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Granice etniczności w relacjach między Mossi i Kurumbami w Burkina Faso

100%

Buchalik L.

Forum Politologiczne

2010

vol. 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

69-84

The paper discusses the problem of borders existing in our times or only appearing between various ethnic groups of West Africa. It also deals with overcoming the borders and creating new identities because of their activation. The interactions are presented with the examples of mixed marriages, entered by the Mossi and the Kurumba people in the area of Pela Kingdom founded by the Kurumba in the area where today the Loroum Province in northern Burkina Faso is located. In late 15th century, the state of Yatenga was established by the Mossi. Its quick territorial expansion resulted in conflicts with autochtons, e.g. the Kurumba. The fights that were conducted left in the Kurumba collective memory an image of the Mossi as cruel enemies; as a consequence, getting married with the Mossi became forbidden, as well as using the Moore language in places and ceremonies important for the Kurumba. At the end of 19th century, as French armed forces entered the northern area of today's Burkina Faso, the period of wars and anxiety finished and the attitude of the Kurumba toward the Mossi became evolving. Because of the peaceful approach of the Kurumba, the Mossi started to settle in their villages. As the time passed, the ban on marriages with the Mossi was more and more frequently ignored; thus, nowadays there are many mixed marriages in the Kurrumba villages. Everyday life does not bring any problems with the coexistence of the two peoples. However, problems appear during important celebrations in which the country ruler participates, as according to the tradition, the Moore language must not be used then. In such situations there appears a question: when does a stranger start to be treated as a fellow countryman and in which situations may one's wife be treated as a stranger? It is difficult to answer explicitly, even the Kurumba themselves provide various interpretations. Nevertheless, they all focus on the opinion that a fellow is someone living in the same area and a stranger is someone living outside. In this situation, also the attitude to the Mossi as former enemies has changed. Upon the research, it may be concluded that in the future the processes happening in the Kurumba consciousness may lead either to complete assimilation with the Mossi or to creation of a new-quality consciousness that will be identified more with the idea of a Burkinabe - a citizen of Burkina Faso - than a subject to the traditional ruler. This also seems to confirm the thesis of B. Lugan - discussed in the paper God bless Africa - which claims that imposing a "democratic diktat" to the modern African countries makes the feeling of belonging to an ethnic group or a tribe disappear, while the feeling of belonging to a larger social group, e.g. a state, emerges.

Wodzowie Kurumbów i ich królestwa (Burkina Faso)

75%

Buchalik L.

Forum Politologiczne

2008

vol. 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce

353-384

The Kurumba are farmers who inhabit northern part of Burkina Faso and a few villages of the neighbouring Republic of Mali. The Kurumba settled in the territory which they currently occupy in the thirteenth century. Since then they have established a few separate political organizations called kingdoms in literature. In the central part of the Kurumba territory there is the Kingdom of Lurum, to the east there is the Kingdom of Pela and to the west the King- dom of Karo. The highest authority in the kingdom lies in the hands of a chief (a king) - Ayo- who was identified with the kingdom and whose prosperity was associated with the prosperity of the king- dom. Theoretically his power was absolute. In the Kurumba villages an important role is also played by the landowners - Asendesa - who are the descendants of the first settlers. The power of Ayo is bestowed on him by the Mossi Chiefs, who have subdued the Ku- rumba Kingdoms, whereas the power of Asendesa comes straight from the ancestors. The Kingdom of Lurum was probably the first dominating kingdom as it has the longest genealogy of kings and the body of its legends is the most elaborate. The Kingdom of Pela came into existence in the territory invaded by the Yatenga (established by Mossi) most probably in the first half of the eighteenth century. The long and complicated process of creating the Kingdom of Karo started in the middle of seventeenth century with the Songay arrival.

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2 Forum Politologiczne

2 Buchalik L.

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1 2008

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Granice etniczności w relacjach między Mossi i Kurumbami w Burkina Faso

Wodzowie Kurumbów i ich królestwa (Burkina Faso)