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EN
A few years ago Iwona Chmielewska, Torunian artist and creator of the picturebooks could speak that the hardest thing is to be a Prophet in his own country. She was the author much more known on the publishing market in South Korea than in Poland. However, her books gradually accustom Polish publishers and readers to their ineptitude, ingenuity, poetry and creativity. An article is a short analysis of the selected (including unpublished yet in Poland) books by Chmielewska for creative workshop of their author: ideas for an intriguing content, poetic image and the specific architecture of the whole picturebook as artifact.
EN
The article is dedicated to introducing Polish children’s books into the publishing market in Korea. Before the generation of translators completed their education at Polish Philology Faculty at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (founded in 1987), Polish works had been translated through different foreign languages. Poland is regarded as a country of interesting books for children, mostly because of the old tradition of Polish school of illustration, but also due to some illustrative works of young artists, or pictorial books such as the ones by Iwona Chmielewska. There are also interesting publications which came as the result of Polish¬ Korean cooperation – books that were created by Polish authors, edited by Koreans, published in Korea as Korean products. As cultural products created by many people from both countries (Korea and Poland) such books are able to cross the countries’ borders.
EN
Using critical analysis of literature and authopsy method, the author describes the various artistic means used by Iwona Chmielewska in her original picturebooks. The author divides these means into two collections, according to the way in which space is depicted. The first set contains artistic means present when space is depicted flatly. The second set contains artistic means present when space is shown three-dimensionally. The paper organizes knowledge on the selected part of the publication output of Iwona Chmielewska. The author refers to the findings of native researchers of the phenomenon of Iwona Chmielewska’s picturebooks. These include: Marta Baszewka, Anna Boguszewka, Alina Brzuska-Kępa, Małgorzata Howorus-Czajka, Marta Kotkowska, Magdalena Sikorska, Katarzyna Smyczyńska. Only picturebook publications published between 2004 and 2020 were included in the study.
PL
Autorka artykułu posłużyła się metodą analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz metodą autopsji, aby opisać różne środki artystyczne wykorzystywane przez Iwonę Chmielewską w jej autorskich picturebookach. Autorka dokonuje podziału tych środków na dwa zbiory, według sposobu ukazania przestrzeni. Pierwszy zbiór zawiera środki artystyczne zaobserwowane w przestrzeni ujmowanej płasko. Drugi zbiór zawiera środki artystyczne obecne, gdy przestrzeń jest ukazana w ujęciu trójwymiarowym. Tekst porządkuje wiedzę na temat wybranego fragmentu dorobku publikacyjnego tej artystki. Autorka odwołuje się do ustaleń rodzimych badaczy fenomenu picturebooków Iwony Chmielewskiej. Są wśród nich m.in.: Marta Baszewka, Anna Boguszewka, Alina Brzuska-Kępa, Małgorzata Howorus-Czajka, Marta Kotkowska, Magdalena Sikorska, Katarzyna Smyczyńska. Badaniom poddano tylko picturebooki opublikowane w latach 2004-2020.
EN
Thie article presents two works writen for young people, that is drawing out the subject of girls adolescence. The former is the picture book by Iwona Chmielewska Królestwo dziewczynki. Authoress tries to show within it how to cope with changes and emotions due to the passage from children’s world to kingdom of femininity. The latter is Pierwsze koty robaczywki by Karina Bonowicz, that shows in light and humorous way pitfalls of adolescent teenager. It appeared that only confrontation with carnality and pubescence can lead young girls to finding their own identity.Thie article presents two works writen for young people, that is drawing out the subject of girls adolescence. The former is the picture book by Iwona Chmielewska Królestwo dziewczynki. Authoress tries to show within it how to cope with changes and emotions due to the passage from children’s world to kingdom of femininity. The latter is Pierwsze koty robaczywki by Karina Bonowicz, that shows in light and humorous way pitfalls of adolescent teenager. It appeared that only confrontation with carnality and pubescence can lead young girls to finding their own identity.
EN
Iwona Chmielewska’s picturebook abc.de published in 2015 has been called a ‘dictionary’, ‘primer’, ‘ABC book’ and it has been compared to an encyclopaedia. Early-concept or concept books have been mentioned in its context, as well as the title of other books by Chmielewska, ‘thinking ABC’, this time as a specific name for a particular type of work. The terms ‘rebus’, ‘puzzle’, ‘riddle’, ‘intellectual game’ also appear frequently. All this together suggests how complex and multi-layered the book is and how much it draws on various forms. The aim of this article, therefore, is to look at what forms, in what way and for what purpose Iwona Chmielewska uses in abc.de and how it all relates to contemporary trends in the development of non-fiction picturebooks.
EN
A fragment of Krystyna Miłobędzka’s theatre play for children Na wysokiej górze. Commedia della lingua (1990) was published separately (2014, 2017) as a work of both Krystyna Miłobędzka and Iwona Chmielewska, an author of picture books. Chmielewska tones down the word play in Miłobędzka’s text. Instead, she introduces images of the poet at different ages, depicted in contemplative poses, and presents the character’s epiphanic experience beyond time and space. The images and the text constitute separate, sylleptic sequences. The meditative atmosphere of Chmielewska’s illustrations adequately conveys the worldview of Miłobędzka – a “linguistic” poet, who refers to the poetry of the Far East.
EN
In this article, Marta Kotkowska appeals to the category of the iconic turn and appoints insignias of picturebooks of Iwona Chmielewska. The researcher also analyses meanings of the artistic expression which author uses in her books. Relying on this characterization, Marta Kotkowska presents how this “in between” words and images works, and how, almost in the real time, it generates and transform meanings. In the description of the almost indiscernible and elusive relation between the word and the image which constitutes picturebook, the semiotic categories, such as the sign, the symbol and the visual metaphor are used. The editorial deliberations concerning the congeniality of analyzing projects are summing the whole article. They emphasize that Chmielewska creates every book even in the smallest detail and with full consciousness and that both format, cover and paper, and words and images, are significant.
