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EN
Translation of a one-act comedy Interview is the second work by Octave Mirbeau published in Poland. Mirbeau (1848-1917) was a French free-thinker and anarchist, exponent of “theater of combat”, whose message – popular in the era of the Third Republic – was adopted by emancipatory movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The play premiered on February 2, 1909 in Grand-Guignol. This translation was made from the original edition: Octave Mirbeau, Théâtre complet. Textes choisis, établis et presentes par Pierre Michel, Eurédit, 2003 pp. 195–215. All comments are by the translator .
FR
Before World War 1, French painter Léon Bonnat became famous by portraying celebrities, among which almost every leading politician in the newly founded Republic. His academic and dark style however was criticized by art critics and humourists; hence his portraits put on stage in character comedies have to be read as critics of the very people they represent and of himself as an official artist.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the presentation of the novel body in the literature of the second half of the nineteenth century against the backdrop of the crisis of structures that appears along with romanticism and gains strength in the second half of the nineteenth century. This was a time saturated with ideas of socio-biological evolutionism, which promote materialism, entropy, transformation and the disintegration of permanent structures, including socio-economic ones (Marx, Capital). Flaubert, Zola and Mirbeau, faithful to this poetics, subordinate the presentation of the body to the dynamics of change, including images of “volatilization” and decay. These “volatile” and crumbling bodies are at odds with the realist-naturalistic poetics prevailing in the second half of the nineteenth century, dominated by ostentatious materialism. This peculiar transformation of the physical state of matter, from “solid” to “volatile,” may have been interpreted as a symptom of a change in the way reality is presented. As this analysis shows, the volatility of bodies becomes in realist writers an indestructible form of decay and (still) a material form of absence that resists destruction by death. Paradoxically, taking a volatile form, the body does not disappear but reorganizes itself, dematerializing, transforming and reappearing. Both representations of the body and emerging modernity appear as a dynamic, constantly changing process and not as a frozen structure.
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