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EN
The HLC (Heritage–Landscape–Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age, and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata’a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural and human agents that may damage or destroy it.
EN
The principle of the supremacy of the Constitution is universal adopted by most international constitutions, including the Jordanian constitution. The latter requires a certain legal mechanism to protect it which is conducted by overseeing the constitutionality of laws. Ordinary courts controlled the constitutionality of laws under Jordan’s 1952 Constitution, but they were only a no-action oversight. This was the case until the Constitutional Court was established on 6th October 2012 to oversee the constitutionality of the laws and regulations and to interpret the provisions of the Constitution. The relationship between ordinary courts and the control over the constitutionality of the laws has not been severed, as the Constitution and the Constitutional Court Law have maintained this relationship. The latter begins with the case court referring any plea of unconstitutionality to the Court of Cassation, which in turn refers it to the Constitutional Court if it deems that the plea is serious and fulfills its formal and objective conditions. Consequently, the ordinary judiciary (ordinary courts) remained the necessary link between the person who has an interest in the substantive case and the Constitutional Court, which does not accept any direct appeal except from official bodies exclusively specified by the constitution and the law, namely the Senate, Parliament and Council of Ministers. This calls for the adoption of a new mechanism that allows individuals to have direct access to the Constitutional Court in order to protect their constitutional rights.
EN
TQM is a general philosophy of management that attempts to enhance competitive advantage of organizations, This paper aims to investigate the impact of total quality management on competitive advantage of Pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Jordan. The data are collected from mid- to senior-level managerial employees of Pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Jordan. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results indicate that, there is effect of the TQM practices on competitive advantage; customer focus has the highest impact on competitive advantage followed by People management and Leadership subsequently. And thus, total quality management is strategically and tactically important for gaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, organizations should be committed to TQM practices and their successful implementation.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the best human resource management (HRM) practices at ZAIN; cellular communications company operating in Jordan. study consisted of employees in ZAIN Cellular Communications Company in Jordan. All participants of this study were employees working in the organization - staff, team leaders, supervisors, programmers, project leaders, business analysts, managers, assistant managers. The findings in the paper that there are relatively high levels of practice for the areas of Training and development, Performance Appraisal, along with Communication and information sharing. Recruitment and selection is the one area, on the other hand, where a considerably lower mean level of practice exists.
EN
The present study has aimed at identifying the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction of registered nurses at Jordanian private hospitals, the population of the study consisted of registered nurses at private hospitals located in Amman (capital of Jordan). There have been 200 surveys mailed out to registered nurses. One hundred and sixty eight usable surveys have been returned with an 83 % response rate. Regarding transformational leadership, the survey was adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) (Avolio & Bass, 1995). The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) developed by Weiss (1967) was adapted to measure the two factors of job satisfaction. The present study has shown a statistically significant positive relationship existing between the five dimensions of transformational leadership and the two dimensions of job satisfaction, the strongest relationship between internal job satisfaction and transformational leadership has been visible among the intellectual stimulation dimension
Studia Ełckie
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2019
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vol. 21
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issue 1
65-81
EN
The term “geography of salvation” rarely appears in biblical theology. Occasionally, the term “sacred geography” is encountered. Yet it seems that the geography of salvation signifies much more than the sacred geography which means an arrangement of biblical events in space and their relationship with the sites. The geography of salvation, as proved in this article, implies a deliberate work of God who wanted to veil his Revelation not only in history but also in geography. It means that analysing the geographical environment of the sites related to biblical events and linking them with their function can lead to a discovery what God wanted to reveal by placing the events in the specific environment. The argumentation in the thesis was conducted on the basis of the River Jordan and its function in the synoptic Gospels against the background of the other books of the Bible. The conclusion of the article is the discovery that the River Jordan, and more precisely its geographical environment and function in the Bible, is a prefiguration of the baptismal initiation and the nature of the baptism itself.
EN
The civil war in Syria lasts over two years and its progressing escalation indicates that its quick solution is far from being feasible. It causes numerous repercussions not only for Syria itself – by war damage and erosion of the social fabric, but also for the Middle East, especially due to direct involvement of regional actors in the conflict. Particularly vulnerable is the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to which Syrian war constitutes a major security threat, probably the biggest one Jordan has to face in more than 40 years. The article presents the monarchy’s reaction towards the Syrian crisis and accordingly analyzes the security system of Jordan by indicating complexity and multidimensionality of threats inflicted by the war in Syria by applying the comprehensive security approach. Intensification of the military activity on ground, deteriorating humanitarian situation of the civilians and their massive influx into Jordan, a direct military threat and several dangers related to uncertain future of Syria and overload of Jordanian socio-economic system are indicated as key factors endangering the very existence and stability of the monarchy.
