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Ius Matrimoniale
|
2016
|
vol. 27
|
issue 3
5-33
EN
In his motu proprio Apostolic Letter Mitis Iudex, Pope Francis underscores the role and responsibility of every Diocesan Bishop in the pastoral exercise of canonical justice and points out what must be done in the carrying out of the bishop’s own judicial power. The goal of this study is to bring together the teaching of the Pope and of the Church on the responsibility of the Diocesan Bishop in causes of marriage nullity. The question under study is not only presented in light of Mitis Iudex, but also takes into consideration other documents of the Holy See, especially those of the Apostolic Signatura, which sees to the correct administration of justice in the Church. For this reason the presentation of the topic is broader than its treatment in Mitis Iudex, and as a consequence it seeks a more comprehensive handling of the question at hand, naturally within the limits of such an article. In the first part of the study, questions of a doctrinal nature are dealt with, revealing, above all, that each Diocesan Bishop is the iudex natus of his own diocese. Therefore, he has not only the right, but also the duty – both of which have their origin in divine law – to judge coram Domino the cases of his faithful. In the next part, these rights and duties are presented, which then leads to an examination of the responsibility of the Diocesan Bishop in causes of marriage nullity. In the wake of the recent reforms – especially the elimination of the obligation to have a double conforming sentence and the introduction of the processus brevior – the responsibilities of the Diocesan Bishop are significantly amplified. In fact, in the pastoral exercise of his own judicial power, he must ensure that no laxism of any sort creeps in and that the truth is the foundation, mother, and law of justice in every aspect of the judicial process.
EN
The Synod of Bishops in 2014 showed how polarized are the positions in understanding and meaning of the sacramental marriage. In 2015 Holy Father Pope Francis issued new standards for testing the validity of marriages (mainly sacramental). Relevance and effectiveness of new solutions should be examined. The article focuses on the legal as well as legal and pastoral aspects of sacramentality of marriage. The standards were analysed related to the sacramentality at the stage of marriage and a declaration of non-existence or cessation of marriage. Considerations were divided into the following issues of concern: 1. Sacramentality of marriage in the teaching of the Church in the twentieth century. 2. Sacramentality of marriage in the CIC from 1983. (Esp. Can. 1055 § 1-2, 1056, 1065§ 2, 1099 1134) 3. Conclusion and cessation of non-sacramental marriages, 4. Conclusion and cessation of sacramental marriage. General conclusions and proposals for the future were described at the end. These analyses show that the sacramental nature of marriage of baptized stems from the New Testament. Dissolution of non-sacramental marriages is easier than sacramental. It is suggested that the dogmatists analyzed whether the unconditional call of a marriage contract and the sacrament is necessary. The new standards of Pope Francis require a process of their lawful use, reliability of employees in the ecclesiastical tribunals, as well as the great responsibility of the bishops and all the faithful. There is increasingly important need for a uniform discipline of the Church on marriage, including research and declared nullity. There should be increasing concern not only for people living in subsequent relationships, but also organizing special pastoral care of marriages, not just as families.
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