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EN
The article presents the theory of the linguistic picture of the world and the theory of image schemas and discusses their role in the interpretation of “older” literature. The problem is illustrated using letters written by and to B. Němcová, a Czech female writer of the 19th century. The text attempts to demonstrate that the two aspects play different roles in different writer reader configurations – in the context of the original epistolary communication, when the texts are read by the 19th century readers who were not the intended addresses, and when they are interpreted by a contemporary reader.
PL
Autorka dokonuje rekonstrukcji tradycyjnych i współczesnych wyobrażeń o pracy na podstawie rosyjskiego słownictwa gwarowego. Szczególne miejsce w polu semantycznym ‘praca’ zajmuje stosunek człowieka do pracy. Wyobrażenia te wykazują wewnętrzną spójność aksjologiczną. Jedna z podstawowych zasad oceny człowieka opiera się na jego stosunku do pracy, na zdolnościach umiejętności i chęci do pracy. Językowe obrazy człowieka pracowitego i lenia nabierają więc cech etalonu i odzwierciedlają istniejący u nosicieli danej gwary stereotyp pracy. Autorka rekonstruuje pojęcie PRACY, wprowadzając parametry takie, jak tempo pracy, wynik pracy, zakres pracy, podmiot działania, relacje międzyludzkie w trakcie pracy, rodzaje pracy, praca i inne rodzaje działalności, przedmiotowe wzorce pracy.
EN
The authoress reconstructs traditional and contemporary images of work on the basis of Russian peasant dialectal vocabulary. A special role in the images is played by people's attitude to work, which exhibit an internal axiological coherence. One of the fundamental principles of forming a judgment of a person is based on that person's attitude to work, talents, ability and willingness to work. Linguistic pictures of a hard-working person and a lazybones, then, become an etalon and reflect the stereotype of work characteristic of the speakers of a given dialect, positive and negative judgments of people's attitude to work. The authoress reconstructs the concept of work by introducing the parameters of the speed, the result or the scope of work, the working subject, the relationships between the working people, the kinds of work or work vs. other forms of activity.
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