Search results - CEJSH

1

Tradition and Canon in Medieval Arabic Poetry

100%

Filshtinsky I. M.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 43, (1984), wyd. 1985

2

Lord-Vassal Relations during the Rise of the Kamakura Bakufu

100%

Szulc S.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 41, Z. 1 (1979)

3

Medieval Inspirations in Cyprian Norwid’s Poetry

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Halkiewicz-Sojak G.

Colloquia Litteraria

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2018

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issue 4

EN

The author begins with underscoring Norwid’s defence of the intellectual achievements of the Middle Ages in part XII of Rzecz o wolności słowa. It prompts her to speculate about the importance and trajectories of reflections on the Middle Ages in Norwid’s poetry in general. Subsequently, Halkiewicz-Sojak casts the topic against the background concerning the romantic fascination with the Medieval tradition and specifically Polish difficulties in adapting the European (northern) variation of that current. On the one hand, Norwid’s considerations upon Godfred’s attitudes in Tasso’s Jersusalem Delivered and Cervantes’s Don Quixote lead to the conclusion that a nineteenth-century poet can only repeat Cervantes’s character’s gestures; therefore, for the author the Medieval props will be the book and the candle rather than a continuation of chivalrous adventures. On the other hand, Norwid – especially in the early drama mystery plays – conjures up poetic worlds of the Slavic Middle Ages and focuses his attention on the Christian initiation of the Slavdom.

4

J. Banaszkiewicz, Takie sobie średniowieczne bajeczki

100%

Żmudzki P.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2012

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issue 2(3)

365–373

XX

A review of Jacek Banaszkiewicz's book pt. Takie sobie średniowieczne bajeczki, wprowadzenie Michał Tomaszek, Kraków 2012, ss. 603.

5

Średniowieczna retoryka jako czynnik kształtujący sztuki plastyczne. Przegląd podstawowych problemów

85%

Tabor D.

Analecta Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 44

EN

In the Middle Age the rhetoric was one of the seven liberal arts. Its position in the medieval culture Has been confirmed by Cassiodor, Isidor of Sevilla, Augustin of Hippona and Martianus Capella. The medieval rhetoric was composedof five parts: inventio (invention), dispositio (disposition), elucutio (elocution), memoria (memory) and pronuntiatio (pronuntiation). Only three of them exertet real influence on the fine arts. Inventio controlled the proces of choice of the ideas, which have benn represented by images in work of arts. Dispositio collocated the images in the whole structure of work of art. Elocutio applicated some rhetorical figure in order to communicate some massages throughout the images. In the Middle Ages existed two sources, which inspired the mediewal rhetoric. The fitst Skurce was the ancien, greek and roman rhetoric , the second – the semitic, biblical rhetoric. In the Bible exist two important literary and rhetorical structures – the parallelism and the centripetal construction. These structures influenced some models of composition of narrative cycles and series of images. Rhetor – a hypothetical personage, educated in trivium and quatrivium and expert in the rhetoric, played important role in the mediewal culture. He collaborated with artist and he applicated the rhetorical methods and rhetorical figure in the creation of works of art.

6

School Legislation of Ecumenical Councils from the 12th to the First Half of the 14th Century and the Beginning of its Reception in Medieval Poland – the Outline of the Problem

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Ratajczak K.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2018

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issue 38

37-52

EN

The aim of the paper is an analysis of a broadly understood legislation of general councils which took place in an important period for the development of the then educational system and culture – at the height of the Middle Ages (12th–13th c.). While analysing the written records of synodal and council acts, several interesting aspects can be considered: the regulations related to the education of clergy (the diocesan ones, as the same issues concerning monastic orders were regulated by the inner legislation of general chapters), the organization of schools and teaching programmes, the records telling about the moralizing influence on the community of the faithful, and finally, the attitude of the Church toward the question of general access to education, including the functioning of universities. The presented study demonstrates a significant role of ecclesiastical school legislation for the development of the educational system in mediaeval Poland. Also, it can be noticed that all changes in this matter were the result of legislative activity of the Church but also responded to the educational needs of the contemporary society. The latter, in turn, stemmed from a general civilizational development of Latin Europe, the part of which were the lands being under the rule of the Piast dynasty.