EN
The author discusses the growing popularity of picture-books and gives a critical overview of the problems of the definition of the genre. He concentrates on the two recent works of Iwona Chmielewska which address the issues of the Holocaust, representing different approaches to the genre, experimenting with the book as a material and visual object, requiring non-linear reception and problematizing the word-image relation. The article also reflects on ethical issues of the Holocaust literature, which can be identified in the choice between realistic representation, metaphorical codensation and silence.
PL
Artykuł, poświęcony rosnącej popularności picture-booków i kłopotom z ich definicją, koncentruje się na twórczości Iwony Chmielewskiej, autorki związanej z tematyką Zagłady. Szczegółowo omówione zostają jej dwie książki, Pamiętnik Blumki (2011) i Dopóki niebo nie płacze (2016), reprezentujące różne odmiany tego gatunku, będące eksperymentami w poszukiwaniu nowych form książki jako materialnego i wizualnego obiektu, narzucającego nielinearny porządek odbioru i problematyzującego relacje między słowem a obrazem. Podjęte zostają również kwestie etyczne w literaturze o Holokauście, wyrażające się często w wyborze między realistycznym obrazowaniem, metaforycznym skrótem a milczeniem.
EN
A picturebook as an intersemiotic translation of a source text involves a complex process of negotiating and generating meaning by interpretation, selection and mediation. When there is a considerable time gap between the first publication of the source text and its translation into a new visual modality, additional concerns appear that further complicate the process. To what extent is modernization recommended or needed? How does the unfolding of social practices and historical change affect the generation of meanings? What are the illustrator’s loyalties? The dynamic development of multimodal (polysemiotic) texts leads to the reinterpretation and expansion of Jakobson’s classic category of intersemiotic translation. It is used in the study of visual literature, which raises methodological questions as to whether book illustrating is a translational activity. Today intersemiotic translation seems much closer to adaptation or “resemiotization” (O’Halloran et al. 2016) than to interlingual translation proper. Thus the study of discrepancies, shifts and changes, rather than the pursuit of equivalence, may offer new insights. A case in point is the artistic picturebook Jak ciężko być królem [How Hard It Is to Be a King] (2018) by Iwona Chmielewska, who provides a contemporary visual interpretation of the almost century-old King Matt the First (Król Maciuś Pierwszy) (1923). Written by a Polish-Jewish pedagogue, educator and writer, Janusz Korczak’s poignant and multilayered novel about a child king is a recognizable children’s classic with four English translations available. Drawing on desrciptive translation studies, the aim of the article is to analyze the picturebook at hand as an intersemiotic translation, mapped against the existing translation series. What are its translational and pictorial dominant features? What characterizes the artist’s multimodal strategies in representing the source text? How is the unsettling or ambiguous content mediated? Last but not least, the articles focuses on interdiscursivity to inquire how the societal and institutional context as well as the discourse of memory surrounding Janusz Korczak’s death in the Holocaust affect the meaning and where and how they ‘place’ the author and his child hero.
EN
For numerous years pedagogical conceptions have argued that art for children has the great potential as an educational medium. It can also be considered as a perfect tool that helps to develop child’s visual perception, which has a particular importance in contemporary culture saturated with visuality. The example of open access and valuable art for children (as well as adults) is a picturebook. The potential for this genre is hiding not just in visual and verbal massages but also throughout „architecture” of the book. All of these elements and relationships between them provide inspiration for activities in area of art education. However the contact which child at adult’s participation has with picturebook opens new space for own research, thoughts, interpretations and to ask questions. Hence it evokes a reflection on content hidden in images. There is an attempt in this article to recognise the important educational elements of the form and content of picturebooks on the example of the authorial work of Iwona Chmielewska. The visual characteristics and parts of the text has been presented in comarition to the basis education through art tasks by Herbert Read. This fundamental for theory of aesthetic education concept, in the context of transformations of culture in the 21st century, it acquires new meanings.
PL
Przez lata liczne koncepcje pedagogiczne dowodziły, że sztuka dla dzieci posiada niezwykły potencjał jako medium w wychowaniu. Można ją uznać za znakomite narzędzie pośredniczące m.in. w kształtowaniu percepcji wzrokowej dziecka, co we współczesnej kulturze przesyconej wizualnością nabiera szczególnej wagi. Przykładem ogólnodostępnej, a jednocześnie wartościowej sztuki dla dzieci (jak również dorosłego) jest książka obrazkowa (ang. picturebook). Potencjał tego gatunku kryje się nie tylko w przekazie wizualnym i werbalnym, ale także całej „architekturze” książki. Wszystkie te elementy oraz zależności między nimi mogą stanowić inspirację do działań w obszarze edukacji plastycznej. Jednak kontakt dziecka z książką obrazkową przy współuczestnictwie dorosłego otwiera także przestrzeń do własnych poszukiwań, przemyśleń, interpretacji i stawiania pytań. Tym samym wywołuje refleksję na temat treści ukrytej w obrazach. Celem artykułu jest próba rozpoznania istotnych wychowawczo elementów formy i treści książek obrazkowych na przykładzie twórczości Iwony Chmielewskiej. Wskazane cechy wizualne i przytoczone fragmenty tekstu książek odniesiono do sformułowanych przez Herberta Reada zadań wychowania przez sztukę. Ta fundamentalna dla teorii wychowania estetycznego koncepcja w kontekście przeobrażeń kultury XXI wieku wydaje się nabierać nowych znaczeń i nadal inspiruje licznych badaczy.
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