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EN
The object of the article is to detail the reasons used by Joseph Ratzinger to justify the binary ontological relationship between the Church and the Eucharist, projecting onto the identity of believers. With the use of an analytical-deductive method, it is argued that the Eucharist is not only an efficient cause for the existence of the Church and the continuance of believers in Christ, but it constitutes its essence and is the guarantor of the ontological identity of believers reflecting their mystical union with Christ and projecting onto the vitality of the Church. Based on Ratzinger’s theological writings, it is demonstrated that he found a justification for the complementarity of this relationship in the Christological-pneumatological dimension of the essence of the Church and the Eucharist expressed in the concepts: People of God, Mystical Body of Christ, and Community. He started from the event of the Last Supper as the foundation of the interdependence of Church and Eucharist. He emphasised the need to understand liturgical celebration to justify the vitality of the Church. He demonstrated the Christological/ontological principle linking the Church and the Eucharist on the basis of one faith, worship, supremacy, and fraternity.
PL
Przedmiotem badania w niniejszym artykule jest wyszczególnienie racji, którymi posłużył się Joseph Ratzinger do uzasadnienia binarnej ontologicznej zależności pomiędzy Kościołem a Eucharystią, rzutującej na tożsamość wierzących. Przy pomocy metody analityczno-dedukcyjnej artykuł wykazuje, że Eucharystia nie jest tylko przyczyną sprawczą dla istnienia Kościoła i trwania wierzących w Chrystusie, ale stanowi o jego istocie i jest gwarantem ontologicznej tożsamości wierzących, odzwierciedlającej ich mistyczne zjednoczenie z Chrystusem i rzutującej na witalność Kościoła. W oparciu o pisma teologiczne Ratzingera artykuł udowadnia, że znalazł on uzasadnienie komplementarności tej relacji w wymiarze chrystologiczno-pneumatologicznym istoty Kościoła i Eucharystii, wyrażonym w pojęciach: Lud Boży, Mistyczne Ciało Chrystusa i Wspólnota. Wyszedł z wydarzenia Ostatniej Wieczerzy jako fundamentu wzajemnej zależności Kościoła i Eucharystii. Podkreślił potrzebę zrozumienia celebracji liturgicznej dla uzasadnienia żywotności Kościoła. W oparciu o jedną wiarę, kult, zwierzchnictwo i braterstwo dowiódł chrystologicznej/ontycznej zasady łączącej Kościół i Eucharystię.
EN
Theological heritage of Thomas Aquinas isn’t based merely on systematical considerations of Christian doctrine, but also on many biblical commentaries. The biblical proclamation, which was subjected to proper medieval hermeneutic, is primary inspiration and necessary element of Thomas’ theology in all their branches, including likewise ecclesiology. Based on the text of commentary on Epistle to Ephesians in this paper is presented an outline of Aquinas’ theology of the Church. Due to analysis of crucial theological notions like: unity, Mystical Body of Christ, house, city-state, it is revealed an image of ecclesial community, which Thomas Aquinas draws from St. Paul’s exhortation and features as part of theological consideration. In this approach the unity of Christian represents ontological aspect, that means the way of community’s existence and goal of this existence, which isn’t an ultimate aim for the members but source to it. The unity is this an element in Aquinas ecclesiology, which binds all images of Church with themselves. Through the organic bound of peace in relationships and spiritual bound of faith the ecclesial community comprises the Mystical Body of Christ. The members in Mystical Body are united by the power of Head, namely Christ’s grace in the actual or possible way and different levels of personal union. The soul of Mystical Body is Holy Spirit, who fills up members by spiritual gifts, virtues and charisms coming from Christ and showing in concrete fellows, with concrete dispositions and abilities. So, if the Church exists in these christened people also express its second human nature, which has social and political aspects represented by visions of house (as family) and city-state. These ecclesiological perspectives, which also pay attention to particular aspects of Christ’s community, isn’t merely interesting, but up-to-date too and important for deeper understanding of Thomas Aquinas theological thoughts.
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