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EN
The paper considers the classical problem of time-cost analysis of projects involving the minimization of the cost in the given date of completion. Two models for linear and point representation of costs were formulated. We compared the efficiency (accuracy and computation time) of three methods of solving the problem: general method, a new algorithm for extending the activities W1 and the modified Kaufmann and Desbazeille'a algorithm.
EN
In the statistical process control the assumption of normal distribution is widely used. But in practical this assumption is often unfulfilled. In this situation appropriate transformation or nonclassical method should be used. The most commonly used methods of transformation are the curves Johnson. The most important problem with the use of Johnson curves is estimation of parameter and form of curves. This paper presents improvement of Slifker and Shapiro procedure (1980) by construction of optimization model based on chi-square statistic.
XX
W artykule przedstawiliono wyniki analizy ekonometrycznej zależności wzrostu gospodarczego od nierówności płac. Wykorzystując kwadratową funkcję (parabolę) w modelu wzrostu gospodarczego oszacowano optymalne wartości współczynnika Giniego. W badaniach potwierdzona została hipoteza o przyzwyczajeniu społeczeństwa do rosnących dysproporcji płac. Optymalne wartości współczynnika Giniego, reprezentujące społeczną akceptację zróżnicowania płac, rosną wraz z powiększaniem różnic w płacach i wzrostem poziomu gospodarczego. (fragment tekstu)
EN
In the article a hypothesis is formulated concering the social habit to increasing disproportions of earnings. The hypothesis is verified based on the economic growth model using data from 1970 to 2007. Econometric studies were carried out in two stages. The first stage covered estimating the optimal Gini coefficients for short sub-periods being moved increasingly in time. The second stage covered researches on the character of changes of the optimal Gini coefficients. In the studies we proved the hypothesis on the habit of society to increasing disproportions of earnings. The optimal Gini coefficients increase together with increasing economic level per capita and differences in earnings. The growth of the optimal Gini coefficient may be decreasing. (original abstract)
EN
This paper is devoted to multicriteria decision making under uncertainty with scenario planning. This topic has been explored by many researchers since almost all real-world decision problems contain multiple conflicting criteria and a deterministic criteria evaluation is often impossible. We propose a procedure for uncertain multi-objective optimization which may be applied when a mixed strategy is sought after. A mixed strategy, as opposed to a pure strategy, allows the decision maker to select and perform a weighted combination of several accessible alternatives. The new approach takes into account the decision maker’s preference structure and attitude towards risk. This attitude is measured by the coefficient of optimism on the basis of which a set of the most probable events is suggested and an optimization problem is formulated and solved.
PL
Przedsięwzięcia budowlane często obejmują swym zakresem roboty powtarzane na częściach obiektów. Proces budowy tych obiektów jest zazwyczaj dzielony na mniejsze elementy powierzane jednostkom organizacyjnym. Stosowaną w praktyce formą graficzną harmonogramów takich przedsięwzięć są cyklogramy. Najczęściej przyjmowanym kryterium ich optymalizacji jest minimalizacja czasu wykonania. Również w trakcie realizacji przedsięwzięć, w przypadku wystąpienia zakłóceń, jest konieczne podjęcie działań prowadzących do redukcji czasu realizacji pozostałych zadań. Najczęściej stosowane metody to: praca w godzinach nadliczbowych, alokacja dodatkowych zasobów lub relokacja zasobów zaangażowanych. W artykule rozważany jest problem doboru tych działań w celu redukcji czasu realizacji przedsięwzięcia liniowego pod kątem minimalizacji związanych z nimi kosztów. Opracowano model matematyczny zagadnienia. Sposób rozwiązania problemu przedstawiono na przykładzie.
EN
Construction projects often involve repetitive processes conducted in similar units. The project's scope is divided into simple processes to be conducted by particular gangs of specialized workers or machine sets. Schedules of such projects are usually presented graphically by two dimension coordinate system diagram. The main objective of schedule optimization is a project duration minimization. As the project proceeds, works may occur to be conducted not in accordance with the schedule, making the expected completion date seriously different from the as-planned date. In such cases, works need to be rescheduled, which usually means that durations of operations need also to be reduced. This can be achieved by working overtime, employing new resources or relocating resources from less important to critical tasks. The paper investigates into the problem of selecting duration reducing measures for a linear project minimizing cost of these measures. The authors put forward a mathematical model of the problem and illustrate its principle of operation with an example.
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