 cm, containing 'A description of ranger lodges'. The second part, showing a different handwriting, bears some crossings and corrections, but it is signed and sealed, so it was probably treated as the final version. Both parts are fastened with cord, whose ends are sealed to the paper with red wax. The seals are very well preserved. The discussed inventory is known to very few researchers, as is the whole archive of the Augustynowicz-Ciecierski family, comprising almost 1000 manuscripts and occasional prints from the 17th-19th c., which has been kept for thirty years now in the Museum of Agriculture in Ciechanowiec. The document is a valuable source of data concerning one of the richest and most influential families in Podlasie in the 19th century.
3

TROUSSEAU INVENTORIES OF JAGIELLON DYNASTY WOMEN AS A SOURCE TO STUDYING ROYAL COURT INTERIORS (Inwentarze wypraw slubnych z rodu Jagiellonów jako zródlo do poznania wyposazenia wnetrz dworskich)

80%
Brzeska A.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
3-18
EN
The article analyses four inventories of trousseaus belonging to women of the Jagiellon dynasty: Jadwiga, daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiellon, Sophie and Catherine, daughters of Sigismund I, and Catherine Habsburg, wife of Sigismund Augustus. The analysis is focused on the furnishings of court interiors (chapel, dining-room, bedchamber). The inventories list the furnishings of the court chapel and liturgical paraphernalia. They also give us some idea about the furnishings of royal chambers: the dining room and the bedchamber. As to the dining room, they list tableware and tablecloths. Among other details, the inventories mention the colours and patterns of the tapestries that decorated and insulated the royal chambers, and describe their furnishings: beds, bolsters, canopies and bed linen. The bedchamber was usually decorated in the favourite colours of the epoch: white, gold, black and, above all, crimson.
4

A Warsaw bourgeoisie household in the second half of the 19th century.

80%
Wiernicka A.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1
93-98
EN
The article is based on the probate inventory of Herman Epstein, one of the most active and prosperous businessmen of the Kingdom of Poland in the mid 19th century. Addressing very briefly the issues of career and family ties, only to signal that probate inventories can be a very useful auxiliary source in studying such problems, the paper focuses on the picture of everyday life culture and the organization of household space. The text guides the reader through the Warsaw house of the Epstein family, describing the number, types and functions of the rooms, as well as their furnishings, which reflected both the fashion of the time and the owner's taste. We can find out which rooms were the scene of family life, and which were used only sporadically, how family life intersected with Epstein's professional activity and how many people, family members and others, lived in the house. A detailed analysis of an inventory, which is a very special type of source, can reveal interesting data beyond the sphere of material culture, e.g. it can shed light on family relations or individuals' interests. Therefore, in this case, Herman Epstein, of whose life we know only plain facts, or Eleonora Epstein, of whom we know next to nothing, become real people with emotions and pursuits. The article is intended as a case study and it does not generalize about the whole social class represented by the family in question. The lifestyle of the emerging bourgeoisie awaits more complex and deeper research.
5

THE CREW OF ROYAL CASTLES IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND AT THE TURN OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD (Obsada zamków monarszych w Królestwie Polskim na przelomie sredniowiecza i epoki nowozytnej)

80%
Nabialek K.
Roczniki Historyczne
|
2008
|
vol. 74
113-156
EN
The article recreates personal crew of royal castles in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The oldest known listings of the personnel of 31 royal castles from the territory of the Polish state were utilized, found in inventories and ledgers of capitanates (starostwo), mostly from the late 15th and first half of the 16th centuries, which are rarely used by researchers. Treating the castle as the centre of royal estates and taking into account all its administrative and economic functions, practically the whole mechanism of managing the capitanate (or a set of royal estates) was presented. Within the permanent crew there were three categories of people: officials of the capitanate, servants, and military and police functionaries (including the military crew). The whole of the crew usually did not exceed 20 people, only exceptionally reaching 50 people (in several castles in the border areas). The military crew was quite small (typically 6-12 people). The majority of those living in castles were therefore civilians dealing with administrative and economic matters. Because of such small permanent crew, it was necessary to strengthen it in situations threatening the area from the outside (with peasants from royal estates and those of monasteries).
6

GENTRY MANORS AND THE WARDROBE OF GENTRY-WOMEN IN THE REGION OF ZAMOSC ON THE BASIS OF NOTARISED INVENTORIES FROM 1835-1876 (Dwory ziemianskie i garderoba ziemianek Zamojszczyzny na podstawie inwentarzy notarialnych z lat 1835-1876)

