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EN
"Passenger" was the last and uncompleted film by Andrzej Munk who died tragically in 1961. The film was finished by Munk’s friends and collaborators on the basis of the footage left by the director. It is known that Munk was not fully satisfied with all the material and planned to introduce some changes. The film combines in an unusual way two forms of "records of memory" – photography and film. In a very interesting argument Kwiatkowska juxtaposes and interprets various spaces of remembrance that can be found in the movie.
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Conference Report

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EN
Memory in Poland of the Rescuers and the Rescued from the Holocaust. On the 30th Anniversary of Granting the Title of the Righteous Among The Nations to Sugihara Chiune, Japanese Consul in Lithuania.
EN
In spring 2017 the long-awaited House of European History in Brussels was opened. Its exhibition tries to tackle not only the tumultuous history of 20th-century Europe, but also the diverse cultures of memory that surround this topic. The article touches upon the problem of co-existence and mutual relationship of the two important, if not the most crucial, topics on the European mnemonic map: that of the Holocaust and that of the Gulag. The uneven and changeable development of these memory cultures has been presented in the historical perspective and analysed through the way they have functioned at the national (with Poland and Germany as examples) and transnational (EU) levels. The concluding statement encapsulates the thesis that the EU-ropean memory confl ict in its original phase, centred around Brussels, achieved its climax some years ago. Nowadays the problems of history and memory are administered mostly within the regional and, even more, national public spheres. As the focal point of European dispute, on the other hand, new — seemingly beyond historical — topics emerged. Among them is the cultural problem sparked by the mass infl ux of immigrants to Europe.
EN
The fate of the Hungarian 2nd Army has a significant role in the Hungarian memory. The army was sent to the Eastern Front in 1942 suffered one of the great defeats of the Hungarian military history during the Soviet counter-offensive in January 1943. During the past almost 80 years, different narratives have emerged about it were evolved in the Hungarian public. In the paper the author shall analyse the most significant elements of these narratives. Firstly, there will be examined the genesis and underlying causes of the decision to send the 2nd Army to the Eastern front. The author counter a popular post-war myth that the Hungarian leadership sent out the Hungarian soldiers and labour servicemen with the intention of sacrifice that it could limit Hungary's involvement in the German war effort. Although the Hungarian military leadership discriminated against various social groups (primarily of individuals of Jewish descent, non-Hungarian nationalities) in military service, they did not aim to destroy them. Similarly, the higher proportion of reserve officers and lower social classes (peasantry, workpeople) in the army was misinterpreted. In the second part of the paper the author will examine the interpretations of the defeat in January 1943. As a part of this topic there will be shown how the public opinion and survivors overstated the loss data and the temperature conditions of “the Russian winter.” In addition, the author scrutinize the fighting and withdrawal in January 1943 from the viewpoint of the military discipline. Finally, he analyse the interpretations of two orders. The army commander, Colonel General Jány wrote in his order on 24 January that “the 2nd Army has lost its honour.” Although later he withdrew this order, it became the symbol of the barbarity and betrayal of the Hungarian military elite against the Hungarian soldiers. It received a different opinion on the order of the commander of the III Corps of 1 February 1943, in which Major General Stomm disbanded his formation - which was unprecedented in Hungarian history.
EN
William Cecil, 1st baron of Burghley was the closest advisor of English queen Elizabeth I. from house of Tudor. However, this is not only role of William Cecil at the Elizabethan court and it is not the only role, which we can identify with analysis of British early modern age primary sources. How did the British early modern age primary sources depict first Baron of Burghley and saved his legacy for the next generation? The answer for this question is the purpose of this research.
EN
This essay is the benefit to studying of the questions of the oral history of forcibly ejected inhabitants of Neveklov and its neighbourhoods during the 2nd World War, focused on events of the massacre in the village Křešice (Event Graun) at the end of the 2nd World War. About this region, there exists authentic testimony and this territory is fixed in the collective memory. The oral history is a highly valued literary source. Its value is in the authenticity, which is characterized by selectivity and represents another point of view. The essay brings the unique opportunity to get acquainted with witnesses of the wartime. At present this testimony is unknown or is being forgotten in the offical documents. The essay follows the researches of Jaromír Jech from the middle of the last century. So we get the view of the importance of the massacre in Křešice and forcible displacement of Czech inhabitants in a demarcated region. Result of this work is the analysis of the results obtained with the help of the modern approaches that are based on the method of the oral history, which is a part of the qualitative research, with an emphasis on general objectives and context. It also simultaneously maps over the current state, i.e. the reflection of the forcible war persecution on the present times and its viability in the future, functionality of the generation transfers and traumas.
