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ON SOME ASPECTS OF LABOUR MIGRATION TO NORWAY (Problemy migracji zarobkowych do Norwegii)

100%
Aniol W.
Polityka Społeczna
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2009
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vol. 36
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issue 5-6(422-423)
23-28
EN
Norway has experience of labour migration in a longer historical perspective, particularly in connection with the large-scale emigration to North America until the First World War. This article argues that in recent years labour migration to Norway has increased significantly and has become the most important reason for immigration. The process is beneficial since migrant workers help meeting demand for labour, and thereby also contribute to economic growth, to unblocking bottlenecks in the labour market and to curbing price and costs increases. At the same time, the Norwegian Government and trade unions focus on preventing labour migration from resulting in a dualisation of the labour market, with the creation of a separate segment for foreign labour with terms and standards that are significantly inferior to those applicable to other workers. This applies especially to the so-called posted workers who are in Norway on short-term contracts. Since May 2004 Norway has received a large number of labour migrants from the new European Union countries, mostly from Poland. In 2007, about nine out of every ten permits to labour migrants were granted to persons from the European Economic Area (EEA), while Nordic citizens do not require any permits. In turn, the main emphasis in the regulation of labour migration from third countries is on facilitating the recruitment of skilled labour. The main aim of the proposals presented in April 2008 to the Storting by the Government in the White Paper on labour migration is to contribute to a migration policy that is flexible, more transparent and predictable for all involved parties.
2
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A Dream Job or Any Job? The Career Paths of Polish Migrant Women Working in Norwegian Kindergartens

100%
Czapka E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2019
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vol. 45
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issue 4 (174)
193–207
EN
After Poland’s accession to the European Union and the opening of the Norwegian market for Polish employees, the gender structure of Polish migrants in Norway changed radically. The number of men increased rapidly in relation to the number of women due to the demand of the Norwegian labor market for employees in the construction industry. For several years, the number of women has been growing slightly faster than the number of men due to family reunification. Poles living in Norway are relatively young and well-educated. Research carried out so far indicates that Polish migrants experience many problems finding employment that is in line with their education (Czapka 2010; Huang, Krzaklewska, Pustulka 2016). The article presents partial results of qualitative research carried out in Oslo in 2015 among Polish assistants working in Norwegian kindergartens in the framework of the project “Barnehagen som tillitsarena: hvordan lages den flerkulturelle samfunnskontrakten?”, which is part of the Polish-Norwegian project POLFAMIGRA (“Polish female migrants and their families – a study of care deficit “). The research results indicate that the work of an assistant in a kindergarten is for many Polish women the next stage in their professional careers in Norway and is often perceived in terms of career advancement. For the part of women participating in the study, work in the kindergarten was to be only a temporary type of employment, which was to ensure their income until they find a job consistent with their education. Most of them believed that their work does not enjoy high social prestige and is associated with relatively low wages.
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LABOUR AND DEVELOPMENT: WHAT CAN BE LEARNT FROM THE NORDIC MODEL (Praca i rozwój: jakie lekcje mozna wyciagnac z 'modelu skandynawskiego')

100%
Wahl A.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2009
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vol. 12
145-165
EN
The article analyses the roots of the welfare state as a social model developed in particular historical context. It also questions the simplified concepts of the welfare state, refers to the genesis of the crisis of the Scandinavian model and presents the consequences of the neoliberal offensive - such as 'brutalistation of work' - eroding its key achievements. It recommends the labour movement to: defend the welfare state achievements, to fight against the international institutionalization of neo-liberalism, as well as for the democratization and further development of social services/institutions in joint efforts of consumers and the producers.
4
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A FEW COMMENTS ON TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY NORWEGIAN FICTION AND ITS PRESENCE IN THE POLISH BOOK MARKET IN THE YEARS 1995-2010 (Polish title below)

