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Multiculturalism in Upper Silesia. A central European region at the crossroads of nations and nation states

100%
Cybula A., Majcherkiewicz T.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2005
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issue 26
135-156
EN
At the beginning of the 20th century the regional community of Upper Silesia was composed of several national and ethnic groups. Generally, the upper classes were Germans and the lower classes consisted of speakers of Polish dialect. The issue of a so-called 'borderland identity' complicated matters. In the late 19th century the competing German, Polish (and Czech) nationalisms had questioned the heterogeneity and multiculturalism of Upper Silesia. The regional community began to splinter into respective national components. However, legal and moral norms were a barrier to compulsory national homogenisation. Yet there was a relative tolerance towards those national, ethnic or linguistic 'others'. Multiculturalism was also accentuated by the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches. The period of nationality conflicts before WW I was accompanied by modernisation. The region experienced industrialisation and urbanisation. Illiteracy was eliminated and a social welfare system was introduced. These developments reinforced the German imprint in the region; they also deepened the division between the German upper classes and Polish (or nationally indifferent) lower classes. Nationality clashes were even sharper in the period of the two totalitarianisms, the Nazi and Communist. The Nazis aimed to integrate the Upper Silesians within the German nation and attempted to wipe out from the region any sign of Polish culture. The Polish Communists adopted a similar strategy regarding German language and culture. Their harshest action was the deportation of Germans in 1945. That was accompanied by an inflow of Poles expelled from the former Polish eastern territories incorporated into the Soviet Union. Voluntary immigration into Upper Silesia from other regions of post-war Poland began also at the same time and continued until the Communist regime collapsed in 1989. As regards emigration, even after the deportation of Germans was completed in 1950, the region suffered from a voluntary exodus of Upper Silesians to Germany. All of this weakened the traditional heterogeneity of Upper Silesia. After 1989 the revival of the traditional Polish-German-Czech melting pot has been observed and is further complimented by the appearance of new components of multiculturalism.
2

PROTECTION OF NATIONAL HERITAGE IN THE LIGHT OF THE APPLICABLE LAW AND THE ACTIONS PROVIDED IN THIS AREA BY POLICE IN POLAND

100%
Dworzecki J., Nowicka I., Urbanek A., Kwiatkowski A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 4
177 – 198
EN
The issue of national heritage is an inseparable element of the existence of every nation. The article presents the legal regulations aimed at the protection of cultural heritage in Poland, as well as statistical data relating to crime in this area. The solutions adopted by the Polish police in the field of the identifying and combating of crime against cultural property and national heritage are also described. Furthermore, the article highlights the most serious crime against the national heritage that has occurred in Poland in recent years. The subject article was prepared on the basis of the analysis of literature, existing legislation and two interviews with Polish police officers.
3

OPEN-AIR MUSEUMS – THE FUTURE OF THE PRESENTATION OF SPIRITUAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

75%
Rychnová L., Maturkanič P., Slobodová Nováková K., Pavlíková M.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2022
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vol. 10
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issue 1
5 - 18
EN
The origins of “open-air museums” date back to the nineteenth century and from the very beginning were closely linked to efforts to capture, preserve and present folk culture. However, during the course of the twentieth century, especially in its later part, the concept of open-air museums began to expand. Open-air museums were founded that focused on urban, industrial and military environments, ecological issues, or on charting the life of prehistoric and ancient cultures. Along with this, the methodological concept for this specific type of institution saw some development, and the interdisciplinary approaches expanded in response, covering a wide range of humanities as well as natural sciences. Besides the academic approach, a social and community overlap is also required from these institutions. This article poses the question of how the concept of open-air museums can continue to develop and what direction the role of presenting cultural heritage in an open landscape could take in the future. The arguments herein are based on the philosophical and spiritual dimension of man’s dwelling in the world and his relationship to the landscape in which he lives. We believe that the future of open-air museums should, wherever possible, focus on the preservation of monuments in their historical context and especially in their natural links in terms of landscape, urbanism and architecture. To ensure this concept remains sustainable, it is necessary that these monuments be involved in the life of villages and communities, ideally also on the basis of cooperation between academia and local entities, which are usually villages or municipalities and citizens’ initiatives. Examples of such a direction can be seen in the founding and running of Rochus Park in the Uherské Hradiště region and in the concept of the association of villages called Mariánská zahrada in the Jičín region, both in the Czech Republic.
4
Content available remote

Nie tylko Wilniana. Ekslibris Erica Gilla w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu

63%
Klugowska A.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
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2010
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vol. 3
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issue 2(5)
159-178
EN
Documents and items of special collections of Polish academic libraries constitute the treasure of our national heritage as well as European and world cultural legacy. The issues such as acquisition profile of University Library Art Collection in Torun, the origin and distinctive character of bookplates collection were presented in the article. The analysis of archival materials of The University Library in Torun allowed to determine provenance of English bookplates collection. The remarkable, outstanding British artist Eric Gill (1882–1940) and his artistic attitude was portrayed. He was the author of the Miriam Rothchild bookplate (1932) which is currently held in Art Collection of University Library in Torun as well as Victoria & Albert Museum in London. A preliminary search of library and museum holdings in Poland, USA and Great Britain showed that only The Art Collection of University Library in Torun and Victoria & Albert Museum in London possess the Miriam Rothschild bookplate of E. Gill in their holdings. The literature research covering E. Gill's oeuvre showed that the bookplate in question is very occasionally presented and it has never been discussed. For that reason the attempt has been made to characterize modes of artistic expression and stylistic onces of the bookplate as well as E. Gill's attitude to nature.
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