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EN
Sources of international terrorism vs. the world of Islam in EuropeThe article argues that general views regarding the matters of cultural globalization do not apply as far as Muslim countries are concerned. The dichotomy between the two worlds does not allow for an inter-cultural dialogue. This blockage could be stopped by specific modernization of history by Muslim societies and the way of thinking of the Islamic communities.The essence of the defensive nature of both the European and Muslim cultural identities can be applied to war against terrorism. Both cultures are currently undergoing a search phase. The positive attitude of the intercultural community towards other cultures and the changes brought about by the process of globalization are extremely important in this process which can lead to the cooperation and development of the comprehensive culture. Due to a deeply rooted unwillingness to collaborate, a multicultural community is impossible to originate.Terrorism does not result from fanatics’ misinterpretations of the role of religion and in fact is stimulated by global processes. The attempt to build truly civil societies in countries that readily accept immigrants along with all the freedoms that go along with them, as well as ensuring complete involvement in social and political life should be regarded as a specific point of reference in the prevention of the formation of Muslim fundamentalist organizations.
EN
Hassan al-Turabi is one of the key contemporary Islamic political thinkers and the initiator of Sudanese Islamism. The period of his political activity is also one of the most important moments in the history of Sudan, related to the process of Islamization of the country, rapid changes in the Sudanese political scene in connection with the influence of Muslim fundamentalism, mainly in the version of the Muslim Brotherhood. The article presents the influence of Islamist ideology on the shaping of the concept of the Islamic state and Islamic order in Sudan under the leadership of al-Turabi and leading political formations led by him, mainly the National Islamic Front (NIF). It presents also elements that shaped this specific form of Islamism – apart from the rapid changes in the structures of the highest power of the country, it was also Sufi influences, elements of pre-Muslim culture, and the more radical ones derived from Salafism, on which the worldview and beliefs of al-Turabi were shaped.
PL
Hasan at-Turabi jest jednym z kluczowych współczesnych islamskich myślicieli politycznych i zarazem inicjatorem sudańskiego islamizmu. Okres jego aktywności politycznej to jeden z ważniejszych momentów w historii Sudanu, związany z procesem islamizacji kraju, gwałtownymi przemianami sudańskiej sceny politycznej w powiązaniu z wpływami fundamentalizmu muzułmańskiego, głównie w wydaniu Stowarzyszenia Braci Muzułmanów. Artykuł prezentuje wpływ ideologii islamistycznej na kształtowanie się koncepcji państwa i porządku islamskiego w Sudanie pod przewodnictwem at-Turabiego i kierowanych przez niego czołowych formacji politycznych, w tym głównie Islamskiego Frontu Narodowego (IFN). Zostały także przedstawione elementy, które ukształtowały ten specyficzny islamizm – poza gwałtownymi zmianami w strukturach najwyższej władzy kraju są to m.in. wpływy sufickie, elementy przedmuzułmańskiej kultury oraz te bardziej radykalne zaczerpnięte z salafizmu, na których kształtował się światopogląd i przekonania at-Turabiego.
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