80%
Szykula A.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
19-29
EN
Notarial deeds have long been proved an excellent source to studying material culture and the history of civilization. Historians highly appreciate probate inventories as giving them insight into everyday life through lists of furnishings, utensils and household appliances. Polish research on inventories was initiated by Wladyslaw Lozinski, author of studies on the culture of the Lvov patriciate; his example was soon followed by specialists of various disciplines. Probate inventories have become a widely-used source of data on material culture, as is evidenced by many symposia hosted by The Institute of Material Culture of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the 1990s. In the last few years symposia on inventory research have also been held at the State Archive in Radom and at the Zamojski Museum in Kozlowka. In 2004 articles were published that are directly relevant to the topic undertaken in the present paper. The research presented here concerns the region of Zamosc in the period from 1835 to 1876; more specifically it is based on the records of the notary public Franciszek Strzyzowski from 1864-1876 and the notary public Michal Celejowski from 1835-1862. In the first half of the 19th c. the region was under the Austrian and then the Russian rule, which was increasingly repressive. In 1821 the town of Zamosc was sold by the owners of the Zamosc entail to the Russian-controlled government of the Kingdom of Poland, as a result of which Zamosc lost its status of a private town and became a government town. Institutions based in Zamosc were moved elsewhere; the management of the Zamosc entail was transferred to Zwierzyniec and the main town of the newly-created Zamosc county was Janow. Since 1821 the fortress of Zamosc was being restructured and the town saw an influx of soldiers and officials supervising the army. Many public buildings, churches and private houses were taken over and adapted for military purposes, which in fact led to their ruination. As a result of those political decisions, citizens of Zamosc suffered impoverishment and wished to secure their property by notarised deeds. Therefore, notaries noted a steady growth of the number of clients throughout the 19th c. The forty volumes of records left by the notaries Michal Celejowski and Franciszek Strzyzowski include one hundred and thirty testaments, among which there are seventy inventories of women's property. All women's inventories in the corpus were analysed; 97% of those were probate inventories or testaments, while 3% were inventories drawn up for the purpose of prenuptial agreements. The article quotes both most common items and the descriptions of rarely occurring objects. The discussion of furnishings and women's clothing takes into consideration the social class of their owners. The article has paragraphs on women's rooms, tastes, interests and financial situation. It also describes toiletries, cosmetics and sewing accessories used by the women of Zamosc, as well as their religious tokens. Finally, it describes how women passed their free time. Lists of the movables with which women surrounded themselves are miniature stories about tastes and in a wider perspective can be evidence of their owners' personalities and attitudes to life. The content of the list depended on many factors, including legal regulations, the occupation and personality of the owner. The inclusion or absence of various categories of objects in the inventories points to differences in the material standing of their owners. There are also items indicating that some women did not confine themselves to their household duties and had wider interests.
7

MILLS IN THE ROYAL DEMESNE OF MALBORK ON THE BASIS OF INVENTORIES FROM 1755 AND 1765 (Mlyny w Ekonomii Malborskiej wedlug inwentarzy z lat 1755 i 1765)

80%
Kizik E.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
397-404
EN
A relatively precise reconstruction of the system of mills in the area of Malbork can be attempted on the basis of the inventories of the royal demesne of Malbork. The publication of the Malbork demesne records has unfortunately stopped at volume five, which contains the inventory from 1711. Historians are familiar with the unpublished inventories from 1730, 1736 (Central Archives of Historical Records) and 1745 (the State Archive in Gdansk). The available source basis has recently been extended due to the discovery of two previously unknown documents. A particularly valuable one is an inventory of the Malbork demesne mills, written in 1765 in German. It is probably an official translation of an unknown Polish original, which was drawn up in connection with the last inventory of the royal demesne of Malbork before the partitions of Poland, made in 1764/1765. The article explores the significance of the inventories for research on the condition of mills in the period before the partitions. It is also pointed out that the preserved documents of very similar content, a Polish one from 1755 and a German one from 1765, provide researchers with a rare opportunity to compare technical terms used in the two languages in a situation of their mutual influence.
8

Rola zapasów w cyklu koniunkturalnym

80%
Sieroń A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 3(63)
44-57
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of inventories in the economy and in the business cy¬cle. Having compared the sensitivity of inventory investment and fixed investment to changes in in¬terest rates, the author rejects Blinder’s thesis that “business cycles are, to a surprisingly large degree, inventory cycles”. In other words, as a secondary category of investment, investing in inventories can¬not be the cause of a business cycle. The author concludes that inventories are an investment in the availability of goods, providing entrepreneurs with the necessary operational flexibility. The more flex¬ible the economy, the milder the business cycle will be. Thus, the paper argues that inventories are a stabilising factor in the business cycle. The author also proves that the predominant view in the mac¬roeconomic literature, according to which an inventory investment represents a destabilising factor in the production process, results from in-correct reasoning based on a no-time GDP equation and indi¬cates the lack of proper understanding of the dynamic market process.
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