Search results

1

Jürgen Habermas a utopie věčného míru

100%

Velek J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2004

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vol. 52

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issue 2

231-253

EN

The article is devoted to the legal and political philosophy of J. Habermas. In a number of steps which link up with each other, the author attempts to demonstrate that there is an internal dependence between Habermas' conception of 'domestic' (J. Rawls) and 'global' justice. Habermas' reconstruction of the circular methods of settng up facticity and validity of law can be understood as a basis on which we can construct principles of a just arrangement of legal and political system of a democratic state. Habermas' 'offensive' variant of the third way and his project of a federal EU follow from the crisis of the social state, which is caused by the weakening of the internal and external sovereignty of nation states in the processes of globalization. An integrated Europe should play an active role in the long-term and painful passage from a world system, which is founded above all on international laws based on sovereign nation states, to a world system which is founded on world-civic law and cosmopolitan democracy.

2

Dopuszczalność kary śmierci w ujęciu Tadeusza Ślipki. Kara śmierci rekapitulacją uprawnionej obrony

80%

Butowski K.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2010

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vol. 8

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issue 1

77-89

EN

The above article presents a critical analysis of a conception of limited admissibility of death penalty by Tadeusz Ślipko (restrained retention). Its essence is based on the fact that the victim of a wrongful aggressor has got the right to effectively defend his/her life. The source of such law lies in the absolute inviolability of innocent human’s life as a fundamental right of every man. In case of efficient act of aggression (cold – blooded murder), the state takes over the right to effectively defend the victim’s right of life by administering the perpetrator the death penalty (“life for life”).

3

Pomiędzy Lévinasem a Arendt. Odpowiedzialność, sprawiedliwość, władza sądzenia w aplikacjach Alaina Finkielkrauta

80%

Liszka K., Włodarczyk R.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 2

129-141

EN

The aim of the paper is to present Alain Finkielkraut’s work as rooted in philosophical thinking of Emmanuel Lévinas and Hannah Arendt. For this purpose authors emphasize the relationship between Finkielkraut’s analysis of the crisis of contemporary culture and his interpretation of Lévinas’s philosophical thought, as well as with Arendt’s. Authors focus on main concepts developed by Arendt and L´evinas, which, as they argue, became essential for Finkielkraut’s critical approach: otherness, responsibility, justice, understanding of politics, and public sphere. Authors argue also that Finkielkraut’s imaginative readings of Lévinas and Arendt are not only an important contribution to understanding of both thinkers but also testify to the originality of his work.

4

BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD AND COPING WITH INJUSTICE IN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

80%

Rovenská D., Daduľáková L.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 3

39 – 49

EN

According to the just world hypothesis, people want to and have to believe they live in a just world so that they can go about their daily lives with a sense of trust, hope, and confidence in their future (Lerner,1980). Justice can be seen as a key issue in intimate relationships. People want to be treated justly and consider justice to be one of the most important attributes of a good intimate relationship. Social justice research has shown that people respond with negative attitudes and behaviors when they perceive unjust treatment or situations. However, belief in a just world is associated with a positive coping style (Dalbert & Filke, 2007). The aim of this contribution is to examine the level of the belief in a just world (personal and general), find out which strategy is most used when people cope with injustice in intimate relationships, and analyze the relation between the belief in a just world and particular coping strategies. The results showed no significant relationship between the belief in a just world and coping strategies. The authors ´s findings are inconsistent with the Montada and Lerner study (1998), in which the belief in a just world was associated with constructive coping strategies.

5

TRANSNACIONALIZÁCIA DISKUSIE O SPRAVODLIVOSTI A EURÓPSKA ÚNIA

80%

Dunaj Ľ.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 1

64 – 68

EN

The European Union is facing new challenges, which it has to solve for its survival. In fact many of them have deeper roots and are at least partially originating in a misconception of European institutions. The economic crises 2008 accelerated the urgency for their solution. This paper focuses on three problems. First, it claims the necessity for a trans-nationalisation of the debate of social justice. Secondly, it shows that the rigid concept of a state’s sovereignty blocks the possibility to democratise the European institutions. And finally, that predominating Germany can cause the collapse of EU.

6

Kwestia sprawiedliwości w wybranych utworach kryminalnych. Kilka uwag

80%

Gemra A.

