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Filoteknos
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2022
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issue 12
147-160
EN
The protagonists created by the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood are characterized by a constant struggle for survival, searching for identity and the voice that was taken away from them for various reasons. One of such protagonists is Penelope, immortalized in history thanks to Homer and addicted to the story of a man – her husband Odysseus. The article aims to present Penelopiada not only as a reinterpretation of a myth but also as an interesting reading proposal for high school students, which can be presented as an interpretative context when discussing texts from antiquity.
EN
The handmaid is the protagonist of a transmedia story begun with Margaret Atwood’s dystopian novel about Gilead, a regime in which women are deprived of their rights. The handmaids are a unique group — they are fertile, a rarity in a country plagued by infertility. The women, treated as objects, are allocated as surrogates to childless couples from the most privileged class. The image of the handmaid became popular thanks to a new generation television series produced for the Hulu platform, and subsequently begun to be used in the fight for women’s rights. In the first part of the article the author analyses the handmaids and their place in the dystopian narrative and in the second — the way in which they are used in the social discourse about women’s rights. In this the author focuses on performative campaigns, corporate social responsibility and links between the characters and the #metoo campaign.
PL
Celem, jaki stawia sobie autorka w niniejszym eseju, jest zaprezentowanie syntetycznej konstrukcji modelu świata życia codziennego niektórych postaci trylogii MaddAddam autorstwa Margaret Atwood, często określanej mianem ikony anglojęzycznej literatury kanadyjskiej. Cykl powieści, do których zalicza się Oryks i Derkacz, Rok potopu, a także ostatnia część MaddAddam, to ciekawe przykłady nowoczesnych antyutopii, które niejednokrotnie w drastycznej, przerysowanej formie próbują zwrócić uwagę na negatywne kierunki rozwoju zachodniej cywilizacji. Są literacką, ale też intelektualną próbą diagnozy stanu dzisiejszego świata. Punktem wyjścia analizy jest wywodzące się z fenomenologii zainteresowanie światem przeżywanym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem życia codziennego jako jednego z podstawowych tematów tego istotnego nurtu współczesnej myśli socjologicznej, dlatego autorka rozpoczyna od krótkiego przedstawienia teoretycznego ujęcia koncepcji świata życia. Perspektywę badawczą dla przeprowadzonych analiz stanowi koncepcja dramaturgiczna Ervinga Goffmana, a poszczególne elementy Goffmanowskiego modelu poznania rzeczywistości społecznej, takie jak występ, rola, fasada czy kulisy, przy analizie służą jako kategorie analityczne, za których pomocą autorka prezentuje świat przeżywany wybranych postaci występujących w trylogii Margaret Atwood.
EN
The author’s purpose in this essay is to present a synthetic model of the everyday life world of some characters of the MaddAddam trilogy by Margaret Atwood, often referred as an icon of Canadian English-language literature. A series of novels, including Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood, and the last part: MaddAddam, are interesting examples of modern dystopias, which often in drastic, exaggerated form try to draw attention to the negative direction of the development of Western civilization. They are a literary but also an intellectual attempt to diagnose the state of today’s world. The starting point of the analysis is the interest in phenomenal world derived from phenomenology, with particular emphasis on everyday life as one of the basic themes of this important current of contemporary sociological thought, which is why the author begins with a short presentation of the theoretical approach to the concept of the world of life. The research perspective for the analyzes carried out is referring to the dramaturgical concept of Erving Goffman, and the individual elements of Goffman’s model of the recognition of social reality, such as performance, role, facade or backstage, which in the analysis they serve as analytical categories, with the help of which the author presents the world experienced by selected characters appearing in the trilogy by Margaret Atwood.
EN
This contribution analyzes the role of memory and oblivion in the novels The Possibility of an Island by Michel Houellebecq and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. In both of them, these two notions play an important role in the constitution of the identity of the major characters after the collapse of civilization and during the foundation of a new humanity.
EN
This article presents a sociological analysis of the literary dystopias of Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood: the MaddAddam trilogy and The Handmaid’s Tale and its 2020 sequel Testaments. Maria Anna Banaś regards as key issues and contexts those that clearly and unambiguously build Atwood’s image of the social world, and which Banaś reads through the prism of the sociology of literature. The basic question is, What is the structure of the social world in Atwood’s works? Banaś seeks answers by referring, among other ideas, to Robert K. Merton’s types of adaptation of individuals to the changing social structure.
PL
Niniejsze studium to socjologiczna analiza dystopii literackich  kanadyjskiej powieściopisarki Margaret Atwood: trylogii MaddAddam, Opowieści podręcznej a także jej kontynuacji, opublikowanych w 2020 roku  Testamentów. Za kluczowe przyjmuje się tu te  zagadnienia i konteksty,  które w sposób wyraźny i jednoznaczny budują obraz świata społecznego zarysowanego w powieściach kanadyjskiej pisarki, odczytywane będą przez pryzmat socjologii literatury. Zaś podstawowym pytanie brzmi – jak przedstawia się struktura świata społecznego w omawianych powieściach? Odpowiedzi na nie autorka będzie poszukiwała odwołując się, między innymi do koncepcji Roberta K. Mertona odnoszącej się do typów indywidualnego przystosowania się jednostek do zmieniających się warunków struktury społecznej.
