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EN
The open-air kindergarten in Międzyrzecz is an object of public greenery attended by children. Its location in the center of the city, surrounded by busy streets, causes disadvantages which must be prevented. The paper present the importance of public greenery in the lives of both children and young people as well. It also shows the importance of different types of playgrounds in psycho-motor development of children. The paper presents a the summary history of the development of the open-air kindergartens and children?s playgrounds on Polish territory as well. The selection of the plants species appropriate for planting in areas used by children is also outlined. An important part of the paper is to present the results of the inventory conducted in the open-air kindergarten in Międzyrzecz. The inventory includes both the list of the tree species and their percentage stand in that location as well as the health status of those trees.
EN
Priest Paweł Mikulski was born on 16 August 1896 in Plebanówka in the Borderlands. After graduating from the Faculty of Theology at the Theological Seminary in Lviv, he was ordained a priest by Archbishop Józef Bilczewski. In the years 1921-1945, he ministered to three parishes in the Stanisławów province. Together with parishioners, he left for the Regained Territories in the Opole diocese. He was then transferred to the bishop’s curia in Gorzów Wlkp. In the years 1947-1960, he was the administrator and parish priest of the parish of Saint John the Baptist in Międzyrzecz. On 22 August 1960, he retired at the age of 64. He settled as a resident priest in Chojna, where he died on 20 June 1977. The pastoral service of Rev. Paweł Mikulski coincided with the most difficult period of growing tensions and open repression of the communist authorities against the Church and him. The Department for Denominational Affairs of the State Security Office constantly kept Rev. Mikulski under surveillance. He is remembered by the inhabitants of Międzyrzecz as a committed priest who understood his parishioners.
PL
Ogród Jordanowski w Międzyrzeczu to obiekt zieleni publicznej wykorzystywany przez dzieci i młodzież. Jego lokalizacja w centrum miasta, w otoczeniu ruchliwych ulic, powoduje różnego rodzaju niedogodności, którym należy zapobiegać. W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące znaczenia zieleni w życiu dzieci i młodzieży oraz znaczenie różnego rodzaju placów zabaw w rozwoju psycho-ruchowym najmłodszych. Zaprezentowano także skróconą historię rozwoju placów zabaw oraz ogrodów jordanowskich na terenie Polski. Zwrócono także uwagę na właściwy dobór roślin do sadzenia na terenach użytkowanych przez dzieci. Istotną częścią pracy jest przedstawienie wyników inwentaryzacji – obejmujących zarówno spis gatunków i ich udział procentowy w drzewostanie Ogrodu, jak i stan zdrowotny zinwentaryzowanej roślinności.
PL
Doktor Hieronim Szantruczek (1887-1965) ukończył studia lekarskie w Krakowie. W czasie pierwszej wojny światowej uczestniczył w walkach II Brygady Legionów Polskich. Po wojnie był dyrektorem szpitali m.in. w Lwowie, Nowym Targu, Rzeszowie. Po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej przeniósł się do Międzyrzecza, gdzie organizował szpital, którym kierował do przejścia na emeryturę tzn. do końca marca 1961 roku. Doktor Adam Szantruczek (1927-1995) ukończył, podobnie jak ojciec, studia w Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Od 1 stycznia 1962 r. do 31 stycznia 1970 r. kierował międzyrzeckim szpitalem. Zarówno doktor Hieronim Szantruczek, jak i jego syn Adam zapisali się we wdzięcznej pamięci mieszkańców Międzyrzecza, nie tylko jako znakomici chirurdzy, ale też jako wybitni działacze społeczno-polityczni.
EN
Dr. Hieronim Szantruczek (1887-1965) was a graduate in medicine from Krakow. During the First World War he took part in the battles of the Second Brigade of the Polish Legions.­ After the war he was the director of hospitals, inter alia, in Lviv, Nowy Targ, Rzeszow. After the Second World War he moved to the town of Międzyrzecz, where he organized the hospital. He was its director to the end of March 1961 when he went into retirement. Dr. Adam Szantruczek (1927-1995), graduated from medicine, like his father, in Krakow. From 1 January 1962 to 31 January 1970, he was the director of the municipal hospital in Międzyrzecz. Both Dr. Hieronim Szantruczek and his son Adam signed up in grateful memory of inhabitants of the town of Międzyrzecz, not only as an excellent surgeons, but also as a prominent political and social activists.
EN
Two whole and four halved Brandenburg deniers were found near Międzyrzecz. They were probably a part of a hoard discovered earlier, perhaps at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The circumstances of the discovery did not allow for obtaining metrological data, but the authenticity of the find should not raise any doubts. The coins of Margraviate origin (undoubtedly there are at least four of them: Nos 1–4), were indicatively minted in the 1275–1295 period. The last two deniers (Nos 5 and 6) are also undoubtedly Ascanian, although their Brandenburg origin is not certain (they may belong to the Anhalt or Saxon-Wittenberg issue). All identified Brandenburg deniers from the vicinity of Międzyrzecz have analogies in finds registered in Poland within present borders. This small hoard, according to the newest systematics, was hidden around the year 1300.