Prace Literackie

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2010

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vol. 50

129-144

EN

Justice is considered one of the most basic human rights and the need of it is considered one of essential factors of individual’s personal and social life. Although critics accuse criminal stories of propagating crime and making it attractive, they de facto satisfy the audience’s need of justice, the need that is not always satisfied in everyday life. Classic detective stories always end with villains’ defeat. One committing a crime must always be punished. Justice is not done to the whole society, as it happens in real life, but to a sufferer first and foremost. The penalty doesn’t have to be administered. Sometimes a criminal is penalized under common law, especially if he or she can’t be brought before court due to loopholes. The judgment and the sentence are in principle determined by “the natural moral law” because the evil is wicked by nature and not only when ruled by the court. An average audience of criminal stories is able to accept different excuses for punishable offences committed by a criminal, e.g. abusive upbringing or insanity, as long as they concern an already punished criminal. Punished adequately that is, basically, dead.

7

REFLEXIA VPLYVU ARISTOTELOVHO CHÁPANIA PROBLÉMU SPRAVODLIVOSTI V NAŠOM KULTÚRNOM OKRUHU

80%

Kalajtzidis J.

Konštantínove listy

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 1

110 - 120

EN

With the end of the ancient world, philosophical and ethical thought of Aristotle was also forgotten. Resumption of his ideas is connected with the high medieval period. In the early 12th century, only two of his works were translated into the Latin, and only in the second half of the century translations of other works began to appear. After the recovery of Aristotle by European scholars, his ideas started to spread quickly and became considerably important for various authors dealing with different issues. The main aim of this paper is the description of Aristotle’s notion of justice and its reflections in our cultural area. In accordance with this issue, the paper analyzes specific problems in the works of famous scholars from our cultural area in early modern period and shows how it was reflected and grasped.

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Prawo – nieodłączny towarzysz człowieka

80%

Sobański R.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2011

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vol. 4(12)

17-25

EN

The article constitutes an original and interesting reflection of an outstanding theoretician of law on law-man relations. The author shows an ambivalent attitude to law as a result of its appreciation, emphasizing at the same time an important role of law in the European civilization. Asking whether law is a good companion for man, Sobański admits that the very question is not purely abstractive as it derives from the observation of the reality. This ambivalence in relation to law is explained as the result of appreciating the very law. The history of law is at the same time the history of controversies around the notion of law and its nature. Though, the fact that law exists is not controversial itself. Law is understood differently and the way of conveying law (in an oral or written manner) is also different. The author underlines that law is a tool of justice, namely a means of executing justice. He refers to the representatives of the Roman law, and stops at the understanding of the statement “I have a right”, analyses Ulianov’s definition of justice (law can be a tool of justice if the will of justice exists). Next, he points to the pressure touching the whole law practice: law takes into account readiness for perceiving posteriori whereas it makes sense only when it is possible to execute this perception. He pays attention to the causes of discrepancies between law and life (lack of agree- ment when it comes to the notion of justice). His conclusion is that law is a good companion of man when he/she wants to live a peaceful life.

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Kulturní obrat v konceptualizaci a výzkumu sociálních nerovností: od rozdělování k uznání

80%

Sanderova J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 2

5-30

EN

This article concentrates on critical responses to the so–called cultural turn in the conceptualization and research of social inequalities, in which we can, inter alia, discern a shift of interest from the problem of distribution to the problem of recognition. In this context, the dispute about the justice of distribution and recognition, led by Fraser and Honneth, is discussed. From the sociological point of view Fraser put forward an analogy of an unsuccessful Lenski's attempt at synthesis of consensualist and conflictualist accounts of social order, whereas Honneth's conception resonated with the consensualist account of order, characterized by explicit emphasis on norms and normative consensus. The author of this article suggests that the resolution of this dispute about justice (or inequality) may be indicated in Lockwood's conception of the incongruence of the status and class order, which is, as is argued, closer to Honneth's approach to the problem. Lockwood's conception is extended here and employed in the argument, in which the author demonstrates that behind the increasing number of the so–called 'inadaptable' individuals within the societies of the EuroAmerican cultural area, which is endangering the integration of society, we can trace the attempt of the majority to sustain its privileged position through narrowing the definition of performance applicable at the labour market. The authoress thus, following Honneth's argument, comes to the conclusion that the threat to the integrity of contemporary society is to be thought of in terms of recognition and regards the cultural turn in the research of social inequalities in this context as valuable.

