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1

ETHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL MOTIVATIONS AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE FORMATION OF LITERARY LANGUAGES (MICRO-LANGUAGES) IN SMALL ETHNIC AREAS (Russian title - below)

100%
Dulicenko A. D.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2009
|
vol. 58
13-36
EN
(Title in Russian - 'Etnosotsialnye predposylki i faktory formirovaniya literaturnykh yazykov malykh etnitcheskikh grup (mikroyazykov)'). This paper distinguishes between primary and secondary motivations that influence the formation of literary languages. The former comprise the awareness of an ethnic, linguistic, and areal independence by the speakers, whereas the latter include literary and linguistic pre-tradition written in the mother or a foreign tongue; cultural, religious, and political movements, adverse socio-political conditions and assimilation policies, interest in the ethnoliguistic 'fate' of language islands, as well as subjective factors such as the presence of language awareness leaders. The primary motivations are crucial for answering the question as to whether a literary language is bound to emerge as a full-fledged language or not. The secondary motivations do not seem to overlap in every situation, which reflects the ways a literary language develops. The theses advanced in the article and typological distinctions are illustrated with linguistics data from various Slavic literary micro-languages.
2
Content available remote

Jak piszą o mieszkańcach Republiki Czeskiej polscy dziennikarze? – o profilowaniu wizerunku Czechów w dyskursie internetowym wybranych rozgłośni z obszaru Górnego Śląska

80%
Pawlik A.
Bohemistyka
|
2014
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
21 - 47
EN
The article focuses on determining how Czech's stereotypical features are present in public discourse on the internet pages of selected broadcasting radio stations. Analysis of the material has been preceded by an attempt of reconstructing the basic stereotype of the Czech which functions in the consciousness of the Poles. The basis for this part of the study are dictionary sources, sociological works, as well as ethnoliguistic. 36 internet articles published in 2013 have been analysed from the linguistic point of view. All of them have been published on the websites of four radio stations broadcasting in the area of Higher Silesia: Radio Opole, Radio Bielsko, Antyradio and Radio Aniol Beskidow.
3
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TRADITION OF THE USAGE OF THE NOTION OF DISCOURSE AND ITS USEFULNESS IN THE STUDIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE PRESENT TIME

80%
Malewska-Szalygin A.
Etnografia Polska
|
2004
|
vol. 48
|
issue 1-2
81-96
EN
The tradition of the studies of discourse derives from the famous de Saussure's distinction discerning two levels of linguistic description: 'langue' where language is treated as a system of signs and 'parole' in which language is the subject of study as the speech-act, performance, the socio-cultural event. The concept of discourse has defined the subject of interest for linguists (e.g. Barth), philosophers (e.g. Ricoeur), historians (Foucault) and sociologists (e.g. Hymes). In ethnology the first attempts to study speech-acts ( parole) reach back as far as Bronislaw Malinowski who was interested in the cultural function of incantations as well as the problem of constructing social relationships through speech-making. Currently the most popular meaning of the concept of discourse applied in ethnology is that suggested by Rapport who defines it as 'ways of speaking which are commonly practiced and specifically situated in a social environment' . This dictionary definition can be supplemented by the statement of Mohl pointing out the social functions of discourse: 'discourse in the broad sense of the term, not only reflects society, it creates and encompasses society. There is no society, no social outside discourse'. The local discourse on politics, which is the authoress' research subject, consists of everyday conversations about authority and persons in power. According to the assumptions of discursive analysis, notions and concepts should be distinguished, those around which conversations are organized as well as typical terms, phrases and frequently used comparisons. Strategies and lines of reasoning should be described. As the next step particular terms, phrases and expressions should be related to the historical, political economic and socio-cultural context within which they function and within which they have been coined.. As a result of such analysis the mental model of authority will be constructed, the one which emerges in the local discourse on politics.
4

O NAPÄTIACH PRI PREKLADE BOHOSLUŽOBNÉHO TEXTU

80%
Pavlovič J.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2014
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
155 - 164
EN
The complexity of a liturgical text creation lies in the tension generated between the religious content and its language expression. Translation from the Old Slavonic into Slovak, as it is the case of the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom (version 1998), is the translation from a dead language into a contemporary living one. Communicative comprehensibility is requested, but the language should fulfil its esthetical function, too. The criticism of the concrete text arose partly from the inexpert review of the language tools. Both components – theological accuracy and language correctness – should obtain an optimal balance in the text.
5