100%
Tunkiel K.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2011
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vol. 10
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issue 1
87-102
EN
(Polish title: Kilka uwag o tendencjach w najnowszej norweskiej literaturze pieknej i jej obecnosci na polskim rynku wydawniczym w latach 1995-2010). After 1995, and especially since 2004, there has been an increase in the number of Norwegian fiction books published in Poland. The first part of the paper presents detailed statistical data for this trend and analyses it shortly. The second part is an attempt to introduce the most important trends in contemporary Norwegian literature and indicate how these are reflected in the offer in the Polish book market. The increased popularity of Norwegian fiction in Poland may be a result of the readers' preferences, but on the other hand also of the general interest in Norway and, not less importantly, the availability of subsidies for literary translations. The books published in Poland in 1995-2010 reflect very well the most characteristic trends in contemporary Norwegian literature. One can find among them examples of both minimalism (including naivism) and encyclopaedism, while the most typical subject areas include family relations, existential problems and religion. Biographies and autobiographies that recently have been a crucial and much-discussed group of literary production in Norway are less represented. The phenomenon of popular literature - the new heyday of the romantic novel series as well as the fashion for Scandinavian crime fiction - is also noteworthy. In addition, some valuable Norwegian books for children and youth were translated into Polish and published in the period. On the whole, it should be emphasised that the situation of Norwegian fiction in Poland is very good; it is undoubtedly one of the best represented minor European literatures in the Polish market.
5
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PRACA I RODZINA: ROZWAŻANIA POLAKÓW MIESZKAJĄCYCH W NORWEGII O POWROCIE DO KRAJU

88%
Bivand Erdal M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 2(152)
41-64
EN
Post-accession emigration from Central Europe, and Poland in particular, is an important feature of contemporary migration flows in Europe. While there is now a substantial body of research on Polish migration to the UK exploring one of the largest post-accession flows, there has been less focus on other destination countries. This paper is based on a qualitative study of Polish migrants in Norway, the most common destination country in Scandinavia for post-accession migrants. The paper explores return considerations among Polish migrants in Norway through a three-fold focus: first, exploring the notion of Polish post-accession migration as liquid and temporary; second, questioning the primacy of economic factors in understanding return considerations; and third, adopting a transnational framework for the analysis. The paper argues that work and family considerations are key to migrants’ decision-making processes and experiences, and play out differently depending on highly individual circumstances. Yet, despite the fact that open borders within the EU and EEA area support the notion of «liquid migration», it is found that in migrants’ considerations about return to the country of origin, as in their lived experience, the option of a «life in motion» is not a preferred solution. Rather, for most migrants work and family have to be eventually located in one place: either here, or there.
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A HUMANITARIAN SUPERPOWER? NORWAY VIS-A-VIS NEW SOCIAL CHALLENGES (Mocarstwo humanitarne? Norwegia wobec nowych wyzwan spolecznych)

88%
Aniol W.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2009
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vol. 12
121-144
EN
The article consists of three parts, each of them devoted to one of the three major social challenges which Norway has been trying to meet in recent years: (1) the question of redistribution related to the present and expected level of social spending, with special emphasis to a possible increase of income from the Norwegian Oil Fund; (2) the immigration issue which is becoming more and more important in view of an increasing number of foreigners in the country and a growing movement of labour force from new European Union countries, mostly from Poland; (3) Norway's contribution to solving of global problems through development and humanitarian aid, promotion of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, peace and disarmament diplomacy etc.
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VÁLEČNÉ OSUDY FRANTIŠKA TUNÁKA (1919 – 1973). PŘÍSPĚVEK K NASAZENÍ ČECHOSLOVÁKŮ V ŘADÁCH FRANCOUZSKÝCH A POLSKÝCH EXPEDIČNÍCH SIL U NORSKÉHO NARVIKU V ROCE 1940

