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Éowyn and the Biblical Tradition of a Warrior Woman

100%
Filipczak D.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
|
2017
|
issue 7
405-415
EN
The article discusses the portrayal of Éowyn in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings in the light of the biblical tradition of the warrior woman. The author focuses on the scene in which Éowyn slays the Nazgûl Lord in the battle of the Pelennor Fields with the help of Meriadoc. This event is juxtaposed against the biblical descriptions of female warriors, in particular Jael and Judith. A detailed analysis of passages from the King James Bible and the Douay-Rheims Bible, with which Tolkien was familiar, allows the reader to detect numerous affinities between his vocabulary and imagery, and their biblical antecedents. Filipczak contends that, by defending the body of the dying Théoden, Éowyn defends the whole kingdom; her action can be interpreted in the light of The King’s Two Bodies by Ernst Kantorowicz. Her threat to the Ringraith (“I will smite you if you touch him”) makes use of the verb that can be found in the descriptions of Jael and Judith in the Protestant and Catholic Bibles respectively. Furthermore, Éowyn’s unique position as a mortal woman who achieves the impossible and thus fulfills the prophecy paves the way for a comparison with the Virgin Mary, whose Magnificat contains elements of “a holy-war song” which were suppressed by traditional interpretations. Consequently, the portrayal of Éowyn blends the features of Jael, Judith and Mary with allusions to St. Joan of Arc. Moreover, her act of slaying the Ringraith’s fell beast reinterprets the story of St. George and the dragon. Filipczak argues that Éowyn’s uniqueness is additionally emphasized because she acts out Gandalf’s words from Minas Tirith and sends the Nazgûl Lord into nothingness.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Éowyn and the Biblical Tradition of a Warrior Woman

100%
Filipczak D.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
|
2017
|
issue 7
405-415
EN
The article discusses the portrayal of Éowyn in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings in the light of the biblical tradition of the warrior woman. The author focuses on the scene in which Éowyn slays the Nazgûl Lord in the battle of the Pelennor Fields with the help of Meriadoc. This event is juxtaposed against the biblical descriptions of female warriors, in particular Jael and Judith. A detailed analysis of passages from the King James Bible and the Douay-Rheims Bible, with which Tolkien was familiar, allows the reader to detect numerous affinities between his vocabulary and imagery, and their biblical antecedents. Filipczak contends that, by defending the body of the dying Théoden, Éowyn defends the whole kingdom; her action can be interpreted in the light of The King’s Two Bodies by Ernst Kantorowicz. Her threat to the Ringraith (“I will smite you if you touch him”) makes use of the verb that can be found in the descriptions of Jael and Judith in the Protestant and Catholic Bibles respectively. Furthermore, Éowyn’s unique position as a mortal woman who achieves the impossible and thus fulfills the prophecy paves the way for a comparison with the Virgin Mary, whose Magnificat contains elements of “a holy-war song” which were suppressed by traditional interpretations. Consequently, the portrayal of Éowyn blends the features of Jael, Judith and Mary with allusions to St. Joan of Arc. Moreover, her act of slaying the Ringraith’s fell beast reinterprets the story of St. George and the dragon. Filipczak argues that Éowyn’s uniqueness is additionally emphasized because she acts out Gandalf’s words from Minas Tirith and sends the Nazgûl Lord into nothingness.
3
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Debora i Jael naprzeciwko Baraka i Sisery: O rolach genderowych w Księdze Sędziów 4,1-24

81%
Slawik J.
Collectanea Theologica
|
2020
|
vol. 90
|
issue 4
39-80
EN
The story of Deborah in Judg 4 provokes a question about gender roles of the four main female and male characters. Although Deborah and Yael are shown in the traditional role of a wife, almost all their activities go beyond the gender roles which are attributed to women. They go into “masculine” social domains of activity: judiciary, commanding an army, and killing an enemy. They both act not only wisely, but also according to God’s saving will. In contrast, masculine characters or heroes are exposed to ridicule and humiliated: they are put in “unmanly” roles as dependent, frightened, and in need of care. Finally, the male warrior Sisera is cunningly killed by a woman armed only with household objects. The story is a gender critique of roles attributed to both sexes, especially to women.
PL
Opowiadanie o Deborze Sdz 4 zmusza do postawienia pytania o role genderowe jego bohaterek i bohaterów. Choć Debora i Jael przedstawione zostały w tradycyjnej roli żony, to praktycznie cała ich aktywność wykracza poza role przypisywane kobietom, gdyż zajmują „męskie” domeny aktywności społecznej: sądownictwo, prowadzenie bitwy, zgładzenie wroga. Obie postępują nie tylko mądrze, ale i zgodnie z Bożymi, zbawczymi zamiarami. Natomiast męscy bohaterowie zostają ośmieszeni i zhańbieni – umieszczeni w „nie-męskich” rolach jako niesamodzielni, bojaźliwi, domagający się opieki. Ostatecznie, mężczyzna-wódz Sisera zostaje podstępnie zabity ręką kobiety wyposażonej w sprzęty domowe. Opowiadanie to jest zatem genderową krytyką ról przypisywanych płciom, przede wszystkim kobietom.
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