Over het prille begin van Nederlands-Duitse vergelijkende studies

80%
Prędota S.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 19
19-31
EN
Neue holländische Grammatica — published in 1755 in Amsterdam — was intended for Germans who studied Dutch. The author of the paper analyzes the first attempt at comparing elements of Dutch as the target language with their equivalents in German as the initial language. The grammar under scrutiny lacks systematic investigations regarding similarities and differences observed in the discussed languages, for such comparative analyses are relatively recent research outcomes.
6

LINGUISTIC TRANSFER IN LEARNING SLOVENIAN LANGUAGE IN SLOVAKIA (Jezikovni prenos pri ucenju slovenscine na Slovaskem)

80%
Pivk D.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2009
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vol. 44
|
issue 1
69-74
EN
The authoress deals with linguistic transfer in learning Slovenian language in Slovakia and above all with the negative linguistic transfer from Slovak language into Slovenian language on all linguistic levels, especially when both linguistic systems are different.
7

LINGUISTIC RESEARCH AND THE STANDARD LANGUAGE (Lingvisticke poznavanie a spisovny jazyk)

80%
Dolnik J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2009
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vol. 74
|
issue 1
7-13
EN
It is a truism that there is a correlation between the dynamism of the scientific research and the dynamism of the practical treatment of the touched subjects. However, this regularity doesn't apply in any case e.g. at the codification of the Standard language. For example, in the Slovak social and cultural milieu it is demonstrated that the relation between the current state of the linguistic researches and the codification treatment of the Standard language can be arbitrary. The author poses the questions how it is possible that the codification can be conservative and what consequences have this arbitrariness. The questions concern the contradiction of the declarative attitude to the codification and the real using of the Standard language by the speakers and the self-portrait of the language users.
8

DYNAMIKA JAZYKA A DYNAMIKA TEXTU

80%
Kralčák Ľ.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2011
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vol. 76
|
issue 5-6
315 – 321
EN
The article deals with the questions of the dynamics of a text in comparison with the dynamics of a language. Nowadays, the understanding of the concept dynamics is not problematic in the linguistics, and it may refer to a broad, historically conducted research. The question is how to understand the dynamics of a text, i. e. if there is any uniting principle which can serve as a support. A more detailed analysis shows that the collocation the dynamics of a text represents three different conceptual understandings: it is the dynamics of a thematic and compositional construction, the particular communicational dynamics, and the historical or development dynamics of a text. Finding of this condition refuses a possibility of defining one universal understanding of this concept.
9

„Am Worte dreierlei“:Konnotationen im Kontext der Wortbedeutung

80%
Czarnecka M.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2012
|
vol. 136
83-94
EN
Generally, it is agreed that the meaning of the word has two aspects: the “primary” meaning, i.e. the most specific or direct meaning (called in logic and linguistics “denotation”), and the secondary meaning, i.e. meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing (“connotation”). Connotations refer also to the cultural and / or emotional associations that become attached to words. However, among the scientists there is no agreement on what aspects of word meaning are included in the connotation. The objective of the paper is to answer the following question: To what extent may associations and emotions be considered as components of word meaning? This paper provides an overview of the analysis of the term “connotation” from the perspective of the twentieth-century’s linguistics. It also attempts to determine the notion of word meaning. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated how to solve the problem of the linguistic description of word meaning.
10

A HISTORICAL AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTARY ON THE SLAVONIC DESIGNATIONS OF 'BRICKLAYER'

80%
Siatkowski J.
Slavica Slovaca
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2004
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vol. 39
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issue 2
137-142
EN
In the present paper, dialectal designations of 'bricklayer', as registered in the 8th lexical volume of the General Slavonic Linguistic Atlas (OLA), are compared to earlier instances of those designations in the Slavonic area. The geographical distribution of the designations, in OLA published in detail, is here presented in outline only, but rare and sporadic designations, or those occuring in isolated cases beyond their core area, are located more precisely. The author deals with relations between literary designations and those, of dialectal origin, found in OLA, with the history of these designations, with how borrowings were spread in the Slavonic area as well as with changes in their teritorial distribution, i. e. all such phenomena that could not be included in OLA. This provides us with a more complex insight into the Slavonic designations of 'bricklayer' in dialects as well as in literary languages.
11

WASTA - A CURIOUS ADDRESSATIVE FORM IN KASHUBIAN (Wasta - zagadkowa kaszubska forma adresatywna)

80%
Popowska-Taborska H.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2010
|
vol. 59
81-90
EN
The addressative forms wasta and wastna, which are currently common in the Kashubian literary language as the equivalents of the Polish honorific forms pan , pani are not found in Kashubian dialects. In these dialects an old form of the 2nd plural variant wy (wë in Kashubian) is used instead. The author presents the results of a study of the forms wasta, wastna in Kashubian texts and new dictionaries and pays attention to the last name Wasta, which might be an archaic source of the addressative form. The author claims that the Kashubian form wasta derives from the construction *vasa milost' pan (on a par with the Old Polish form wasc) and that it was added to the paradigm of the nouns that end in -a, such as starosta, sluga, wojewoda. The word wasta was most likely created in South-Western Kashubia, an area inhabited by gentry. In this area the affrication of t' d' preceding the front vowel has never been completed.
12