10

DAVID MILLER A JEHO GRAMATIKA SOCIÁLNEJ SPRAVODLIVOSTI

80%

Palovičová Z.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 9

763-775

EN

Due to remarkable transformations of the social reality, the concept of justice has been rediscovered in political discussions at the beginning of the 21st century. One of the objectives of the paper is to present Miller's model of a fair distribution as articulated in his book 'Principles of Social Justice' (1999). In this model the communitarian justification of the principles of social justice as well as their subject-matters are reformulated. Another objective of the paper is to show the relevance of this approach in solving social problems represented by hypothetical local situations.

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SOCIÁLNA SPRAVODLIVOSŤ V ÉRE GLOBALIZÁCIE

80%

Šabíková K.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2013

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vol. 6

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issue 1

14 – 23

EN

The article examines the issue of social justice. It highlights the shortcomings of reflections on justice based on the assumption that the extent of social justice is constrained by the boundaries of a nation state. The paper emphasises the necessity of modifying normative models of justice with regard to the process of globalization. The author’s reasoning is based on the current cosmopolitanism, especially on Darrel Moellendorf’s critical appraisal of the ideas of John Rawls. The aim of this paper is to analyse the specific lines of argumentation of selected theorists of justice they choose in clarifying the nature and origin of the commitments of global justice.

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ON LAW AND JUSTICE IN AN EXTRA-LOCAL SENSE (PASCAL AND LEVINAS)

80%

Kowalska M.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 2-3(20)

403-413

EN

In this paper, Pascal's and Levinas' reflection about justice is juxtaposed. Both authors share the conviction that justice is not reducible to any established legal order. For the latter is always local and particular. Justice in an extra-local sense, so-called true justice, transcends the existing order and legally binding laws. According to Levinas, questioning or even destroying the subjectively unjust order in the name of 'metaphysical desire' can serve to limit, but not to eliminate injustice. Pascal is however inclined to claim that the notion of justice has no positive content, therefore it is right and really rational to 'delude people' by not rejecting the existing order but by inculcating the belief that the status quo is just. Yet at the same time, Pascal will talk about the very rare and uncertain, extra-rational intuition of justice given to chosen ones in the act of unearned grace of God.

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Prowadzenie kontroli w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej – kompetencje Trybunału Obrachunkowego

80%

Łacny J.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2012

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vol. 57

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issue 5(346)

8-29

EN

The Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-539/09 Commission versus Federal Republic of Germany ruled that Germany failed to fulfil the obligation set forth in Article 248 paragraph 1-3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union by objecting to have an audit carried out by the European Court of Auditors. The audit examined the cooperation of administrative authorities in the field of value added tax in seven EU Member States. The German authorities objected to be audited indicating that the Court of Auditors had no competence to conduct the audit. The article presents the dispute on the case and comments on the ruling by the Court of Justice. The author focuses on those aspects of the case that can be of significant importance to Supreme Audit Institutions which, like the Polish Supreme Audit Office (NIK), act as external auditors in institutional structures of EU Member States.

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UNIVERSALISTIC'S CONCEPT OF CIRCUMSTANCES OF JUSTICE AND SCOPES OF ITS PRACTICAL USE (Universalistska kontseptsia obstavyn spravedlyvosti ta mezhi yii praktychnoho vykorystannia)

70%

Kiryukhin D.

Філософська Думка

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2010

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issue 4

76-86

EN

The main theme of the article is formation of the theory of justice that could help in solving the applied ethics' problem (such as gender equality, death lethal injection, the death penalty etc.). Two paradigms in modern theory of justice - universalism and contextualism - are analyzed from the viewpoint of this approach. Circumstances of justice are one of the basic principles of universalistic paradigm. But on the basis of this principle one cannot give the answer to the problems which applied ethics confronts with. Contextualist paradigm considers justice in the context of certain social practice. As we can see, the comprehension of justice as the rule that determines the social practices of exchange, punishment, distribution and recognition enables to solve the applied ethics problems. The theory of justice that is developed within the framework of the contextualist's paradigm has a great potential.

15

Problém „chůvy“ ve feminismu

70%

Tronto J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

3-11

EN

Are social movements responsible for their unfinished agendas? Feminist successes in opening the professions to women paved the way for the emergence of the upper middle-class two-career household. These households sometimes hire domestic servants to accomplish their child care work. If, as I shall argue, this practice is unjust and furthers social inequality, then it poses a moral problem for any feminist commitment to social justice.