7

DIE INTEGRATIONSBEMÜHUNGEN DES BÖHMISCHEN KÖNIGS GEORG VON PODIEBRADY ZUM ZWECKE DER GEWÄHRLEISTUNG DER EUROPÄISCHEN SICHERHEIT (INTEGRATION EFFORTS OF THE CZECH KING GEORGE OF PODĚBRADY IN ORDER TO ENSURE EUROPEAN SAFETY)

80%

Schelle K.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2014

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vol. 15(15)

253-257

EN

Turkish danger influenced the origination of several concepts, whose authors are people actively effecting political life. French scholar, political economist and royal adviser Antonius Marini, under the leadership of the Emperor and the Pope, wanted to create an anti-Turkish coalition of all Christian states. His project, like the concept of Pierre Dubois, has some connection to the peace project which is, from our - Czech – perspective, undoubtedly the most significant. It is the peace project of the Czech King George of Poděbrady of the years of 1462 to 1464.

8

Ius resistendi w wiekach średnich. Zarys problematyki

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Skomiał J.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 2

63 - 93

EN

The medieval right to resist was part of the political sphere (individual and then collective actions), being at the same time a theoretical construct and later on also a legal institution. As it belonged to these three spheres, it was approached in a variety of ways. The question was defined fairly precisely only in normative acts of the early 13th century (institutionalisation of the right to resist). Drawing on Article 61 of Magna Charta (1215), it could be said that the right to resist was a right granted by the ruler (by way of a normative act in the form of a contract) authorising the subjects to collectively react in a variety of ways to the monarch’s actions violating their rights and privileges as well as principles of conduct and customs. Earlier on in the Middle Ages the aim of ius resistendi was to restore disrupted order. This was associated with the problem of bad ruler (tyrant) and a vision of the ruler’s role in society. In the Late Middle Ages the right to resist began to be used as a method of shaping the relations between society’s elite and the ruler. As a means to restore the social order, the right to resist assumed various forms. The so-called passive right to resist consisted in “disobedience” (refusal to fulfil an obligation), while the so-called active right to resist was manifested in both “harassment” of the ruler (attacks on the monarch’s officials and estates) and armed fight against the ruler until his deposition. Given the aim of ius resistendi (reparation by the ruler of what he had done wrong), “tyrannicide” as its radical form was unique. The evolution of the right to resist was influenced by the early Christian thought and German tradition as well as feudalism with its principle whereby the superior’s felony justified refusal to obey. Until the 11th century the question of ius resistendi was rarely raised among the Visigoths or the Franks. A breakthrough came with the investiture contest and the recognition of the possibility of depriving a monarch of his power, if he violated the existing order. This view was used in later disputes between the subjects and their rulers as well as in contract-based agreements concluded by the conflicted parties. The 13th century saw both a culmination of theoretical reflections (St. Thomas’ views) and first signs of a weakening of the political significance of ius resistendi (omission of regulations concerning it from monarchs’ confirmations, recognition of the risk of resorting to ius resistendi owing to an uncertain outcome, the question of caution in theoretical considerations). Towards the end of the Middle Ages ius resistendi began to be replaced by actions of state-wide assemblies of estates restraining the ruler.

9

Z Konstantynopola do Rzymu. Ilustrowane przepowiednie w służbie średniowieczne] propagandy politycznej i religijnej

80%

Potesta G. L.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2009

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issue 23

145-168

EN

The paper was presented in Poznań on 23 April 2009 during an open seminar dedicated to a phenomenon of prophetism in the Middle Ages. The subject of the lecture is medieval pope prophecies Genus nequam, their genesis, their rhetoric and conversions which they underwent in the Middle ages. The archetype of prophecies Genus nequam well-known in the West were Byzantine Oracula Leonis. They belong to the so-called basileiographeion, i.e. medieval pamphlets, directed against ruling Byzantine emperors. The motive of a she-bear and an emperor rising from the dead in Oracula Leonis gave inspiration to obscure authors of Genus nequam. The she-bear was associated with the pope Nicholas III, coming from a powerful Roman family Orsini and famous for his nepotism. The resurrected emperor from Oracula Leonis served as an example of an ideal pope who would reform church. A negative character of a man with a sickle and a rose noticeable in Byzantine prophecies was modified so as to point to the pope Celestine V (1294). Circles of radical supporters of church reform were glad of his appointment and hoped for renewal. After his rapid resignation the prophecies started announcing another pope, who would continue the interrupted mission of Celestine V. Genus nequam are the example of an interesting medieval collection of symbols and figures, which may convey specific religious and political information.