STATUS LINGVISTICKÝCH PREMENNÝCH V METODOLÓGII ANALÝZ TEXTU: (NÁHĽAD DO POMENOVACÍCH DATABÁZ SLOVENČINY)

80%
Sokolová J., Sokol A.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2022
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
137-148
EN
The subject of the study is a definitional understanding and reflection on the linguistic variables used in the methodology of text analysis. The impetus to write this paper was the definition of the very linguistic entities that text is made out of, and their conceptual and terminological designation from the point of view of the text linguistics. The term variable was chosen for the flexibility of its status and value. Linguistic variables are presented from the perspective of systemic, textual, quantitative and corpus linguistics. Interpretation, which is used in the sense of explanation, is the methodological framework. The definition of the linguistic variables is connected with the operational steps of segmentation, identification and classification. A distinction is made between the linguistic variables with a primarily systemic value, which traditionally show the linguistic (langue) and speech (parole) status, and the linguistic variables with a primarily textual and pragmatic value.
13

Language Error and Pedagogical Grammar

80%
Gozdawa-Golebiowski R.
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
|
2005
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1(195)
95-106
EN
The author looks at the concept of pedagogical grammar and tries to re-evaluate it in the light of the new developments in the area of language pedagogy and applied linguistics. In particular, he has set out to focus on the processes involved in first language (L1) acquisition and foreign/second language (L2) learning. Given that the two are governed by qualitatively distinct mechanisms, the expected outcome of the learning/acquisition process should also be different. Specifically, the final state of the learner's interlanguage will remain an imperfect approximation of the steadystate adult native tongue. The major driving force behind L1 acquisition is indirect positive evidence – exposure to primary language data. The remaining types of linguistic evidence are of lesser importance or altogether negligible. In the area of foreign language learning, however, primary linguistic data does not lead to interlanguage development due to limited exposure and lack of communicative pressure. To compensate for this insufficiency, the two kinds of direct evidence - positive and negative - are back in the spotlight. The difference is important for pedagogical purposes: pedagogical grammars should be contrastive, attempting to relate new L2 material to the L1 knowledge of the learner. This assumes that L1 knowledge needs to be explained first (i.e. the learners have to become aware of what they have been doing only subconsciously). The new approach to pedagogical grammars necessarily involves a critical reflection on the nature of language errors (the distinction between error and mistake is ignored throughout) and nonthreatening ways to eliminate them. It is hoped that the perspective on pedagogical grammars adopted in this paper will be of interest to wider audiences in the field of language pedagogy.
14

PORTRÉT JOZEFA RUŽIČKU (1916 – 1989)

80%
Ondrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2017
|
vol. 82
|
issue 1
8 – 14
EN
In the study, the author focuses on topics such as Jozef Ružička (1916 – 1989), one of the most important Slovak linguists in the second half of the 20th century and former director of the Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, where he has been working in different periods of his career. Today, 100 years after his birth, this prominent representative of Slovak and Czechoslovak linguistics remains, for Slovak linguistics, as a model in hard work and ability to think systematically and originally.
15

UNIFORMITY AND DIVERSITY IN TURKIC INCEPTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

80%
Rentzsch J.
Asian and African Studies
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2
261 – 296
EN
Constructions encoding ‘to begin to’ display a great formal diversity in the Turkic languages. The differences concern both the auxiliary segment and the linking segment. This diversity is counterbalanced by certain features that are shared either by the majority of the Turkic language family or by only some of its members. The present study will investigate the main similarities and differences between inceptive constructions in Turkic both from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. A special focus will be placed on combinations that involve the auxiliary bašla-, an item that is particularly widespread. The main types of constructions attested with this auxiliary will be identified, and possible factors involved in the development of these types will be determined. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the typology and diachronic development of inceptive constructions in the Turkic languages and to draw attention to a topic that has yet to be investigated in detail from a comparative perspective.
16

POTREBA LINGVISTICKEJ SOCIOVEDECKEJ KOMUNIKÁCIE

80%
Dolník J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2015
|
vol. 80
|
issue 5-6
263 - 275
EN
The author argues that the linguistic socio-scientific communication is a challenge to the linguists since the contact of linguistics with the general public is only on the level of scientific popularisation. There is no doubt that currently this communication has to be an integral part of the linguistic research process and an instrument for increasing of interestedness of the population in linguistics. First the paper defines the concept of socio-scientific communication and points up three aspects of the problem of this communication: consensus, implementation and participation. Following on from this, it will look at some of the barriers between linguistics and public with special emphasis on the epistemological literacy of laymen and on their attitude towards the science. The conclusion of this paper gives an illustration of the linguistic socio-scientific communication: a good example of socio-scientific issues is the literary language.
17

'COGNITIVE LITERARY SCIENCE' IN A BIT DIFFERENT WAY...

