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EN
The author showed a fragment of the Iliad referred to as the Catalogue of Ships, also called Beotia (Bojotia). The name of this part comes from the Beots, whose troops, arriving at Troy, were listed in the Catalogue as the first. The list contains in-formations about the Greek armed forces, rulers and chiefs of the Greek peoples who took part in the naval expedition and the war against the Trojans. It also determines the number of ships brought by the Greeks to Troy. Eager to go to war, they put themselves in Beocia near the city of Aulis where, on the Strait of Eurypus, a large port was located. It can also be assumed that the Catalogue of Greek troops begins with the army of Beocia because the ports of this land were chosen as the place of concentration of troops for the expedition against Troy. A collection of works called the Trojan Cycle was also characterized, which includes 29 books and from which only small fragments (epitomai) and summaries in the so-called Chrestomatia have survived. Despite such poor literature, they are an important source in reproducing the content of the Trojan cycle. The passage showing the Achaean army at Troy, which is a list of Greek nobility, is often omitted in the editions of the Iliad. However, for those studying the art of war, it is an extremely important record of Europe’s past.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza i interpretacja autorskiej wersji Iliady Homera napisanej w 2004 roku przez współczesnego włoskiego pisarza Alessandro Baricco. Oparł się on na tłumaczeniu Iliady autorstwa Marii Grazii Ciani. Reinterpretacja starożytnego poematu Homerowego stanowi, jak się wydaje, interesujący przykład próby uwspółcześnienia starożytnego dzieła literackiego. W artykule autorka analizuje oraz interpretuje treść i konstrukcję współczesnej wersji poematu, porównując ją z jej pierwowzorem oraz tłumaczeniem na język włoski Iliady, na którym bazował Baricco.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze and interpret the new version of the Iliad written in 2004 by the contemporary Italian writer Alessandro Baricco. He based his version of the text on the Italian translation of Iliad by Maria Grazia Ciani. The reinterpretation and reconstruction of the ancient poem of Homer by Alessandro Baricco seems to be an interesting example of an attempt to modernize an ancient literary work. In the article, the author analyzes and interprets the content and the structure of the contemporary version of the poem, comparing it to the original text of the Iliad and its Italian translation on which Baricco was basing.
RU
The author investigates an image of the old mentor Phoenix, the tutor of Achilles, formed by Homer in the ninth song of the "Iliad". The textual analysis shows the key areas of learning young people by older soldiers recommended by Homer through the image of the teacher of Achilles. The question of the role of the Phoenix in shaping the paradigm of a wise old teacher in the subsequent history of education and culture is discussed.
EN
Madeline Miller’s The Song of Achilles (2011) is an imaginative rewriting of Homer’s Iliad. The writer uses the strategy of transfocalization and enters the text from the point of view of Patroclus. His fresh look offers a new critical perspective both on the moral world of the epic and on Achilles, the great Greek hero whose complex personality and tragic hubris Patroclus observes with emotional understanding. Miller transforms the Homeric sparing narrative of the friendship between Patroclus and Achilles into a touch- ing love story built on their mutual devotion, and locates this narrative at the heart of a world of ruthless violence. This paper will consider the writer’s use of hypertextual adap- tation in the novel from the perspective of the change in the narrative focus of the source, and discuss her objectives and methodology.
PL
Starożytna grecka epopeja Iliada, zarówno w wersji pisanej jak i ustnej jako poemat heroiczny (lub jako poemat narracyjny) zajmuje poczesne miejsce w literaturze europejskiej. Jeśli jednak przyjrzeć się ogólnym aspektom ustnych poematów heroicznych, okazuje się, że Iliada nie jest ich typowym przykładem i wykazuje pewne cechy charakterystyczne. Świadczą o tym m.in. równe rozłożenie etapów życia herosa, tj. narodziny, próby, działalność oraz śmierć. Ogólny wzorzec przenoszenia życia herosa do poematu heroicznego w przekazie ustnym może być także zaobserwowany w takich dziełach jak Manas, Jangar, Gesar czy Mwindo.
EN
The ancient Greek epic Iliad, including the oral epic and the written epic, has enjoyed a solid status as a ‘heroic epic’ (or ‘narrative poetry’) of European literature. But if a reader takes look at the general aspects of the heroic epic of oral tradition, it turns out that Iliad is not a typical work of a typical epic, but rather an individual one. Because the birth, trials, performance, and ending of a hero’s life are divided relatively evenly, and the general pattern of transferring the hero’s life to the heroic epic of oral tradition can be found in such cases as Manas, Jangar, Gesar and Mwindo.
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