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Fonctionnement interlingual des mèmes humoristiques : entre création, interprétation et traduction

100%
Szeflińska-Baran M.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 48
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issue 4
21-34
EN
The article focuses on the multisemiotic functioning of Internet memes in communication through the web, focused, among other things, on a humorous effect. The role of the image, first of all, in the creation of the Internet meme and also in its re-application in a multicultural and interlingual environment seems fundamental. This iconic element is part of the large and varied number of relationships with other types of signs (linguistic, cultural, discursive). It seems that the question of the typological diversity of image-text relations (in the very broad sense of it) can be addressed from a variety of perspectives that involve not only a philosophy of translation, but also an approach to humorous communication on the Internet. The article aims to analyse the nature of the relationship that unites an iconic element with a linguistic element that constitutes the essence of the message conveyed by internet memes.
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Populism in Internet Memes. An Investigation with Analytical Approaches from Discourse Analysis and Multimodality

88%
Hultin Morger F.
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs
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2022
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issue 16
277-301
EN
This article explores if and how populist elements are expressed in Internet memes within German-language political discourses. This is done by conducting a data-based investigation rooted in the discourse historical approach and multimodality theory. Memes with varying political alignments are analysed with regards to how they express either of the following features of populist style: the appeal to the people vs. the elite, the use of bad manners, and the performance of crisis. Special focus is given to the political context as well as the semiotic resources used to convey populist themes. The findings of this study show that in order for populism to be analysed within memes a gradational perspective on populism is necessary. Applying this method, a diverse variety of populist characteristics can be found in memes, revealing the many possibilities of populist expression in this format.
3
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Internet Memes as an Example of Political Dissatisfaction of Poles on the Internet

88%
Kobierecki M. M.
Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"
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2014
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issue 9
243-269
EN
The article deals with the issue of Internet memes concerning politics. Internet memes can be described as humorous contents that are created and shared via Internet. They can be regarded as one of the ways of commenting on political reality, available to ordinary people. In the article examples of situations when activities of politicians received responses from Internet users using Internet memes have been presented. According to the main hypothesis, these entertaining contents can be regarded as examples of political activity of the Poles on the Internet.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia memów internetowych odnoszących się do polityki. Memami internetowymi można określić humorystyczne treści, które są tworzone i udostępniane przez internautów. Można je uznać za jeden ze sposobów komentowania sytuacji politycznej, który jest dostępna dla „zwykłych ludzi”. W  artykule przedstawione zostały przykładowe sytuacje, w których działania polityków spotykały się z odpowiedzią internautów przy użyciu memów internetowych. Zgodnie z główną hipotezą te rozrywkowe treści mogą być uznane ze przykład aktywności politycznej Polaków w Internecie.
4
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Memy internetowe jako odpowiedź na wizerunek kreowany przez liderów politycznych

88%
Żardecka A.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2018
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issue 1(22)
119-127
EN
The author of the article expresses her belief that the Internet memes is a response to the image of political leaders created during election campaigns. The image is seen as the entirety of the activities, characteristics and benefits that make up the candidate’s image, generated by them themselves. The analysis of the materials from the 2010 election campaigns shows that Internet users, using political memes, create their own ideas about politicians in a ludicrous way, at the same time commenting on their attitudes towards the social and political reality. On the example of a few candidates, the author sees dependencies which indicate an increase in the importance of my Internet presence in building the image of a politician.
5
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Cognitive mechanisms and emergent grammatical features in Internet memes

88%
Diedrichsen E.
Linguistics Beyond and Within
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2018
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vol. 4
22-37
EN
Internet memes of the type composed of an image macro and text, have a strong form-meaning correlation that is shared among users of social media. Their frequency of usage and the immediacy of their broad reach around the world make them an interesting field of investigation for linguistic studies. I will argue in this article that Internet memes resemble linguistic signs. Users develop a literacy, i.e. a command of their usage through convention and shared usage history. Popular Internet memes can be found in a multiplicity of variations, where details of the shown picture are changed, while the general mood or topic of the meme, mostly expressed in the caption, remains broadly the same. This article will discuss cases where the development of meme variations works along the lines of known cognitive mechanisms like metaphor and metonymy, and their prerequisites, like abstraction. Some meme variations can be represented as grammaticalisation paths that lead to the emergence of grammatical features like morphemes.
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Apocalyptic Visions of Conspiracy Theories on Slovak Internet Antisystem Websites

75%
Panczová Z.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 4
283 - 297
EN
Conspiracy theories belong to rumours which are specific for their theme - they speak about secret coadunations that influence different spheres of public interest. Albeit the following may not be a rule, such theories often express negative attitudes toward the existing system, understanding official state institutions, media and authorities representing the official discourse as representatives of this system. Non-confidence against the system is connected with visions about approaching catastrophe, or about gradual planned decline of society. The increase in popularity of conspiratorial interpretations is also supported by specific features of the Internet communication. Current “conspiracy culture” spreads mainly in cyberspace, while absorbing a wide spectrum of themes and motives interconnecting different spheres of ongoing events with ideas going back to the past. It creates a platform for attitudes and persuasions being excluded, which moreover form coalitions of opinion through a picture of the common enemy. The article tries to explain narrative and argumentation strategies, which unite different types of ideological persuasions.
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Fännikultuuri loomine koroonakriisis Eesti ja Valgevene jalgpallijuhtumite näitel