88%
Kreisinger P.
Vojenská história
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2024
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vol. 28
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issue 1
49 – 80
EN
This study focuses on the wartime fate of the Slovak František Tunák (1919–1973), who spent his spare time in Great Britain, as a member of the Czechoslovak Army, writing down his war experiences from Narvik, where he fought in the ranks of the French Foreign Legion. He wrote his 24-page memoirs with a minimum delay in 1941, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the battles. The aim of the material presented here is not only to describe Tunák’s wartime fate in the ranks of the French Foreign Legion (Narvik) and the Czechoslovak Independent Armoured Brigade (Dunkirk), but especially to make available, in the form of a critical edition, a unique source of his Narvik memoirs, describing even some taboo topics and at the same time have remarkable literary qualities.
8
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CULTURAL PROGRAMMES POSITIONING AS AN ELEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE TELEVISION MISSION IN NRK BASED ON ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAMME OFFER IN 2009 (Polish title below)

88%
Chacinska M.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2011
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vol. 10
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issue 1
185-201
EN
(Polish title: Miejsce programow kulturalnych jako elementu misji norweskiej telewizji publicznej NRK na przykladzie analizy oferty programowej z roku 2009). At the beginning of 2010 the culture editor of the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten called the Norwegian television NRK 'the best public service broadcaster in the world' and 'the biggest and most important Norwegian cultural institution'. The article is an attempt to verify this statement through identifying the place of cultural programmes in NRK schedule in 2009. The author analyses how the cultural mission is described in current legal documents concerning Norwegian public service media mission. Furthermore the article is an attempt to identify how NRK defines cultural programmes and how it classifies them. In the second part of the article the author analyses the television programme of NRK1 and NRK2 in 2009, and presents the results of a more detailed analysis of selected three weeks of that year concerning the execution of its cultural mission.
9
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„Oswajanie” Norwegii – wzory osiedleńcze polskich migrantów w Norwegii

75%
Gmaj K.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2018
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vol. 44
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issue 1 (167)
163–188
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza wzorów osiedleńczych polskich migrantów i ich rodzin w Norwegii oraz przybliżenie mechanizmów, przez które zachodzi ich adaptacja do życia w Norwegii. Artykuł oparty jest na badaniach jakościowych (wywiady z 24 rozmówcami, zima–lato 2014) i ilościowych (ankieta internetowa, maj i czerwiec 2015 r., 648 osób) przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu TRANSFAM, jak również na ofi cjalnych statystykach i rezultatach wcześniejszych badań. Autorka wykorzystała ponadto rezultaty obserwacji poczynionych podczas pobytu w Oslo, gdzie w sierpniu 2016 r. przebywała jako visiting researcher na uczelni Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences. Zebrany materiał pozwala stwierdzić, że bez względu na początkowe plany Polacy wydłużają swój pobyt w tym kraju. Wraz z rozwojem sieci migracyjnych oraz wzrostem liczby dzieci rodzących się w Norwegii i sprowadzanych przez rodziców do tego kraju, czasowa migracja Polaków przybiera formę długotrwałego pobytu. Dominujący po 2004 r. wzór czasowych migracji przeważnie mężczyzn zostaje uzupełniany przez długookresowe migracje rodzinne.
EN
The article aims to analyze Polish migrants and their family migration patterns to Norway, as well as how they adjust to the new country. It is based on qualitative (24 interviews, wintersummer 2014) and quantitative (web-survey, May-June 2015, 648 respondents) research conducted in the framework of the TRANSFAM project. Official statistics and earlier study results are also applied. The author gained additional knowledge from observations made during her visit as a visiting researcher at Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences. On the basis of the analysed material, it can be concluded that regardless of their initial plans, Poles prolong their stay in Norway. Together with the development of a migrants network and a growing number of children born there or brought by their parents, Polish migrants’ stay in Norway turns into a long-term one. A dominant pattern of primary male migration at the beginning of the 21st century has been accompanied by the stable family migration pattern.
10
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Gender Roles and Practices in Polish Migration Families in Norway through the Eyes of Children