EN
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the image of women in the books of national and civic education of basic education in Jordan. To achieve the purpose of the study, content analysis was utilized. Results of the study indicated that the woman’s image in these books is traditional and atypical because of her low and weak participation in public jobs, restricted participation in traditional jobs, restriction of her roles in the home, limited positive characterization of her roles, and her appearance as a follower and helper to men. Finally, the significance of this study lies in its contribution to educational reforms related to woman image and textbooks.
PL
Gwiazdy sportu to współcześni mityczni bohaterowie, prezentujący swoje umiejętności na stadionach i w halach całego świata. Ich mityczny status przekłada się na wartość rynkową, stanowiącą wyznacznik wyjątkowości danego atlety. Dla kibiców jest on bohaterem, dla sponsorów zaś marką, a pierwszym, który ucieleśniał zależność między tymi dwoma na pozór wykluczającymi się sferami był Michael Jordan. Artykuł, odwołując się do teorii antropologicznych, przedstawia Jordana, jako bohatera kulturowego, który stał się punktem odniesienia dla współczesnych sportowców.
EN
Sports stars are modern-day mythical heroes, showcasing their skills on fields and courts all over the world. Their mythical status translates to their market value, which is proof of an athlete’s exceptional status. For the fans he is a hero, for the sponsors a brand, and Michael Jordan was the first one to exemplify the relation between these two apparently distinct aspects. Drawing on anthropological theories, this article presents Jordan as the culture hero – the one that has set the standards for modern-day sports stars.
EN
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is now one of the most stable Arab countries. Several times in its history, however, it underwent area period of serious internal con-flicts. Jordan is a monarchy and the authority of the house of Hashemite comprises an axiom of its constitution. In 1957 and 1970 strong opposition dominated by the Palestini-ans posed a threat to the rule of the Hashemites. In 1991 the throne was not directly in danger, but the results of the Gulf War were destabilizing within the country. The article presents those three political crises and the way in which king Hussein defeated the opposition forces. The Hashemite made use of main internal divisions in Jordanian socie-ty, especially the antagonism between Palestinians and the citizens of Transjordan. This strategy has, until now, been effective.
PL
Amidst the regional turmoil in the Middle East, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan prevails its relative stability despite undergoing only limited democratic reforms. The article aims to present and analyze the Jordanian regime’s reaction to the Arab Spring in light of the international historical sociology, which depicts multidimensional and interlinked relations between the state, socjety and international environment, all immersed in historical context. The analysis finds that Jordan is a case proving that some nations praise stability over rushed political reform and, what is a key to understand the phenomenon, this is the view shared not only among the ruling elite but also by a vast part of the society. The somewhat stalled democratisation works in favour of the autocratic regime of King Abdullah II who retains power, of the Jordanian society, which does not have to fear internal disorder, and of the international community for whom Jordan is a long-standing and reliable partner.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763
EN
The application of E-government initiative in Jordan had widely spread milestones in terms of achievement, these achievements has changed the means of communication between the government different ministries and directories through websites. This research studied the level of E-government application and the changes in the organizational structure needed to reach the optimal customer service. Data collected through the interview with personnel in the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology and Electronic Government Program from, the websites of the Ministry of Education and the Income and Sales Tax Directorate, and the United Nations E-government Readiness Biannual Report. This study found that the E-government application level is conventional with some utilization in the vertical integration, and the effect on the structure is not clear except for the new technology-related positions that have emerged due to the changes in the communication methods.
XX
This study examined the moderating role of competitive strategy in the relationship between financial leverage and performance of firms based on a sample of industrial firms in Jordan between 2007 and 2016. The interaction between competitive strategy and financial leverage was revealed to influence the effects of financial leverage towards the performance of firms in terms of return on assets (accounting-based measure) and market-to-book ratio (market-based measure). Conclusively, obtained results are in line with the notion that firms that employ cost leadership strategy experience tax advantages and increased efficiency through debt financing and/or debt covenants. This study extends the overall understanding on the effects of financial leverage towards performance of firms and how this relationship is moderated by competitive strategy among firms in an emerging market such as Jordan.
EN
On 24 February 2022 Russian forces attacked Ukraine. This attack started a war that had been going on for a year. However, before the attack the authorities in Moscow had for many years been pursuing the policy of weakening American influences. It turned out to be effective in the Middle East; Russia consolidated its alliance with Iran and supported Syrian authorities. Simultaneously, unsuccessful policy of the USA lead to weakening Washington alliances, even with such pro-American countries as Jordan. The article presents the relationship of the Hashemite monarchy with the USA and the relationship crisis. The attack of Russia on Ukraine spoiled the so far effective policy of Russia, made it weaker on the international stage, and enabled the USA to revive former alliances.