80%
Suwara B.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
|
2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
44-56
EN
The study briefly reflects on the Slovak interest in cognitive science, in the cognitive research of language. It is conceived as a kind of polemics with the idea of cognitive literary science as a so-called hard discipline. The authoress of the study seeks the arguments for the polemics in the literary scientific research close to linguistics, cognitive/cultural linguistics, cognitive psychology and last but not least in the present direction of literary theory. The closest is the conception of the Krakow literary scholars which they call 'cultural theory of literature'. A reply to the hard research conception of 'cognitive literary science' are the examined transdisciplinary 'cognitive-literary symptoms', as for instance 'the modality of a literary statement', or the 'support points' of the common orientation in the literary events.
18

COMMUNICATION AND COGNITION IN LINGUISTICS

80%
Tabakowska E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2005
|
issue 1/2(91/92)
50-59
EN
Despite frequent claims of its proponents, contemporary mainstream linguistics still remains predominantly Anglocentric. Considering the relevance of its findings for other languages, in respect of both theory of grammar and its possible practical applications, this should certainly be changed. Moreover, irrespective of their theoretical persuasion, till recently most linguists tended to concentrate on construal of messages (cognition) rather than on processes involved in reception (communication), while literary studies traditionally concentrate on the latter. With recent developments, a widened perspective, with the scholars' attention being focused on the very nature of language and its interrelationships with biology on the one hand and culture on the other, has shifted the proportions, bringing lingustics closer to contemporary literary theory. It is claimed that in humanities - as well as in university education - applied linguistics, developed within a coherent theoretical framework, should be integrated with literary and cultural studies. Among contemporary linguistic theories the theory known as 'Cognitive Linguistics' seems to offer the most promising basis for such integration. The paper presents main tenets of the paradigm, with emphasis on those areas where interests of all the three disciplines meet and overlap. It is the realisation of this need for integration that gave rise to new but very dynamic, scholarly disciplines called 'Cognitive Stylistics' and 'Cognitive Poetics'. The last part of the paper brings a short survey of recent developments in these two fields.
19
Content available remote

The Brest Bible in the light of the recent researches

80%
Luczak A.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
|
2004
|
vol. 39
53-75
EN
Thanks to German publishers the Brest Bible of 1563 has been reprinted in facsimile with commentaries by Irena Kwilecka and David A. Frick in 2001 as another volume of the great biblical series 'Biblia Slavica'. This article discusses above all the philological commentary by Irena Kwilecka. The author has been investigating the problems connected with translation of the Brest Bible (its history, language) for many years. It was the first complete translation of Holy Scripture into Polish produced by Protestants (Calvinists). According to principles which had been taken by Protestants the Brest Bible was based on original texts. Irena Kwilecka devoted much attention to the authorities, both to the basic and to the lesser ones. Two sources must be mentioned here for the direct influence they exerted on the Brest Bible. There were the Latin Bible of 1557 and the French Bible of 1553, both edited by R. Stephanus (R. Estienne). Having widely presented the authorities, Irena Kwilecka pays attention to the method of translation; she discusses the problem of relation between Polish translation and its authorities. It has been shown, how the Brest translators tried to avoid Hebraisms in the Polish version and to replace them with more idiomatic constructions.
20

THE PROBLEM OF THE MEANING OF PREPOSITION KVOLI AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF LINGUISTIC REFLECTION AND LANGUAGE EVIDENCE (Problem vyznamu predlozky kvoli na pozadi lingvistickej reflexie a jazykoveho materialu)

80%
Jarosova A.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2010
|
vol. 75
|
issue 3
159-169
EN
The Slovak preposition kvoli ('for the sake of') is frequently being used not only in its codified purpose/benefit sense (for the purpose of doing or achieving something; for the benefit of someone), but also in a causal sense (because of), discouraged by the present codification. As both readings can be clearly distinguished by the respective context of the preposition, we do not see any danger of their possible misinterpretation. After having analyzed the causal relationships and language evidence, we conclude that the causal reading of the kvoli preposition is acceptable both from the system and logical perspective.
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