EN
The aim of this article is to demonstrate through Margaret Atwood’s novel "The Blind Assassin" the social changes that took place in 20th century Canada. Depicting the fall of a once respected Toronto bourgeois family of Chase, the book covers the period from the early 1900s through World War I, the Depression years, and World War II to the late 1990s. By situating the story of the Chase sisters against the broader backdrop of Canadian history, Atwood presents the transformation from the rigidly divided society of the past into an egalitarian society of the present day Canada. To give "The Blind Assassin" a deeper sense of history the author incorporated into the novel various documents from the past, such as newspaper clippings. Although many of these cuttings are of Atwood’s contriving and were merely inspired by actual events, they allow the author, through the use of pastiche, to poke fun at a number of dominant ideologies of the past and highlight how profound and inevitable the social changes of the last century were.
PL
This paper examines four discursive strategies: colonizing, animalizing, infantalizing and (plant) vegetative that characters in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy use to name the Crakers, post-humans with modified DNA structure. In discussing them, I expose a dehumanizing effect this seemingly neutral processes of naming and describing have. The interpretative findings discussed in this paper constitute a response to largely anthropocentrically oriented extensive criticism on Atwood’s writing. By questioning the neutrality of the narrative through a postcolonial reading of the trilogy, I argue that MaddAddam challenges the divisions between human and non-human. The paper investigates whether these dehumanizing discursive tactics of animalization, colonization, infantilism or vegetation, which are fundamentally oppressive, can become a means of resistance.
Świat i Słowo
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2022
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vol. 38
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issue 1
367-380
PL
Niniejsza interpretacja dwóch kanadyjskich klasyków – opowiadania Margaret Atwood pt. „Śmierć na tle krajobrazu” i powieści Emmy Donoghue zatytułowanej „Pokój” – jest w rzeczywistości pretekstem do rozważań o kanadyjskiej tęsknocie za, i strachu przed otwartą przestrzenią. W obu tekstach jej wyrazem staje się nostalgia za przestrzenią zewnętrzną, jednoznacznie nie-domową. Używając teorii agorafobii jako narzędzia interpretacji, proponuję alternatywne odczytanie kanadyjskiej przestrzeni, wpisane jednak w wielowiekową tradycję definiowania „kanadyjskości” poprzez przestrzenne metafory i relacje między jednostką a miejscem.
EN
Since 1959, when C.P. Snow delivered his seminal lecture The Two Cultures on the lack of understanding between scholars working in the humanities and their colleagues from science departments, the gap between the two groups has been one of the most notorious clichés of contemporary Western culture. The aim of this article is to show that this seemingly insurmountable abyss between sciences and the humanities that was brought to the forefront during the mid-20th century is slowly receding into history. Literature studies today is heavily indebted to modern science. Biology (especially evolutionary biology), physics (especially quantum physics), and ecology (especially the Anthropocene studies) are among the most important subjects scholars of literature have to take into account. In order to prove this point I shortly describe literary genres which introduce modern science to the readers: science fiction, cyberpunk, solarpunk, lablit, quantum fiction, and cli-fi. I also refer to the newly-emerged schools of criticism-science fiction studies, ecocriticism and evocriticism-to show how scholars discuss these texts within the framework of the humanities. Additionally, I give a sample discussion of one of the cli-fi’s classics, J.G. Ballard’s The Drowned World and also shortly discuss two science fiction novels concerned with the civilisational conflict between science and humanities: Stanislaw Lem’s His Master’s Voice and Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake.
EN
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and essays written by Herta Müller, the most famous Romanian dissident and the recipient of the 2009 Noble Prize in literature. The point of departure for the analysis is the reference to the Romanian regime of Ceaușescu contained in the Historical Notes on The Handmaid’s Tale, which constitute an integral part of Atwood’s novel. Juxtaposing the aforementioned novel with Herta Müller’s essays, the article reveals conspicuous parallels between the actual experience of living under a regime, omnipresent in the texts of the Romanian-born German author, and the dystopian narrative of Offred, the protagonist of The Handmaid’s Tale. The article examines the texts through the lens of the poetics of experience, that is, it treats them as a record of an individual experience which has the power to influence the reader through emphatic involvement.
EN
The paper Sex and Oppresion in Cyberspace: A Speculative Vision in Margaret Atwood’s “Oryx and Crake” Novel analyzes Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake in reference to the issues of violence and sex as present in the cyberspace. Before focusing on these two problems, generic outline is introduced, starting from the commonly used categories of utopia/eutopia/dystopia to those more closely associated with Atwood herself, i.e. speculative fiction and utopia. Violent internet games and explicit pornography act in the novel as sign of ethical reevaluation, which in the long run leads the novel’s world to the verge of a total catastrophe. At the same time, the overabundance of such on-line stimuli becomes synonymous with our contemporary culture of exhaustion.
EN
The aim of the following paper is to analyse Margaret Atwood’s 2009 speculative fiction novel The Year of the Flood, drawing from the theories of such ecofeminist critics as Maria Mies and Karen Warren. The paper discusses the parallels between the exploitation of nature and animals as well as the oppression of women in the capitalist patriarchy. It explores the construction of women, nature and animals as dominated Others. Special attention is paid to the metaphors binding women and nature as well as to the development of ecological consciousness in female characters. Atwood undoubtedly criticises capitalism as well as genetic engineering, which contribute to the pollution and devastation of nature as well as have negative impact on human beings.
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