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1

MAKING A TOURISM DESTINATION ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL: PERSPECTIVES FROM TOURISM PROFESSIONALS AND NGO MANAGERS - THE CASE OF IZMIR

100%

Özgen I.

International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

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2013

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vol. 6

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issue 1-2

1-22

EN

According to WHO (World Health Organization) 15% of the world population has a sort of disability. The population of the disabled people is increasing due to aging population, wars, disasters and accidents. This situation leads the built environment and transportation accessibility as a basic need. The study has been conducted to identify how accessible tourism activities can be realized in a destination like Izmir, based on the point of view of tourism professionals and NGO’s working on disability. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed according to content analysis technique and classified as measures for accessible tourism destination.

2

Jewish Conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the Communities of Istanbul and Izmir Until 1856

75%

Bornstein-Makovetsky L.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 18

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issue 2

7-36

EN

This article is devoted to a comprehensive discussion of Jews’ conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the cities of Istanbul and Izmir, during the decade before the Hatt-i-Șerif of Gülhane, the first Tanzimat decree in 1839, until the Hatti hümayun decree of 18 February 1856. It also considers the attitudes of the Ottoman authorities and the Jewish communities toward this phenomenon, as well as the extent to which three missionary societies, the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, the American Board of the Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), and the Free church of Scotland mission, succeeded in prevailing upon Jews to give up their faith. The missionaries worked with the millenarian anticipations and looked forward to intensive activity which would result in the conversion of the Jewish masses. To achieve their objectives they relied on evangelical, educational and philanthropic activities, and on medical missions. The article discusses the motives and the social and economic status of converts to Christianity and those given Christian religious instruction, and describes the communities’ steps taken against Jewish conversion to Christianity in the 1820-50s. The article concludes that all three missionary societies that operated in the Ottoman Empire acknowledged the fact of their failure to achieve the goal of converting the Jewish masses, and took solace in those dozens who were converted through their efforts.

3

Procreation in the Sephardic Jewish Communities of Istanbul, Salonica, and Izmir from 1500-1850

51%

Bornstein-Makovetsky L.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2022

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vol. 21

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issue 2

37-61

EN

The desire to raise a family with as many children as possible was a major aspiration of Jewish families in the Ottoman Empire for centuries. Many halakhic responses and other sources address this subject and its impact on Jewish families and society. This paper reviews how Sephardic Jewish society in the Ottoman cities of Istanbul, Izmir and Salonica (Thessaloniki) grappled with the reality of barren men and women – which was quite common – from 1500-1850, and how Jewish courts resolved cases that involved men’s requests to marry a second wife in order to fulfill the commandment of procreation. It discusses how the desire to procreate was realized through the institution of marriage, the undesirability of single life, the age at marriage, yibum (levirate marriage), women’s desire for children, the impact of kabbalah on fulfillment of the commandments, contraception, fertility treatments, the effect of child mortality on parents, and how the longing for children affected the private life of prominent individuals.

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2 Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

1 International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

2 Bornstein-Makovetsky L.

1 Özgen I.

1 2022

1 2019

1 2013

MAKING A TOURISM DESTINATION ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL: PERSPECTIVES FROM TOURISM PROFESSIONALS AND NGO MANAGERS - THE CASE OF IZMIR

Jewish Conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the Communities of Istanbul and Izmir Until 1856

Procreation in the Sephardic Jewish Communities of Istanbul, Salonica, and Izmir from 1500-1850