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Translation as Testimony: The Politics of Cultural Representation in Daoud Hari’sThe Translatorand Laura Esquivel’sMalinche

100%

Farid S.

International Journal on Language, Literature and Culture in Education

2016

vol. 3

issue 2

91-109

When the Nahua woman known as La Malinche became the interpreter of Hernán Cortés, the conqueror of Mexico, she was not only carving her name as one of history’s most influential translators, but was also rendered one of the most enduring symbols of the cultural intricacies of translation. Malinche’s knowledge of both Spanish and Nahuatl and the way it made her instrumental in the conquerors’ success took her role from the level of linguistic mediator to that of an active agent in cultural transformation, or rather cultural erosion. Having used her linguistic abilities to help the invaders against her people, Malinche has since the conquest been labeled a traitor. Becoming Cortés’s mistress served to further confirm this idea. Yet, being arguably the bearer of the first “mestizo,” Malinche came to be perceived as the mother of the Mexican people and the progenitor of the new race. In both cases, La Malinche has till this moment been emblematic of the complexities of cultural representation. Laura Esquivel’s novel Malinche (2007) explores the heroine’s position at the crossroads between two cultures where the demarcations between the target and source languages are blurred as her allegiance is put into question. The act of translation is rendered ambivalent with the translator, being a slave to the Spaniards, lacking the free will for such a vocation, thus unable to choose sides or determine who she represents. She, however, could have played a major role in preserving the memory of her pre-Colombian world just before its eradication. Daoud Hari’s The Translator: A Tribesman’s Memory of Darfur (2008) offers a different perspective of the role of the translator. Hari, who belongs to the Zaghawa tribe in Western Sudan, acts as a mediator between his people, who are being subjected to systematic genocide by the government-backed Janjaweed militia, and the outside world. Through making the conscious decision to go back to Darfur, Hari turns his knowledge of English into the tool through which he can make the voice of his people heard, hence choosing to be their representative and taking upon himself the task of documenting their trauma. This paper tackles the nature of translation through comparing the role of the translators in both works and exploring the different levels of representation associated with the process of translation. This will be done through examining the loyalty-treason paradigm and how far it affects, positively and/or negatively, the role of the translator as the bearer of his/her people’s memory. The paper will, therefore, deal with the relation between translation and testimony and will investigate how far translation can, in this sense, complement storytelling as a means of chronicling and resistance.

Malinche: kochanka konkwistadora, zdrajczyni, matka narodu

94%

Jagłowski M.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

2019

vol. 40

issue 1

175-188

The article concerns Malinche, one of the most mysterious female figures in the history of Mexico. In the epoch of the conquest of the New World this woman, originating from the indigenous peoples, was given by her own mother into captivity and then offered as a gift to Hernán Cortes, the commander of the Spanish conquistadors. Later she become his translator, lover and informer. The article presents the history of Malinche and discusses the presence of her symbol in culture.

Artykuł dotyczy Malinche, jednej z najbardziej tajemniczych postaci kobiecych w historii Meksyku. Ta wywodząca się z miejscowej ludności kobieta została najpierw przez matkę sprzedana w niewolę, a następnie, w epoce podboju Nowego Świata, podarowana Hernánowi Cortesowi, przywódcy hiszpańskich konkwistadorów, stała się jego tłumaczką, kochanką i informatorką. W artykule przedstawiono historię Malinche oraz omówiono obecność jej symbolu w kulturze.

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1 International Journal on Language, Literature and Culture in Education

1 Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

1 Farid S.

1 Jagłowski M.

1 2019

1 2016

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Translation as Testimony: The Politics of Cultural Representation in Daoud Hari’sThe Translatorand Laura Esquivel’sMalinche

Malinche: kochanka konkwistadora, zdrajczyni, matka narodu