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EN
The article overviews the evolution of The Art of Translation by Jiří Levý starting with the genesis of the original Czech version, which can be considered the culmination of the author’s academic career. The first foreign languages the book was translated into were German and Russian. Since the Czech original was strongly imbedded in the Czech culture and literature, the translation required adaptations to the target cultures. The paper aims to trace the translation process of Levý’s publication with the main focus on its German version. Together with the Czech original, this version served as the basis for the second Czech edition. the final part of the article focuses on the international reception of Levý’s masterpiece and introduces its recent translations into foreign languages.
EN
The paper focuses on analysis of the Czech original work Umění překladu (The Art of Translation) in comparison with its German translation. The Czech original came out in 1963 and it soon became an object of widespread international attention. It was first translated into German in 1969. Since the Czech original was largely based on Czech culture and literature, the translation required adaptation for the German readership, including extensive editing on linguistic as well as pragmatic levels. This was done by the author together with the German translator Walter Schamschula. The article overviews the genesis of the German translation and compares the two versions, mainly focusing on translation problems met and shifts made during the translation process.
EN
This paper compares the translation theories of Otokar Fischer (1883–1938) and Jiří Levý (1926–1967) and highlights the differences and similarities between them. It will be shown that the two scholars focused on similar issues and developed them in different ways, but with various points of contact. The first question to which both Fischer and Levý devote specific attention concerns the centrality of communicative functions, ideological and aesthetic values in the translation process and, therefore, the need to preserve them. Then, it will be shown how they both focus on the need to understand, interpret and translate what is not explicitly expressed, i.e. the subtext, the need to bring the words of the original text back to a prenatal stage, in which they existed only in the form of thought. It will further be highlighted that both Fischer and Levý place emphasis on the importance of translation as a work of art and means of cultural transmission and on the importance of the cultural education, taste and creativity of the translator. Finally, the issue of the dual norm of translation will be addressed: Fischer and Levý focus on what they believe to be the two fundamental requirements of a translation, i.e. fidelity and beauty, reaching different conclusions.
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