EN
There is a great deal of concern in respect to the increase autism prevalence rates. Teachers are responsible for teaching students in their classrooms. However, research findings suggest that special education teachers are underprepared and express ‘low” to “moderate” levels of knowledge about autism. Analysis of several databases revealed no studies concerning levels of knowledge about autism among pre-service special education teachers. The presented study aimed at investigating pre-service special education teachers’ levels of knowledge about autism. A test was developed for the purpose of this study. Further, a sample of 56 pre-service special education teachers responded to the study test. Participants were enrolled in a training session of 12 hours, 4 times a week. The participants responded to pre- and posttest. Results indicated that the levels of knowledge among the study sample was within the “low” range. However, this shifted toward the “moderate” levels after finishing the training. Additionally, there were no differences between male and female participants and year level in respect to the levels of knowledge about autism either before or after receiving the training. The participants differ in the levels of knowledge on GPA rating in the pretest results, but not the posttest results.
EN
This study investigates the perspectives of young women with disabilities in Jordan, focusing on their self-regulation. 16 young women, aged 18-22, with visual (VI), hearing (HI) impairments and physical disability (PD), were recruited using a snowballing technique. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were analysed thematically. Two main themes emerged where findings show that disability affects self-regulation where there was an overlap between local cultural perspectives in understanding disability of young women, disability and gender in understanding self-regulation of women with disabilities. Disability and gender also influence women with disabilities self-regulation with respect to self-learning, setting goals, self-evaluation, self-monitoring, making decisions and self-reinforcement. Findings will add to the current debate and efforts to understand disabilities in women and lay the groundwork for initiating a campaign in Jordan concentrating on the importance of self-regulation in young women with disabilities.
EN
This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the functioning of special economic zones in Aqaba, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and Ukraine. The work gives the concept and classification of the Free trade zones (FTZ), reflects the goals of creating zones and their purpose. The main goal of the work is to study the features of FTZs in Jordan and Ukraine and determine what experience Ukraine can gain from Jordan to optimize the work of the Ukrainian FTZs. During the research we grounded that Ukraine has essential resource opportunities, such as: natural resources, working capital, and geographical location compared to Jordan, which despite of all the obstacles could implement ASEZ and gradually improve its economy. Jordanian experience proves that the desire of a strong Leader and his loyal team, despite of the concentration of hot points all around the borders, unstable political relationship with its neighbors, high refugees inflow definitely led to the deterioration of economic situation in the country. A large stock of foreign debt, insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, high level of unemployment – succeeded in its effective implementation of ASEZ and overcame all the severities. Thus, hopefully this research might inspire the Ukrainian leaders to promote the development of Ukrainian FTZs in order to prosper our economy and improve the standard of living.
The Biblical Annals
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 3
385-394
EN
2 Kings 5:1–27 describes the healing of a foreigner, Naaman the Syrian, a high officer of the King of Damascus, by Elisha, a prophet in Israel. Naaman the Syrian suffers from a kind of skin disease called “leprosy” in the Bible. He thinks that, being rich and powerful, he is in possession of the means to get healed. He has to change his mind and his behaviour, though. He is healed when he agrees to listen to an Israelian maidservant, a slave, to the prophet Elisha, and to his own servants. When he bathes in the Jordan, he symbolically enters the Promised Land because he is healed and, at the same time, he acknowledges that Yhwh is the only Lord of the universe.
EN
Excavations at Khirbat al-Sar in 2019 yielded a small assemblage of animal remains dating mainly to the Mamluk period. An archaeozoological analysis provided insight into the food provisioning of the site’s inhabitants. Caprids (sheep and goat) and cattle made up the bulk of the animal food products. The other species present in small quantities are the dromedary, the horse, the dog, the chicken and the hare. The faunal remains offer an opportunity to collect data on animal management and consumption during this period, of which we know very little in terms of archaeozoology.
EN
Objectives To assess the association between night work and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels, and to evaluate effect of potential risk factors on 25OHD levels. Material and Methods A total of 140 adult Jordanian employees were recruited. Demographic, lifestyle and working patterns data were documented through a well-structured questionnaire. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring circulating concentrations of 25OHD. Results Mean 25OHD level was 23.8 ng/ml. No significant difference was found in 25OHD levels between the summer and winter (p = 0.46), or between males and females (p = 0.35). The female night workers had significantly lower serum 25OHD levels compared to the female day workers (p = 0.01). No significant difference in serum 25OHD levels was found between the night and day male workers (p = 0.25). The number of night shifts/month was negatively correlated with 25OHD levels in both the males and females (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). Age was positively correlated with 25OHD levels in both the males and females (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). Body mass index was negatively associated with 25OHD levels in the whole sample (p = 0.03), but not within each gender group (p = 0.21 for the males and p = 0.09 for the females). Smoking had no significant association with 25OHD levels (p = 0.99 for the males and p = 0.22 for the females). Conclusions Our results suggest that women working night shifts are at higher risk of 25OHD deficiency, and, consequently, of other health problems linked to 25OHD deficiency. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):859–870
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