75%
Slany K., Strzemecka S.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2015
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vol. 41
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issue 3 (157)
157–181
EN
This article is dedicated to the issues pertinent to transnational families found in children’s narratives. We seek to shed light on the under-researched area of transnational research on ‘doing family’, which is vital due to the growing number of Polish families settling abroad, deciding on ‘being together’ and choosing a family reunification strategy in their mobility projects. Embedding an entire family in the destination society has profound implications for building and maintaining family ties, also across borders, as well as for changing the shape of the everyday experience of familiality among children of immigrants. We draw a sociological portrait of the migration family, depicting the typical issues of work patterns among the parents (mothers’ and fathers’ jobs), the division of household and care labour, leisure patterns and maintenance of ties with family in Poland. Honing in on these issues facilitates the understanding of how social roles are fulfilled, and how social statuses are attained, both seen through the gender lens. Empirically, the paper is based on the Transfam project’s sub-study entitled Children’s experience of growing up transnationally. This qualitative and participatory inquiry consisted of interviews with children aged 6 to 13, born in Poland and living permanently in Norway. The methodological approach facilitated understanding children as active actors, who perceive and define their social worlds. Children were encouraged and asked to recall their migration experiences, as well as express their views on the work type, meanings, commitments and schedules of their parents.
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K OTÁZKE UZNANIA SLOVENSKÉHO ŠTÁTU (SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY) NÓRSKYM KRÁĽOVSTVOM, 1939 –1940

75%
Jakubec P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
121 – 141
EN
A recognition is one of the legal acts which permit a new state to enter the international community as a full partner. It establishes normal relations between two states as a precondition of their mutual communication in politics, as well as in economics and other fields. Thus, swift recognition by as many states as possible is the first task of every newly established foreign ministry. As early as 15 March 1939, the Slovak foreign ministry notified its prospective counterparts about the birth of the Slovak State. The Norwegian foreign ministry was to make a stand on recognition. Due to the tense international situation on the eve of WWII, this turned into a lengthy process of consideration, complicated even more by the outbreak of the war in September 1939. Early in April 1940, Norway was about to give a de facto recognition. However, the Nazi invasion in the same month stopped the action, which, nonetheless, somewhat disturbed the initial contacts between Norwegian and Czechoslovak exile representations.
12
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Polacy wsrod sniegow polnocy. Zjawisko polskiej migracji do Norwegii na przestrzeni dwustu lat

75%
Sokol-Rudowska M.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2011
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vol. 10
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issue 2
101-113
EN
Migration of Polish citizens in recent times is a very current issue. In my article I want to explain this highly sophisticated phenomenon on the example of Polish migration to Norway. The scope of my research includes the last two hundred years, during which it has been possible to observe a few different, in the genesis, waves of migration – the nineteenth century (the Polish insurgents and the Polish Jews), WWII (soldiers and forced laborers), and both the political from 1980’s and the largest, economic migration after the Polish accession to the European Union in 2004. The main issue the article focuses on is the style and quality of life of the Poles, who voluntarily or forced by the circumstances, settled in Norway. The article also focuses on cultural confrontation, which automatically followed that migration, often accompanied by acculturation, contrculturation, transculturation or cultural integration. Among other subjects raised in the article there are also the reasons causing the present high migratory activity of the Poles, the largest group of foreigners living in Norway today.
13
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GROWING UP MULTICULTURAL: THE EXPERIENCES OF CHILDREN RAISED BY POLISH-NORWEGIAN MIXED COUPLES IN NORWAY