PL
W pobliżu Międzyrzecza zostały znalezione, w niewielkim oddaleniu od siebie, dwa całe i cztery przepołowione denary brandenburskie. Zapewne jest to fragment skarbu odkrytego wcześniej, być może na przełomie XIX i XX w. Okoliczności znalezienia nie pozwoliły na pozyskanie danych metrologicznych, jednak autentyczność znaleziska nie powinna budzić wątpliwości. Monety pochodzenia marchijskiego, a bezsprzecznie jest ich co najmniej cztery (nr 1–4), orientacyjnie wybite zostały w przedziale czasowym 1275–1295. Niechybnie askańskimi są również dwa ostatnie denary (nr 5 i 6), aczkolwiek ich pochodzenie brandenburskie nie jest pewne (mogą należeć do emisji anhalckiej lub saksońsko-wittenberskiej). Wszystkie rozpoznane denary brandenburskie spod Międzyrzecza mają analogie w znaleziskach pochodzących z obecnych granic Polski. Ten niewielki zespół, według przyjętej najnowszej systematyki, ukryty został około 1300 r.
PL
Many years of excavation works in the gord in Międzyrzecz have resulted in discovering the remains of three small glass workshops from the second half of the 10th century, the second half of the 11th century and the 13th century. The scarce and typically scattered sources have made it possible to identify the workshops’ nature and, to a very limited extent, the products manufactured there. The discovery included pieces of large and small crucibles, waste from the preliminary stage of glass melting. Most probably, low-alkaline potassium glass was produced there
Adhibenda
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2017
|
issue 4
31-51
EN
The following study focuses on the role of sanctuaries, which – as places where faith was propagated among the Polish population settled here in 1945 – are located in the areas of the historical church administration, namely the diocese of Kamienna (1140-1545) and Lubusz (1124/25-1564), inhabited primarily by German citizens. The analysis shows the history of several selected sanctuaries, the ones which continuously functioned from the Middle Ages onwards. Smaller ones were not included, as they were not frequently visited, and thus did not have significant influence in the process of shaping spiritual life, or were completely liquidated. The main purpose of the article is to answer the question about the influence of the sanctuaries on the development of religious awareness (until 1945) and the national and religious awareness of the population of this region (after 1945). The sanctuaries presented in the study were the places of lively religious worship over the centuries. Their role was even strengthened after 1945, when the Catholic Church entrusted them with the task of promoting both the Catholic faith and the national identity of the new settlers. This identity was developed not only in a ‘positive’ way, that is referring to the union of these areas with the Piast tradition, but also in a ‘negative’ way: removing all traces of the centuries-long presence of the Germans in this region. In particular, religious stereotypes that linked the Catholic Church to the Polish nation became evident in these places. They refer to the image of Poland as the bulwark of Christianity and a Pole-Catholic. It is also worth noting that they played a significant role in the process of organizing Polish society after World War II. Like all the clichés, they began to live their own lives and became embedded in the consciousness of the vast population of the Western Lands. The Church, to some extent, contributed to strengthening the myth of the Polish nation as a sacrifice. According to many priests of the above-mentioned sanctuaries, each Pole was a deeply religious patriot, affectionately connected with the Catholic Church. Undoubtedly, these places contributed to strengthening the union of the religious community and to maintaining ties with Catholicism. The Church was the only institution after World War II to influence all layers of society and to cultivate not only religious but also cultural and political traditions, among other things, through the celebration of national anniversaries. The places of religious worship described here were the communio sanctorum through the centuries - a special space of communication between the earthly and the supernatural. The sanctuaries presented here had to face a number of difficulties over the centuries. In addition to the wars – which often resulted in churches being destroyed or converted into buildings which served other purposes, a significant role was played by the Reformation, whose doctrine did not allow for developing sanctuaries and worshipping saints. Over the centuries, the Western Territories changed in terms of nationality and religion; however, the fact that those sanctuaries still existed helped the faithful to perceive the continuation of the Catholic faith cultivated in these areas through the centuries.
EN
In the late medieval settlement layers of the gord in Międzyrzecz, a small collection of glass vessels was excavated. Several forms of tableware were reconstructed and research was conducted into the chemical composition of the glass. The examined piece of a vessel and the glass is potassium glass which comes in two varieties: calcium-potassium-magnesium-silica (CaO-K2O-MgO-SiO2) and calcium-potassium-magnesium-aluminium-silica (CaO-K2O-MgO-Al.2O3-SiO2). The forms of the vessels and the chemical composition of the examined glass indicate the basic goods manufactured in Central Europe.
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