10

Wizja ¡ proroctwo w Liber ostensor Jana z Roquetaìllade (+1365)

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Grzeszczak J.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2009

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issue 23

169-190

EN

The issue touched in the article is vision and prophecy on the basis of Liber ostensor by John of Roquetaillade, a Franciscan visionary and long-term prisoner of Franciscan and Roman Inquisition. This extensive work was written in 1356 in Avignon and was dedicated to the cardinal Elie Talleyrand de Périgord, who, as a nuncio, had to carry into effect the conclusion of peace between England and France. Liber ostensor is a Franciscan and eschatological work. It conveys an apocalyptic augury of events which will take place in the latter part of the XIV century. One of the main plots of the work is a medieval dispute about evangelical poverty. It resulted in the radicalization of views of John of Roquetaillade. The Franciscan experienced many visions of angels, Mother of God, St Francis of Assisi, and also the Antichrist, which strengthened his conviction about the rightness of his views. John of Roquetaillade prophesies a punishment that will affect the Avignonese papacy and Europe. After sins of people of church have been punished, there will appear a pope-reformer, who will lead mankind into a new era, directly preluding the end of the world. The author of Liber ostensor is an interesting example of the resurgence of millenarism in the Middle Ages.

11

HISTORYCY Z POZNAŃSKIEGO OŚRODKA NAUKOWEGO (UAM-U) WOBEC PROBLEMATYKI ŹRÓDŁOZNAWSTWA, DZIEJÓW POLITYCZNYCH I WOJSKOWYCH POLSKIEGO ŚREDNIOWIECZA – PRZEGLĄD NAJNOWSZYCH BADAŃ

80%

Samp M.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2016

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issue 1

75-100

EN

The article briefly presents the latest historical achievements from the University Adam Mickiewicz’s in Poznań which concentrated on the selected issues of polish mediaeval studies. This overview includes the most important scientific texts with the 2001-2014 years, especially research works analyzes rudimentary problems from historical source, politics and the military history of indigenous Middle Ages (X-XV centuries). At the end of considerations indicates that historical papers and dissertations is very important to the reconstruct political and military history during medieval period on polish lands.

12

Fragment der städtischen Wehrmauer des Krakauer Kazimierz, freigelegt 2005 an der Podgórska-Straße im Bereich des Spitals der Barmherzigen Brüder

80%

Niemiec D.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2009

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vol. 1

341-345

EN

In October and December 2005, trial archaeological excavations were conducted on the north side of the Podgórska Street in Krakow, in an area of Medieval city wall of Kazimierz, in its fragment which currently constitutes a fence of the Hospitallers Hospital. Results showed that the structure of the stone defensive wall is not uniform and phases of its changes related primarily to the modern superstructures of authentic Gothic part can be observed. According to historical sources, the basic sections of stone fortifications of Medieval Kazimierz were erected between 1362 and 1369.

13

MIĘDZY BRAKIEM DOŚWIADCZENIA A ŻALEM ZA UTRACONĄ MŁODOŚCIĄ – LITERACKIE OBRAZY MŁODOŚCI I STAROŚCI W ŚREDNIOWIECZU

80%

Godlewicz-Adamiec J.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2017

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vol. 11

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issue XI

159-172

PL

Human sensitivity to changes happening in the course of time and the theme of youth and old age is apparent throughout the ages in various cultures. In literature and visual arts of all cultures young protagonists are universally favoured, as may be well perceived in the arts connected with the court, where the motif of youth is invariably sought after and acquires the dominant status. At that stage even the presen-tations of old people are realised in such a context. Medieval literature contains both the record of regret after lost youth and the awareness of the experience gained in the course of life. It addresses the question of the relationship of old age and love and of the changing relationship with people at various stages of human life in the context of the varying perception of youth and old age.