63%
Slany K., Strzemecka S.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2017
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vol. 43
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issue 4 (166)
87–111
EN
An increase in binational relationships in the contemporary world is generating a complex web of family, relational, educational, organizational, and identification practices. The intercultural marriage contract also often gives rise to tensions and conflicts stemming from cultural, social, religious and economic differences. In all certainty, the experiences and daily lives of children in such relationships deserve special attention, and, on the basis of the Transfam research project findings, this chapter strives to fill the gap. Sociological research into binational relationships and children raised in such family configurations is predominantly framed from the adult’s perspective. Here we try to reach into the core of identified issues and approach the experience of living in a binational family from the child’s perspective as well. The multicultural experience of growing up in Norway under the guidance of interethnic parents (Polish-Norwegian) is compared to the monocultural experience of children raised by intraethnic Polish-Polish couples. This article is based on interviews with children aged 6–13, observations registered during the course of those interviews (most commonly in children’s rooms), and the Sentence Completion Test.
14
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Autonomia kobiet w kontekście migracyjnym. Rozważania na przykładzie polskich migrantek w Norwegii

63%
Gmaj K.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2019
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vol. 45
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issue 4 (174)
165–191
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie strategii badawczej, którą warto zastosować, starając się lepiej zrozumieć obecność Polek w Norwegii. Ich napływ do Norwegii i późniejsze ścieżki migracyjne w dużym stopniu kształtował nieformalny charakter podejmowanych prac. Polki korzystały też z w pełni sformalizowanych możliwości przyjazdu. Dynamiczny wzrost liczby polskich migrantów rozpoczął się po 2004 roku. Wciąż obserwujemy dysproporcję między liczbą mężczyzn i kobiet. Tych ostatnich jest mniej, ale są lepiej wykształcone. Analizowanie migracji jedynie z perspektywy ekonomicznej motywacji, nie oddaje bardziej złożonego charakteru zjawiska. Migracje Polek można lepiej zrozumieć, odwołując się do perspektywy biograficznej i używając pojęć, takich jak pragnienia, aspiracja i autonomia. W artykule wykorzystałam materiał z własnych badań, zebrany podczas pobytów w Norwegii jako visiting researcher na Oslo Metropolitan University (dawniej Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences) oraz projektu Transfam. Przeanalizowałam wywiady z kobietami, które do pracy za granicę wyjechały samodzielnie. Poszczególnym fazom biografii przypisane zostały odpowiadające im pragnienia, aspiracje, proces podejmowania decyzji oraz sposób realizacji pragnień.
EN
The article aims at presenting a research strategy that provides a better understanding of the presence of Polish females in Norway. A significant part of female migrants’ inflow as well as their strategies and career paths have been shaped by an irregular and undocumented character of work. However, other Polish women have legalized their stay using family reunification procedures, recruitment agencies or other channels providing legal employment. The rapid increase in the number of Polish migrants in Norway was evident after 2004. Although female migrants are lees numerous than male ones, they are better educated. An investigation that is limited to economic motivations does not reflect the more complex nature of their mobility. Using a conceptual framework of desire, aspiration and autonomy, together with a biographical approach, seems to be more fruitful. The author analyses interviews with women who started their international mobility on their own. Phases of a biography are related to corresponding desires, aspirations, decision-making processes and a way of fulfilling or transforming an initial desire. The article is based on Transfam research and material gathered by the author during her visits as a visiting researcher at Oslo Metropolitan University (former Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences).
15

Kraje skandynawskie wobec sprawy katyńskiej — zarys problematyki

63%
Jaworski P.
Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne
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2013
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issue 1(10)
165-176
EN
The message about Katyn graves announced by Germans in April 1943 became a beginning of the great political and propaganda battle. The struggle for convincing the public opinion to the own vision of the murder on Polish officers actually took in all countries which competent services reached of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poles conscious of it which the most cared about the truth, were both for you being an expatriate then and remaining for you under the German occupation. Scandinavian countries were in a circle of states subjected to a publicity campaign of Berlin, for which it was a purpose as biggest publicizing the Katyn case. They belonged to them both occupied Denmark and Norway, as well as allied Finland. Special whereas Goebbels devoted the attention to neutral Sweden. The article is analyzing attitudes political changes and propaganda in Scandinavian countries towards the Katyn massacre.
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