EN
Mireille Calle-Gruber is not only a university professor and a writer, but also a leading scholar and critic of French literature and contemporary Francophone literature. Her works on Michel Butor, Claude Simon, Assia Djebar, Derrida and other contemporary writers (as well as those dealing with the history of the twentieth century literature) fill gaps in the contemporary literary history of the twentieth century. Her books not only scrutinize and analyze the writing of Claude Simon; they also shed new light on the analysis of the novel and autobiography in contemporary literature, through the memory of experience and perception
EN
The term collective in Central European science tradition was impacted by distinctive indoctrinate but in terminology stable term meaning as f.e. collective memory. In the field research is evidence collective memory contents by interdisciplinary research theme. The article communicates an field returnable stationary research results (2008–2012) by author and students of the Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague. This results are systematized by ATLAS.ti and hermeneutically analysed. Findings besides collective memory contents evidence direct to uncover relations which put link for sujet invariants and mental representations. Author exemplified contexts in which come about memory contents stabilisation in reserch locality as well frequent situations where group interpretation of socio-culture normatives arised. For finding and data verification was appliqued visual ethnography method.
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2019
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vol. 7
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issue 2
183-185
EN
In memory of ...
EN
Todo lejos (2015), the last novel by Alfons Cervera, recalls the arrest of a group of anti-Franco activists in the early seventies, a hardly known event in Spanish history that was probably silenced by political authorities. This paper will study the novel from a twofold perspective: on the one hand, the importance of memory. The novel has a choral structure of different voices that remember events that could potentially be identified with the author’s autobiographical memories. On the other hand, the novel aims to report the atmosphere of terror created by Franco’s dictatorship, the use of violence as a political weapon, and the accusation of dissidence suffered by many groups and individuals.
EN
History has got the monopoly of legitimate representation of the past, above all due to its privileged academic position. Its accounts operate as true and valid and often label all the rest as fiction. There are nevertheless some other forms, linked to memory, capable of learning from and narrating through emotions, opening paths of understanding, compromise and intervention in society. Referred to the memory of repression in Spain, we talk in this article about graphic novel, photography and documentary films.
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EN
Thomas Owen is well-known as a master of the fantastic 20th century’s short stories. This genre is often influenced by the medieval fiction, in its atmosphere, ‘colour’ and moreover throught precise figures, situations and, sometimes, well specific works, specially arthurian. The case of Owen offers the particular interest of not really a rewriting or even a genuine reception but, supported by a knowledge of some texts, of a literary construction founded on the author’s appreciation of a ‘spirit of the Middle Ages’.
EN
The reconstruction of the past and memory is examined in the feature film Italia 90: The Movie (2014) by Miguel Gómez, which depicts the first participation of a Costa Rican team in a World Cup. The analysis includes the narrative, visual, and sound operations with which the past and memory are recreated (... or created), as well as the ways in which the story involves the viewers, particularly those who remember the episode. It is explained that, although the story resorts to certain topics of sports cinema, it is presented more as an adventure of the community, which would eventually include an entire country, and favors the exploration of the intimate over the epic. Italia 90: The Movie appeals to nostalgia, through recognizable images and sounds, as well as figures anchored in the hegemonic Costa Rican imaginary (such as the “common peasant”), to narrate an episode that, in addition to being central in the history of sports in Costa Rica, it is among the events that symbolically mark the country's entry into the globalized world.
EN
The Romanian-born European writer Vintilă Horia - whose birth centenary is celebrated this year - was a genuine searcher of truth. His entire work pleads for transgressive-integrating knowledge, in opposition to binary logic and scientism; it is the privileged space of articulation between cognition, creation and gnosis, between the apophatism of science, mystic apofatism and artistic apofatism. Although much less known than the trilogy of exile - Dieu est né en exil (1960), Le chevalier de la résignation (1961) and ¡Perseguid a Boecio! (1983) - the small-sized novel Le voyage à San Marcos (1972) acts as an exemplary attestation to this pompous conjunction. The current article focuses especially on the text’s trans-temporal valence
EN
This paper considers the ways in which contemporary painting of still life accepts the address of its tradition. Tradition is considered here as cultural memory reiterated and transformed over time. The means by which contemporary artists work with, and against, tradition are explored through ideas of reverie, play and material process. Melancholy is a characteristic of the genre of still life, one that crosses time, and is thus given particular attention in relation to traditional and contemporary still life. Whilst Part I is an exploration of the themes and issues described above, Part II (case studies) is an attempt to exemplify them through the work of three contemporary British painters: Alan Salisbury, Emma Bennett and G.L. Brierley of whom it can be said that they paint playfully melancholic paintings of still life.