14

Zeměpanské konfi rmační listiny pro česká a slezská města do 1419 roku

80%

Velička T.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

212-233

EN

The author has attempted to provide a holistic view of the practice of confi rming the documents for the royal and princely towns in the area of Bohemia and Silesia (the area of Moravia has already been explored in this respect) by the ruler. Confi rmatory documents formed an integral part of the production of the writing offi ces of the rulers of both examined territories, i.e., the Czech kings and the princes of Silesia. Whilst in the case of Bohemia the issuer is unambiguous (the King of Bohemia), the issuers from the region of Silesia could have included the Silesian princes (including the Bishop of Wrocław), the Czech king and the royal starosts (governors) in the principalities directly subject to the Czech ruler as issuers. Generally, confi rmatory documents are deemed to have been diplomatic acts which confi rmed the existence of a legal reality. These included not only documents (alternatively confi rmatory documents issued in the form of a mandate), whereby the rulers confi rmed the prevailing legal acts of their predecessors, but also those which confi rmed acts of their subjects. A selection of merely one group of recipients was deliberate, notwithstanding the resultant, apparently incomplete image. Such an approach has its advantages, inasmuch as it allows the examination of the resources in a more compact form, and what is more, throughout two territories to some extent shaped by various traditions. The author focuses largely on several issues related to confi rmatory documents, notably on the differentiation between confi rmatory and dispositive documents. Both types are to some extent convergent, and sometimes the dispositive formula is present in some confi rmatory documents. Furthermore, dispositive documents are sometimes deemed to be one of the degrees of confi rmation. Nevertheless, in most cases notable is a variance in the usage of both types of documents. First, the author presents a quantitative review of the number of documents issued for particular towns. Was there a direct principle saying that the more important and richer the town, the more confi rmative documents are found? How can we measure the ‘validity’ and ’wealth’ of each of the analysed towns? Which towns can boast of confi rmations issued by the majority of successive rulers and which have to be satisfi ed with merely a few acts? This question needs to be explored also from a different point of view: we need to determine the role of confi rmatory documents in the policy of the rulers towards the towns as well as how it was refl ected in the different phases of the duke’s (king’s) reign. The motives behind issuing individual acts of confi rmation and the question what forced the towns to make efforts to have their privileges confi rmed are essential elements of the author’s inquiry. The reasons might have been both external, namely the position of the town’s ruler, and internal – problems inherent in the functioning of a given centre.

15

Kariera majątkowa kasztelana rogozińskiego Przecława Potulickiego w późnośredniowiecznej Wielkopolsce

80%

Górczak Z.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2016

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issue 1(10)

64-102

EN

The second half of the fi fteenth century witnessed the beginning of lasting political and property careers of a number of families from Wielkopolska. Among them were, e.g., the Górka family, the Szamotulski family, the Ostroroga family and the Czarnkowski family. The career of Przecław Potulicki, the castellan of Rogoźno (died 1486) is unique in this context. The founder of the future power of his family came from impoverished nobility. He did not hold any high offi ce, nor did he play a greater role in political life. He did not possess any major royal domain, nor did he have income from church property. However, during 50 years of being active in the economic field, he amassed a fortune comparable to the latifundia of the greatest magnates of Wielkopolska at the time: four towns and 49 villages. This was done mainly by purchase, which cost him a total of: 9212 of Polish grzywnas, 785 Prussian grzywnas, 400 threescores of groschen and 2930 fl orins. The foundations of the importance of the Potulicki family established by Przecław turned out to be sound and lasting.

16

New Findings of Bayonet-Pointed Kords Within Ukraine

80%

PROKOPENKO V., SYCHEVS’KYJ S.