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K FILOZOFICKÝM VÝCHODISKÁM SÚČASNÝCH MODELOV ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI

70%

Smolková E.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2019

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vol. 74

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issue 8

637 – 651

EN

Most of us understand health care as a system in which certain values and moral standards must apply. We will try to grasp different types of health care systems, the way they work and, above all, specify how the systems differ from one another. We will investigate the issue of the access to health care and we will show how the theoretical and practical approaches to health issues intersect and influence each other. We will try to explain why this occurs on the background of socio-political theories and concepts that currently resonate in this area. Different theoretical bases as well as different approaches to health care require systematization and specification of criteria of differences, so that we can orientate ourselves in these issues and know the basic approaches that are present in contemporary health care. The point is, however, to show how moral approaches and moral judgments affect the methods and methodologies that are used in relation to these issues and how this may impact on the practical delivery of health care.

17

GLOBÁLNA NEROVNOSŤ: SPRAVODLIVOSŤ A PRÁVO V PODMIENKACH GLOBALIZÁCIE

70%

Hohoš L.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 3

219-228

EN

The economic process called globalization brings about an extreme growing of global inequality. Problems of distributive justice and the possibilities of applying law become topical in our days. In the author's view the globalization takes place in accordance with Marx's intuitive comprehension of capitalism, whose development puts into operation its tacit immanent self-destructive mechanisms. It is necessary to go back to Marx and his theories of globalization and justice, and to examine, if they are applicable in present situation. The attention is paid especially to Rawls' resolving the problem of public conception of justice, as well as to Dahrendorf's conception of the global supremacy of law. In this connection further possible globalization scenarios are examined, such as those of E. Bondy and J. Keller.

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Wpływ „bona fides” na odpowiedzialność sprzedawcy za wady towaru w prawie rzymskim

70%

Chodań K.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2012

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vol. 5(13)

17-30

EN

The basis of the consensus buy-sell agreement was the bona fides of both parties. When making an agreement, both a buyer and seller were required to be careful because any manifes- tations of inadequacy and dishonesty grew a property liability of both parties. Client’s careless behavior could consist in a conscious action to the detriment of the partner (dolus), as well as negligence (neglegentia). Judges have referred to the term bona fides since the second century BC when evaluating the situation in which making an agreement was connected with dishonesty of one of the parties, and a conscious harm done to the second client, in order to justify the overruling of the client’s obli- gation, to signify such carefulness that reflects the scope of agreement liability typical in a given case. Each of such behaviours could be defined as incongruent with bona fides. Such adjudications were to serve the protection against damage resulting from agreement making, providing honesty of the turnover via increasing the scope of liability and excluding the advantage of the one making an agreement conscious of doing harm to the client. The process of charging the seller with liability irrespective of his/her good or bad intentions if provided the buyer with defective goods the existence of which the buyer was not aware of has been traced since Justinian’s times. Taking into account the role of bona fides when evaluating a buying-selling agreement and principles concerning seller liability one can make a statement that bona fides played a Basic role in a Roman emptio — venditio agrement.

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SONDY DO HODNOTOVEJ PLATFORMY BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE A JEJ ODKAZ PRE SÚČASNÚ EURÓPSKU HODNOTOVÚ ORIENTÁCIU. NÁČRT PROBLEMATIKY

70%

Pružinec T.

Konštantínove listy

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2019

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vol. 12

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issue 2

135 – 147

EN

This article presents the issue of the value platform of Byzantine philosophy. It begins with polemics about the possibility itself of opening a debate concerning such a theme. It focuses on delimitation and complications of the research of a value platform of Byzantine philosophy and – at the same time – it looks for chances of its detection. Attention is paid to the field of culture and semantics of the terminological apparatus. A great importance is given to the reflection on the philosophical expression of cosmos as well as on the meaning of terms like “synergic” and “ecumenic”. The final part of the article refers to the possible message of the platform of values of Byzantine philosophy for contemporary European value orientation and its direction.

