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Założenia ontologiczne i epistemologiczne sceptycyzmu Montaigne’a

100%
Sołtysiak M.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 4
69 - 87
EN
Montaigne is widely regarded as one of the most significant sceptics of the 16th century. His most important work, Essays, had a great impact on the thinkers of the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular on the philosophy of Descartes. The article presents Montaigne’s critique of senses and reason as sources of human knowledge. The elements of his scepticism that went beyond the sceptic arguments of ancient thinkers has been emphasized. The negative role of his ontological variabilism in knowing things has been underlined. As a result of the total criticism of the possibilities of human cognition made by the author of the Essays, attention has been paid to the non-sceptical type of the question posed by him: “What do I know?” (“Que sais-je?”). The answer to this question led him to fideism in cognition. At the end of the article, an attempt has been made to indicate Montaigne’s main epistemological and metaphysical assumptions that contributed to the problem of cognition. It has also been highlighted in what way the understanding of reason, method, and, above all, self became for Descartes, unlike Montaigne, the foundation of certain knowledge.
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Skepticismus a fideismus. Montaigne a Hume

88%
Parusniková Z.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 1
39-60
EN
The revival of Pyrrhonian scepticism in European thought of the seventeenth century had a significant influence not only on the further development of epistemology, but also on the sphere of theology. Sceptical denial of the legitimacy of rational judgement affected even the legitimacy of traditional arguments for God’s existence. The attempt to “save God” led to fideism in which faith is transferred to the sphere of inner experience, and is fraught with mystery. One of the main propagators of Pyrrhonism, and representatives of the fideistic turn, was Montaigne. What about Hume? Do we not find a similar strategy here too? After all, Hume accepted the irresolvability of epistemological scepticism by rational means, and he founded the positive structure of knowledge on human nature instead. Analogically, he might be inclined to go for the opposite pole of religious scepticism by endorsing the private faith of the heart, and he might perhaps even recognise this as a natural need in human life. The author, in her investigation of these questions, treats above all of Hume’s Dialogues and she arrives at the conclusion that Hume - in contrast to his predecessor Bayle - is perfectly devoted to an enlightened world where religion, especially in its fideistic form, belongs to the old times of “darkness”. It may be replaced, though, by the almost secular true religion practiced in an enlightened community.
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Wstępne uwagi o Sur la genèse

87%
Goshgarian G. M.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2012
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vol. 5
111-115
EN
G. M. Goshgarian describes historical and theoretical context in whichAlthusser’s note On Genesis has been written. Goshgarian indicated theoreticalsources of althusserian remarks in the theme of genesis. He invokes – next to Marx– such names as Montaigne or Spinoza.
PL
G.M. Goshgarian opisuje historyczny i teoretyczny kontekst, w którym powstała notka Althussera’a O genezie. Goshgarian wskazuje na teoretyczne źródła althusseriańskich rozważań o genezie, przywołując obok Marksa takie nazwiska jak Montaigne czy Spinoza.
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Montaigne, czyli o wielkości małych słów

75%
Ryczek W.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
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2019
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issue 35
442-454
EN
The main aim of this paper is to propose a new Polish translation one of the well-known Michel de Montaigne’s essays, De la vanité des paroles (On the Vanity of Words, I 51). For the humanist, rhetoric delimited only to elocution responsible for linguistic adornments becomes the subject for critical investigation. In a short introduction to the essay, the author takes into consideration the rhetoric of Montaigne’s discourse on ‘the vanity of words’ with a particular attention to two rhetorical forms: amplification and figuration. Raising questions about lack of temperance in amplifying and adorning words with tropes and figures, the humanist attempted to revalorize linguistic and stylistic simplicity. Therefore, to find the proper words for various things, emotions and experiences are the central concern of an essay, a new literary genre invented by Montaigne.
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Pascal a problem sceptycyzmu

75%
Kleszcz R.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2011
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issue 15
139-160
EN
Skepticism is a doctrine which holds the possibilities of knowledge to be limited. There are many types of skepticism (practical /theoretical, partial/total, moderate/ radical, etc). Scepticism as a philosophy began with Pyrrho of Elis (365–275 BC). The rediscovery of the skeptical texts during Renaissance affected the development of modern sceptical currents. In France philosophical statements of skepticism were offered by Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592). Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) great French mathematician, scientist, inventor an religious thinker was familiar with Montaigne sceptical ideas. Pascal refers to Montaigne as the most illustrious defender of skepticism. Blaise Pascal point of view is original. Whenever he insists that no proof is ever certain but simultaneously he adds that skepticism is untenable because we have reasons to believe.
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Pascal a problem sceptycyzmu