Historia i Świat

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2018

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issue 7

275-279

EN

This article continues the authors’ preliminary research in the history of weapons within the territory of modern Ukraine and is dedicated to the introduction of three kords with a bayonet-shaped blade into the scientific circulation. Combined in this publication on the basis of a specific structure of the blade, they are quite peculiar and extraordinary specimens of combat knives dating from the period between the 15th and the early 16th centuries.

17

Vesnice sedláků, hostů, nevolníků. K profilu venkova staršího středověku

80%

Žemlička J.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 1

7-18

EN

We have lots of information about the look and forms of medieval villages, we know less about their social profile. As indicated by research, there were also villages where special citizen groups were concentrated in the Early Middle Ages, such as villages of peasants, serfs, fishermen, guests etc. (villae rusticorum, servorum, piscatorum, hospitorum).

18

Uchopení lenní problematiky v české a evropské literatuře z hlediska historiografi ckého diskursu

80%

Novotná M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

199-211

EN

Similar to other historical phenomena, understanding feudal issues has always been closely related to the changes of historiographical discourse. In the nineteenth century, the institution of fi ef was treated as a component of feudalism and as such fairly negatively valued, whilst when in later literature, popular became a notion of feudal law, a kind of a legal system, its importance was highly overrated. Examined within the framework of legal history, the issue of fi efdom gained independence with the advent of processuality of the historical process in historical sciences, e.g., in the form of infl uence of sociology in the monograph from the late 1920s La société féodale by Marc Bloch, who saw elements similar to feudalism and feudal institutions in areas outside Europe. Positive assessment of the feudal system emerged in the context of the formation of territorial structures of the state, mainly due to the German scholar of history of law – Heinrich Mitteis. Further impulses, largely referring to older ideas, occurred together with the problematisation of some institutions formerly deemed immutable, such as feudalism, as well as the recognition of the feudal system as an independent social structure, not subject to the infl uence of historical factors and processes, e.g., in the 1953 monograph of Georges Duby La société aux XIe et XIIe siècles dans la région mâconnaise. Some shortcomings of the structural perspective were overcome by a more fl exible interpretation of the phenomena in the spirit of the postmodern discourse, e.g., through studies on vassals. The postmodern critique inspired the work of Susan Reynolds (Fiefs and Vasalls), who in addition to the use of traditional concepts, undermined the continuity of the historical process, or our understanding of the continuity of the historical process in accordance with Neo-Kantian philosophy. The Czech historiography, naturally, went through analogous processes, the change best attested to in the 1952 paper Lennie právo v Čechách by František Graus, who, within the Marxist discourse on the periodisation of history, applied the structural approach to the problems of feudal system, yet, as regards the title of the said article, still remained within the former discourse.

19

The school legislation of the Catholic Church in the Hussitian times

80%

Ratajczak K.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 2

60-73

EN

The aim of the paper is to show the state and changes in the school legislation of the Catholic Church in the crucial period of its history, between 1378 and 1477. The focus of the analysis is especially on the acts of law decreed by the popes, on the canons of the councils, but also on the ius particulare of those ecclesiastical provinces that were affected by the Hussite movement. Also, factors influencing the ecclesiastical law in the realm of education are analysed, such as political, social, economic besides religious. Very important was the question if the changes could be controlled or inspired by the Church or whether the changes of the school legislation were only meant to preserve the status quo.

20

Globalizacja – czyli stare i nowe średniowiecze. Podobne symptomy końca i wykuwanie się nowego ładu

80%

Laszczak M.

Polonia Journal

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2020

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issue 11

41-66

EN

Comparing modernity with the Middle Ages, you can see how different the times were, but this difference disappears when you look at it from a distance and focus your attention mainly on signals of decline. There are many of them, for example changing the approach to the globalization process. The Medieval Silk Road was getting deserted in the fourteenth century, citizens frightened by the plague, were locked in their national communities. Crises, riots – are well known from the past. And although today special institutions are involved in maintaining global order, they are not effective enough. One can get the impression that a new era has been forging before our eyes. If this is the case, it is worth paying attention to those activities that helped survive medieval crisis. The principles thanks to which many countries managed to take a better position are also valid in the twenty-first century. It is worth using them. Presently, we witness a lot of threats, but it is the moment concealing unique opportunities.

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