63%
Fiadotava A., Voolaid P.
Mäetagused
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2021
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vol. 79
55-86
EN
The comparative study analyses the relationship between sports culture and the COVID-19 crisis based on the case studies of fan groups in Estonia and Belarus. Sports and the COVID-19 pandemic are closely interconnected. In the Estonian case, the official analysis results testify that during the first COVID-19 wave in spring 2020 the most affected region in the country was Saaremaa Island, where the virus was literally blown into the air by fan bugles at the international volleyball competition held on 4–5 March 2020. Belarusian sports events did not have such dramatic repercussions, but there were also coronavirus hotbeds in several popular football clubs. The two countries had different approaches to sports events. In Estonia, as in most European countries, all sports competitions and games were banned from 12 March to 17 May 2020, during the state of emergency, but in Belarus, normal sports life continued (except in the cases when there was a COVID-19 hotbed in a sports club). While Estonian football fans were forced to stay home and wait for the games to continue, Belarusian fans, unlike the rest of the world, enjoyed championship games and stadium life. The unique situation in Belarus drew the attention of world football fans to Belarusian football. During the pandemic, most fan activities took place online, making social media the most appropriate environment for this joint study. In this article, we compare the activities of Estonian and Belarusian football clubs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyse how fan activities continued on Facebook. We also describe the general situation in the field of sports during the pandemic. Our analysis shows that the pandemic not only changed the communication pattern between clubs and fans (from real life to the virtual world), but also affected the ratio of parasocial and social interaction. Despite the different situations in the two countries, there was a tendency for football players and club representatives to interact with fans more actively than usual. New forms of fandom required new creative solutions and ways of communicating, which involved humour, (audio)visual media and an emphasis on positive agenda.
8
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Memy internetowe w świetle prawa autorskiego

45%
Rubisz S.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
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2018
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vol. 18
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issue 2
215-237
EN
Summary Internet memes are a relatively new kind of intellectual product consisting of a catchphrase, or a witty comment or expression, and a static or animated graphic motif. Te question which is of interest from the legal point of view concerns the bounds to the freedom to create memes and disseminate them on the Internet. Te problem should be considered on the grounds of copyright law in particular, because what makes up the essence of memeing is the use of other people’s creative work and sharing it with other users. To assess the admissibility of disseminating a meme we must determine whether other people’s creative work has been used to create it, and how far that borrowing has gone. In other words, we need to know whether a meme is an independent work, or a dependent work, the use of which is subject to permission from the original author (unless the duration of its copyright has expired). However, the question of liability for infringement is not limited to the provisions of copyright law; another aspect which should be considered is a review of the problem in the context of the protection of moral right under civil law, and the penalties envisaged for such offences under criminal law.
PL
Memy internetowe są stosunkowo nowym rodzajem wytworów intelektualnych, na które składają się chwytliwy zwrot, komentarz lub powiedzenie oraz statyczny lub animowany motyw graficzny. Z prawnego punktu widzenia interesujące wydaje się pytanie o granice swobody tworzenia i rozpowszechniania memów w Internecie. Problem ten rozważać należy przede wszystkim na gruncie prawa autorskiego, gdyż istotą „memowania” najczęściej jest czerpanie z cudzej twórczości i dzielenie się nią z innymi. Dla oceny dopuszczalności jego rozpowszechniania konieczne jest stwierdzenie, czy i w jakim stopniu do jego stworzenia wykorzystano elementy twórcze innych utworów. Innymi słowy, czy mem stanowi dzieło samoistne, czy raczej zależne, rozporządzanie którym uwarunkowane jest uzyskaniem zezwolenia autora utworu pierwotnego, chyba że czas jego ochrony już minął. Problematyka odpowiedzialności za ewentualne naruszenia nie ogranicza się jednak tylko do regulacji autorskoprawnej; konieczne wydaje się też rozważenie jej w kontekście ochrony dóbr osobistych powszechnego prawa cywilnego oraz sankcji przewidzianych w prawie karnym.
9
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Memy i pasty. Prawa autorskie do utworów publikowanych na forach obrazkowych

44%
Piasecki G. M.
Studia Prawnicze
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2018
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issue 1 (213)
147-174
EN
The popularity of image forums (so-called imageboards or chans) is growing on the Internet. These forums are distinguished by the mechanic and subculture aimed at anonymisation of users, encapsulation of the community and providing evanescence of published content. All these factors permanently prevent or substantially restrain a possibility of establishing the authorship of works that were published for the first time on chans. Present article is an attempt to explain to what extent works published on chans are subject of protection of the law and to what extent further use of these works is licit. The author considers the following three conceptions. Firstly, it can be assumed that those works all fully protected by law and the free use is inadmissible. Secondly, it is also justifiable to treat those works as orphan works or abandoned works. It can be finally assumed that works published on chans were released under a license similar to the Creative Commons license.
PL
W Internecie niesłabnącą popularnością cieszą się internetowe fora obrazkowe (tzw. imageboardy lub chany), których cechą charakterystyczną jest mechanika oraz podkultura dążące do anonimizacji użytkowników, hermetyzacji społeczności i zapewnienie efemeryczności publikowanych treści. To wszystko w trwały sposób uniemożliwia lub poważnie utrudnia ustalenie autorstwa utworu opublikowanego po raz pierwszy na chanie. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytania, w jakim zakresie utwory publikowane na chanach są chronione przez prawo i w jakim zakresie możliwe jest dalsze z nich korzystanie.
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