EN
The relationship between memory and literature is a complex and curious one. While memory implies a relation with the past, with the factual, literature’s realm is the fictional. They, nevertheless, implicate each other: while re-membering the past which is what is gone and not there anymore always entails mediation and a degree of fictionality, we can consider literary language as acting out psychic processes through metaphor, concealment and temporal dislocation. The novel that I deal with in this paper is Austerlitz by W.G. Sebald which recounts the story of a series of chance encounters between two travelers – the narrator and Austerlitz – in a time span of thirty years. As they traverse Europe, conceived in the text as a landscape in which cultural, natural and personal history intermingle, their paths converge several times and it is in their lengthy talks that Austerlitz’s traumatic past gradually emerges. Sent to England by his parents on a kindertransport just before the beginning of the Second World War and raised in Wales by foster parents, Austerlitz pursues a life unaware of his real identity. In this paper, focusing on the relationship of forgetting and remembering with storytelling, I explore how the mnemonic processes are represented in the text with an emphasis on the effect of the mechanisms of repression on the way the narrative is told.
EN
In Tego lata, w Zawrociu, Hanna Kowalewska presents a multi-layered story about the fate of the young heiress to the family fortune, called Matylda. This turns out to be an attempt to face the past, history and music that describe the mythical space of Zawrocie. The mysterious bond that combines music and nature complements the discovered puzzles of the past. Diary cards, old photographs are elements of the game which Matilda joins.
PL
Hanna Kowalewska w Tego lata, w Zawrociu prezentuje wielowątkową opowieść o losach młodej dziedziczki rodzinnej fortuny – Matyldy. Okazuje się to próbą zmierzenia się z przeszłością, historią, muzyką, które opisują mityczną przestrzeń Zawrocia. Tajemnicza więź łącząca muzykę i naturę stanowi uzupełnienie odkrywanych zagadek z przeszłości. Kartki pamiętnika, pożółkłe fotografie stanowią elementy gry, w którą włącza się Matylda.
PL
Niepamięć to „społecznie znacząca luka w pamięci zbiorowej, dotycząca postaci i faktów o istotnym znaczeniu dla zbiorowości, co odróżnia ją od naturalnego procesu zapominania, który nie powoduje uszczerbku dla teraźniejszości czy przyszłej kultury lub tożsamości” (Kwiatkowski 2009, s. 144). Wybór podjętej problematyki wynika z potrzeby podjęcia przez pedagogów społecznych rozważań i działań dotyczących niektórych, aktualnych, negatywnych zjawisk społecznych w Polsce. Podejmuję zagadnienia dotyczące migracyjnej przeszłości Polaków oraz ich aktualnego przebiegu. Podaję też wybrane przykłady wielowiekowej, polskiej wspólnoty wielokulturowej, której spuściznę można dostrzec w każdej przestrzeni życia w kraju. Przykłady te są tłem do dalszych rozważań, które odnoszą się do zjawiska ich niedostrzegania, lekceważenia, niepamiętania, które zauważam w publicznej debacie i w codziennych, coraz bardziej wyraźnych działaniach niektórych osób i grup w Polsce.
EN
Non-memory is a socially meaningful gap in the collective memory of a society which concerns people and facts that are relevant for the community. It differs from a natural process of forgetting as the latter one does not cause any detriment for present or future culture or identity. The choice of the subject arises from the necessity for social pedagogues to discuss and act on some negative social phenomena currently appearing in Poland. In the following paper I address the issue of past and present migrations of Polish citizens. I, additionally, provide selected examples of centuries-old multicultural community of Poles whose legacy can be observed in every sector of life. The aforementioned examples serve as a background for further analysis, which focuses on the occurrence of non-recognition, inattentiveness, non-memory that I acknowledge in public debates as well as in everyday actions of certain groups and individuals in Poland.
EN
This article takes a look at contemporary Polish prose dealing with theme of the Shoah. “Contemporary”, in this case, means fiction published in the 1990s and after the year 2000, thus already in the twenty-first century. It therefore comprises the last twenty-five years. The fundamental categories used here in the analyses of texts, are the memory and post-memory of the Shoah. The authors who have published works over the last twenty five years have either been witnesses of these events (i.e. Children of the Holocaust), or – more often – representatives of the second or third generation after the Shoah. In this article, contemporary Polish fiction will be exemplified by the prose of Marek Bieńczyk, Piotr Szewc, Igor Ostachowicz, Mariusz Sieniewicz and Piotr Paziński. Analysis contains four categories which structure both the world represented and the form of the prose: transgression, pop-culture, history and metonymy.
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