20

SENZITIVITA VOČI NESPRAVODLIVOSTI VO VZŤAHU K ODPUSTENIU V PARTNERSKÝCH VZŤAHOCH

70%

Rovenská D., Kozmová S.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 3

-

EN

Justice judgments could depend on relatively stable individual differences in attitudes, beliefs, and personality factors. For example, individuals can differ consistently across time and situations in how easily they perceive procedures or distributions as unfair (Schmitt & Dörfel, 1999). In other words, people can differ in justice sensitivity. Many studies on justice sensitivity mentioned thus far have measured this construct from a victim’s perspective. In the area of social justice research, numerous studies have shown that a considerable amount of variation in people’s reactions is due to justice-related dispositions such as justice sensitivity and victim’s perspective. As Schmitt et al. (2005) argued, justice sensitivity from a victim’s perspective represents a mixture of genuine concern for justice along with intolerance regarding its violation as well as a strong motive for self-protection. Besides, factor as a gender could be also significant, because of its effect on tendency to forgive injustice. The literature indicates that females are more forgiving than males. This may be a result of gender role socialization. Men are typically encouraged to suppress most emotions, except for aggressive ones, while on the other hand, women are expected to respond to offenses with understanding, compassion, and empathy (Gault & Sabini, 2000). The aim of this contribution was to examine relations between justice sensitivity from a victim’s perspective and forgiveness. 130 respondents (67 women and 63 men) with the average age of 22.35 years (SD = 1.83) answered the questions measuring victim sensitivity by Justice Sensitivity Inventory (Schmitt et al., 2010) and individual dispositional forgiveness (person´s tendency to forgive (1) him/herself; (2) other people, and (3) situation) by Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005). The results showed significant gender differences in tendency to forgive (t(128) = -4.055; p <0.001). Generally, women were more forgiving than men (M(women) = 4.14, SD = 0.53; M(men) = 3.88, SD = 0.36). Furthermore, justice sensitivity from a victim’s perspective was in a relation with forgiveness. Specifically, significant negative relationship between justice sensitivity from a victim’s perspective and tendency to forgive other people was shown among men (r = -0.586; p < 0.001). Significant negative relationship between justice sensitivity from a victim’s perspective and tendency to forgive herself (r = -0.289; p = 0.018) and tendency to forgive other people (r = -0.370; p < 0.001) was shown among women.

Refine search results

Jürgen Habermas a utopie věčného míru

Dopuszczalność kary śmierci w ujęciu Tadeusza Ślipki. Kara śmierci rekapitulacją uprawnionej obrony

Pomiędzy Lévinasem a Arendt. Odpowiedzialność, sprawiedliwość, władza sądzenia w aplikacjach Alaina Finkielkrauta

BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD AND COPING WITH INJUSTICE IN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

TRANSNACIONALIZÁCIA DISKUSIE O SPRAVODLIVOSTI A EURÓPSKA ÚNIA

Kwestia sprawiedliwości w wybranych utworach kryminalnych. Kilka uwag

REFLEXIA VPLYVU ARISTOTELOVHO CHÁPANIA PROBLÉMU SPRAVODLIVOSTI V NAŠOM KULTÚRNOM OKRUHU

Prawo – nieodłączny towarzysz człowieka

Kulturní obrat v konceptualizaci a výzkumu sociálních nerovností: od rozdělování k uznání

DAVID MILLER A JEHO GRAMATIKA SOCIÁLNEJ SPRAVODLIVOSTI

SOCIÁLNA SPRAVODLIVOSŤ V ÉRE GLOBALIZÁCIE

ON LAW AND JUSTICE IN AN EXTRA-LOCAL SENSE (PASCAL AND LEVINAS)

Prowadzenie kontroli w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej – kompetencje Trybunału Obrachunkowego

UNIVERSALISTIC'S CONCEPT OF CIRCUMSTANCES OF JUSTICE AND SCOPES OF ITS PRACTICAL USE (Universalistska kontseptsia obstavyn spravedlyvosti ta mezhi yii praktychnoho vykorystannia)

Problém „chůvy“ ve feminismu

K FILOZOFICKÝM VÝCHODISKÁM SÚČASNÝCH MODELOV ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI

GLOBÁLNA NEROVNOSŤ: SPRAVODLIVOSŤ A PRÁVO V PODMIENKACH GLOBALIZÁCIE

Wpływ „bona fides” na odpowiedzialność sprzedawcy za wady towaru w prawie rzymskim

SONDY DO HODNOTOVEJ PLATFORMY BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE A JEJ ODKAZ PRE SÚČASNÚ EURÓPSKU HODNOTOVÚ ORIENTÁCIU. NÁČRT PROBLEMATIKY

SENZITIVITA VOČI NESPRAVODLIVOSTI VO VZŤAHU K ODPUSTENIU V PARTNERSKÝCH VZŤAHOCH