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PL
In the Lviv theater headed by Jan Nepomucen Kamiński, Friedrich Schiller’s The Robbers was part of a theater campaign of Romanticism; even though it was cautious due to censorship and long-winded, the Lviv entrepreneur produced an important staging not only considering the selection of the play itself, but also in staging choices and especially in acting ones. Kamiński’s 1817 (or earlier) translation determined the shape of the German Sturm und Drang masterpiece for Polish theaters for many years. It also influenced the way later translations were staged. A copy preserved in the Lviv Theater Library in Katowice dates from 1864. Although Kamiński’s translation was based on an abridged and revised German version of the drama, prepared in 1781 for a theater in Mannheim and published there, the analyzed copy also contains references suggesting the use of the canonical edition, known from the original printing of the drama and its subsequent editions authorized by Schiller. This late copy, bearing the traces of numerous interventions, though some were probably obliterated by the copyist, suggests original staging solutions that may have been made by the first translator and stage adaptor himself.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
271-285/286-300
SI
V bogatem prevodnem opusu Toneta Pretnarja je tudi 14 sonetov Jana Nepomucena Kamińskega, pomembnega organizatorja poljskega gledališkega in kulturnega življenja v Lvovu v 1. polovici 19. stoletja. Leta 1827 napisane sonete je tedanja kritika zavrnila, večje pozornosti pa jim ne namenja niti poznejša literarna zgodovina. Pretnar se je za njihov prevod odločil (po lastni izjavi) zaradi avtorjevih tesnih zvez z Matijem Čopom, pomembno osebnostjo slovenske intelektualne in umetniške scene istega obdobja. A medtem ko so bile Kamińskemu očitane (poleg kompozicijskih težav) tudi jezikovne slabosti, so Pretnarjevi prevodi jezikovno čisti in lepo tekoči. Pozornost pritegnejo 'prešernizmi': citati in aluzije na pesniški jezik največjega slovenskega ro‑ mantika Franceta Prešerna. Z njimi je prevajalec svoj prevod uspešno umestil v čas, v katerega je (kljub nekaterim poznejšim poskusom oživitve zanimanja) ostal zaprt original. Ni pa izključeno (čeprav ostane bralcu, ki ozadij literarne zgodovine ne pozna, skrito), da so 'prešernizmi' tudi genialna prevajalčeva rešitev, kako v prevodu realizirati to, kar so nekateri kritiki videli (ali hoteli videti) v originalu: parodijo lirike najpomembnejšega poljskega pesnika dobe, Adama Mickiewicza.
EN
The extensive translation work of Tone Pretnar includes within it the fourteen sonnets of Jan Nepomucen Kamiński, an important organiser of the Polish theatre and cultural life in Lvov in the first half of the nineteenth century. The sonnets, which were written in 1827, were rejected by critics of the period, and were not afforded any greater attention by later literary historians. According to his own account, Pretnar decided to undertake the translation of these works due to the author’s close links with Matija Čop, an important figure in the intellectual and artistic scene of that time. While Kamiński’s works were criticised for their linguistic and compositional fail‑ ings, Pretnar’s translations are linguistically pure and flow with inherent beauty. Attention is often focused on those elements within them that are reminiscent of Prešeren — namely quotations and allusions to the poetic language of the greatest Slovene romantic poet, France Prešeren. With these elements, the translator succeeded in firmly placing his translation in a time, interest in which (apart from some subsequent attempts to revitalise interest) remained, like the sonnets themselves, restricted and confined. Nor can it be ruled out (even though for the reader who is unaware of the literary and historical background it may not be immediately apparent) that those elements that are reminiscent of Prešeren also in fact represent the translator’s ingenious solution to the problem as to how best realise in translation the very elements which some critics had seen (or wanted to see) in the original: namely, a lyric parody of the greatest Polish poet of that period, Adam Mickiewicz.
EN
The primary purpose of this article is to present a practical example of translation criticism through the use of Alexander Batowski's 1831 critique of Jan Nepomucen Kamiński's translation of Friedrich Schiller's poem, Die Ideale. The first part of the article discusses the differences between the 19th century's concept of translation and current trends; it also presents an introduction to the work of both a long-forgotten translator and his critic. Through analysis of Batowski's criticism, there is an attempt first of all to separate the critic's motivation, and then, to define the principles he uses to support his arguments. From this perspective, the article shows the way in which Batowski judges language and stylistic elements in Kamiński's translation. Through the article's historical approach to the problem of translation and translation criticism, it is possible to gain insight into the reception of Schiller's work in Poland in the 19th century.
DE
Im Zentrum des Artikels steht eine Übersetzungskritik, die Aleksander Batowski im Jahre 1831 zur polnischen Übersetzung von Friedrich Schillers Gedicht Die Ideale (von Jan Nepomucen Kamiński) verfasste. Im ersten Teil des Artikels wird dabei auf die im Vergleich zu heute unterschiedliche Übersetzungskonzeption des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts hingewiesen, außerdem werden Kritiker und Übersetzer - beide heute weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten - kurz vorgestellt. Die Analyse von Batowskis Kritik selbst versucht insbesondere seine Motive und seine Grundlagen, auf die er seine Argumente stützt, herauszuarbeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird beschrieben, wie er Kamińskis Übersetzung sprachlich und stilistisch bewertet. Der Artikel erlaubt somit nicht nur einen Einblick in die Rezeption Schillers im Polen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts, sondern ermöglicht außerdem eine Annäherung an die Problematik von Übersetzung und Übersetzungskritik in ihrer historischen Dimension.Schlüsselwörter: Aleksander Batowski, Jan Nepomucen Kamiński, Friedrich Schiller, Übersetzungskritik 19. Jahrhundert, literarische Übersetzung 19. Jahrhundert.
PL
Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest wypowiedź krytyczna na temat przekładu - napisana przez Aleksandra Batowskiego w roku 1831 na temat polskiego tłumaczenia wiersza Friedricha Schillera Die Ideale autorstwa Jana Nepomucena Kamińskiego. W pierwszej części artykułu pokazano odmienne od dzisiejszego rozumienie przekładu w początkach XIX w., przedstawione zostają także osoby krytyka i tłumacza, postaci dzisiaj zapomniane. Analiza krytyki Batowskiego stara się zrekonstruować motywy oraz podstawy, na których opiera on swoją argumentację. Na tym tle pokazane jest, jak Batowski ocenia przekład Kamińskiego pod kątem jego stylistyki oraz języka. Artykuł ukazuje również sposób recepcji dzieł Schillera w Polsce w XIX w., daje także wgląd w problematykę przekładu i krytyki przekładu w ich wymiarze historycznym.
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