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Tingitana Frontier Project. Rapport préliminaire de recherche de la mission polono-marocaine dans la région de Volubilis au Maroc pendant la saison 2018

100%

Czapski M., Atki M.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(2)

433-446

EN

The report presents the preliminary results of the work of the Polish-Moroccan expedition in the region of the ancient city Volubilis in 2018. The research carried out in Morocco aims to answer the question of the appearance and functioning of the border defence system of the province Mauritania Tingitana. The topic is not sufficiently developed in existing publications. Field research has provided new data and interesting field observations. Recognition of the human activity from the Roman period in the region has allowed us to collect interesting ceramic material for preliminary dating of the sites.

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Defensive system of ancient city Volubilis. State of research and new perspectives

86%

Czapski M.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2017

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issue 16

513-528

EN

This contribution presents the first results of two surveys (2014, 2016) in the vicinity of the ancient city of Volubilis, situated in the southern part of the Roman province Mauretania Tingitana. The main purpose was to assess the possibilities of non-invasive research of the forts established by the Romans as part of the defensive system of Volubilis and to investigate the character of the Roman defences on the southern border. Forts were connected with watchtowers which completed the system protecting the territory in question. Many interesting fragments of pottery have been found at those sites, which may confirm Roman presence in many, though not all points. Collected field information as well as the analysis of publications leads to the conclusion that the border defence arrangements at Volubilis might not be considered as a part of a centrally organised limes system, safe guarding the entire province, but as the defensive system of the city and its surroundings.

3

Tabula Banasitana. Tekst – tłumaczenie – komentarz

81%

Jurewicz A., Tadajczyk K.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2023

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vol. 22

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issue 1

391-417

EN

The Roman Empire entered a period of rapid romanization of the Roman provinces in the 2nd century AD. This also took place, with varying intensity, in African provinces. An expression of this was the granting of Roman citizenship to the leaders of indigenous tribes. The document called Tabula Banasitana, an epigraphic find discovered in the 20th century at the site of the ancient civitas Banasa, documents the process of granting Roman law to the leaders of the Zegrenses tribe and their families. The Roman ius civile was granted to them with the preservation of the rights of their people and without exemptions from public burdens. The author analyzes three documents engraved as an inscription known as Tabula Banasitana, concerning the romanization of the province Mauretania Tingitana. The article describes the process of the gradual incorporation of the North-West African tribal leaders into the structures of the Roman province of Mauretania. Sometimes members of the local elites were granted the status of Roman citizen by the Roman authorities, even though they retained all privileges derived from native law. Through this balanced social policy, Rome was able to keep the peace in frontier areas of the Empire, which were threatened by conflicts with neighbors or, as in this case, nomadic tribes. This form of Roman citizenship was limited – the nature and extent of the restrictions depended on the relationship between the person receiving citizenship and the local community or the Empire’s fiscal interests (for example new citizens were not relieved of obligations like tributum or vectigal). Citizenship was usually granted viritim, but sometimes – as Tabula Bansitana shows – members of the newly minted citizen’s family (wife and children) also received the privilege.

PL

Cesarstwo rzymskie w II w. n.e. weszło w okres szybkiej romanizacji prowincji rzymskich, m.in. miało to miejsce, z rożnym natężeniem, w prowincjach afrykańskich. Wyrazem tego było nadawanie przywodcom plemion tubylczych obywatelstwa rzymskiego. Dokument zwany Tabula Banasitana, znalezisko epigraficzne odkryte w XX w. w miejscu antycznej civitas Banasa, dokumentuje proces nadania rzymskiego prawa przywodcom plemienia Zegrenses oraz ich rodzinom. Rzymskie ius civile zostało przyznane im z zachowaniem praw ich ludu oraz bez zwolnień od ciężarow publicznych. Przedmiotem artykułu jest kompleksowa analiza trzech dokumentow wyrytych na inskrypcji Tabula Banasitana dotyczących romanizacji prowincji Mauretania Tingitana. Artykuł ukazuje stopniowe wciąganie przywódców tubylczych plemion zamieszkujących połnocno-zachodnią Afrykę w struktury rzymskiej prowincji Mauretania. Lokalnym elitom władze rzymskie nadawały niekiedy obywatelstwo rzymskie, jednak z zachowaniem praw rodzimych. Taka zrownoważona polityka pozwalała zachować spokoj na przygranicznych terenach cesarstwa, niejednokrotnie zagrożonych konfliktami z ludami ościennymi, lub, jak to miało miejsce w analizowanym tu przypadku, z plemionami nomadycznymi. Przywileje obywatelstwa rzymskiego nadawano z pewnymi ograniczeniami dotyczącymi zarówno kwestii stosunku nowego obywatela do jego rodzimej społeczności, jak i interesow fiskalnych cesarstwa (bez zwolnień ze zobowiązań, takich jak np. tribulum i vectigal). Zazwyczaj obywatelstwo było nadawane viritim, jednak – jak poświadcza to Tabula Banasitana – mogli je rownież otrzymać członkowie rodziny (żona i dzieci) beneficjenta.

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1 Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

1 Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2 Czapski M.

1 Atki M.

1 Jurewicz A.

1 Tadajczyk K.

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Tingitana Frontier Project. Rapport préliminaire de recherche de la mission polono-marocaine dans la région de Volubilis au Maroc pendant la saison 2018

Defensive system of ancient city Volubilis. State of research and new perspectives

Tabula Banasitana. Tekst – tłumaczenie – komentarz