75%
Kleszcz R.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2011
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issue 15
139 - 160
EN
Skepticism is a doctrine which holds the possibilities of knowledge to be limited. There are many types of skepticism (practical /theoretical, partial/total, moderate/ radical, etc). Scepticism as a philosophy began with Pyrrho of Elis (365–275 BC). The rediscovery of the skeptical texts during Renaissance affected the development of modern sceptical currents. In France philosophical statements of skepticism were offered by Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592). Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) great French mathematician, scientist, inventor an religious thinker was familiar with Montaigne sceptical ideas. Pascal refers to Montaigne as the most illustrious defender of skepticism. Blaise Pascal point of view is original. Whenever he insists that no proof is ever certain but simultaneously he adds that skepticism is untenable because we have reasons to believe.
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ESEJ

75%
Mikušiak M.
Jazykovedný Casopis
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2014
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vol. 65
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issue 1
37-50
EN
The aim of this paper is to clarify some important features of a specific text genre called essay. There are discussed some strategies according to which we might successfully write and read the essays, instead of analysing a general concept of essay and traditional searching for the necessary and sufficient features. In this contribution the term of essay is divided into two categories named „academic essay” and „classic essay”. T he main part of this paper focuses on the classic essay that is explained by the triangle whose vertices are represented by „factuality”, „authenticity” and „literariness”. It is demonstrated that in this case we might criticise weakened coherence of the text, but just with the regard to the classic essay as a compromise between truth and elegance.
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Chateaubriand et la vanité : varietas ou pari pascalien ?

71%
Garneau de l ’Isle-Adam M.-C. A.
Quêtes littéraires
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2018
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vol. 8
64-75
EN
Chateaubriand ’s work is a paradox: he was accused of being vain although he endlessly fought against vanity ; he used all the meanings of the word vanity, this, contrary to contemporaneous writers or predecessors like Rousseau and Retz. Hence these questions: Should we reduce his work to a vain and egocentric rhetorical exer-cise full of brilliance and profusion, varietas, or should we consider its author as the heir of a moralist like Pascal and therefore an “incomprehensible monster” during his century.
FR
Chateaubriand a produit une œuvre paradoxale : il fut accusé de vanité bien qu ’il ait combattu sans relâche la vanité ; il employa le terme de vanité sous toutes ses acceptions, cela contrairement à ses contemporains ou ses prédécesseurs, Retz et Rousseau. D ’où ces questions : doit-on réduire son œuvre à une vaine ποικιλíα, un exercice de rhétorique égocentrique procédant du miroitement et de la profusion, ou doit-on considérer son auteur comme un moraliste, continuateur de Pascal et donc un « monstre incompréhensible » à son siècle ?
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The Importance of Being Present: A Comparative Reading of Montaigne, Baudelaire, Canetti and Desnica

63%
Kalinić S.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2019
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issue 16
123-142
EN
Even though they are different in many ways, Montaigne’s essay “Of Experience”, Baudelaire’s poem “The Clock”, Canetti’s play The Numbered, and Desnica’s novel The Springtimes of Ivan Galeb share a common trait. They all highlight the importance of now. This comparative study analyses various ways in which they depict the present time and demonstrate how the past and the future can disable mindful living in the present.
10
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Jak się filozofuje z siodła? Przypadek Michela de Montaigne’a

63%
Krupecka I.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
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2020
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issue 6
63-76
RU
Целью данной статьи является сбор и интерпретация размышлений Мишеля де Монтеня о лошадях и верховой езде. Автор утверждает, что существуют две основные области, в которых эта тема использовалась Монтенем, то есть хрупкость и непредсказуемость человеческой жизни, а также взаимоотношения души и тела. В обоих случаях Монтень делает переоценку классической культуры. В первом случае интерпретация «обучения смерти» это искусство подвергать себя непредсказуемому, во втором – тесная связь умственной деятельности с телесными процессами.
EN
In this text I am collecting and interpreting Michel de Montaigne’s reflections on the horses and horse-riding. I argue that there are two basic problems in which this theme was used by Montaigne: the fragility and unexpectedness of human life and body-mind relation. In both fields Montaigne proposed a re-evaluation in relation to the classical culture. In the first one, by interpreting Plato’s “practice of death” as an art of exposing oneself to an unexpected, and in the second, by linking mind activity with the bodily processes.
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Michel de Montaigne’s Atheology of Animality as an Example of an Emancipation Tool for Modern Humanity

51%
Dobrowolski J.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2014
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issue 1
165-171
EN
Diverse concepts of animality have played important role within the processes of modern secularisation and its anti-theological turn in the modern making of “man.” By turning the conceptual focus towards the animal side of human being, and specifically by describing and explaining “the human nature” in terms of its “animality,” modern philosophical anthropology has changed, gradually, into naturalistic, godless discourse of a purely material life. The discovery of the “animal in man,” its increasing impact through evolution theory eventually led to the denial of human supremacy. Since secularisation in its essence intends to emancipate humanity, it is interesting how animalisation can be related to emancipation. In the article Montaigne’s conception of animality is examined as an early case of this thinking.
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