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EN
The author of the world famous saga for children The Chronicles of Narnia, C. S. Lewis, is a writer whose works abound in intertextual references. Biblical, Christian, mythological and chivalric ones are among the most explicit ones that constitute an additional theological and historical dimension to Lewis’s books and place them in a particular cultural context. The following paper discusses numerous allusions to the world’s mythologies: Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, Germanic and Arabic that are present both in the Narnian saga and The Space Trilogy, and proves that Lewis exceeds the boundaries of children’s fiction by composing his stories in a form of an extended metaphor. Furthermore, the paper provides an interpretation of some mythological motifs used by the writer and, finally, it attempts to justify an abundance of intertextual allusions, in particular the mythical ones in the abovementioned works.
FR
L’auteur de la fameuse saga pour les enfants intitulée Les Chroniques de Narnia, C. S. Lewis, est un écrivain dont les œuvres sont très riches en références intertextuelles. Les références bibliques, chrétiennes, mythologiques et chevaleresques sont parmi les plus explicites et elles forment une dimension théologique et historique additionnelle des livres de Lewis, en les plaçant dans un contexte particulier. L’article suivant analyse les nombreuses allusions aux mythologies : grecque, romaine, nordique, celtique, germanique et arabe, qui sont présentes dans la saga narnienne et dans La Trilogie cosmique. Il s’agit de prouver que Lewis dépasse les frontières de la fiction d’enfance et de jeunesse, en composant ses récits dans une forme d’une métaphore étendue. En outre, l’article présente une interprétation de quelques motifs mythologiques utilisés par l’écrivain et, finalement, il essaie de justifier l’abondance des allusions intertextuelles, notamment les allusions mythiques, dans les œuvres mentionnées ci-dessus.
EN
This paper aims to present the possibility of drawing a deeper connection between the medieval imaginarium and selected tropes in twentieth century fantasy literature, based on a case study analysing the concept of paradise in C. S. Lewis’s young adult book series, The Chronicles of Narnia. In order to do that, the article introduces some key elements and rules governing medieval geographical concepts and how they tie in with the highly symbolic perspective on the world adopted in that epoch, using examples from cartographic and literary sources. Next, the author takes a look at the model of paradise carefully crafted in Lewis’s novels, to later compare it with its medieval counterpart and demonstrate the analogies between the two, with the goal of providing some clues regarding possible paths for interpretation.
EN
The Chronicles of Narnia has an established position in the canon of children’s literature. However, what on the surface is a fairy tale involving adventures and magic; with children, kings, talking beasts, and wood spirits as main protagonists; is, in fact, a set of stories deeply rooted in Christian and chivalric traditions, containing elements of beast fable and morality tale. The story, according to Madeline L’Engle, depending on the reader's cultural knowledge and experience, may be understood on various levels, from the literal one of an adventure story for children, through the moral and allegorical levels, eventually reaching the anagogical level. While reading The Chronicles, one is able to notice various references to other written works, interwoven into the text, with the Bible, chivalric romances and beast fables being the most prominent sources of intertextual allusions. In The Last Battle Lewis attempts to answer John Donne’s question, “What if this present were the world’s last night?" (Holy Sonnet XIII) and presents a comprehensive image of Narnian apocalypse and life after death in Aslan’s country. The following paper will present the most noteworthy intertextual references in the final volume of The Narniad.
EN
The Chronicles of Narnia has an established position in the canon of children’s literature. However, what on the surface is a fairy tale involving adventures and magic; with children, kings, talking beasts, and wood spirits as main protagonists; is, in fact, a set of stories deeply rooted in Christian and chivalric traditions, containing elements of beast fable and morality tale. The story, according to Madeline L’Engle, depending on the reader's cultural knowledge and experience, may be understood on various levels, from the literal one of an adventure story for children, through the moral and allegorical levels, eventually reaching the anagogical level. While reading The Chronicles, one is able to notice various references to other written works, interwoven into the text, with the Bible, chivalric romances and beast fables being the most prominent sources of intertextual allusions. In The Last Battle Lewis attempts to answer John Donne’s question, “What if this present were the world’s last night?" (Holy Sonnet XIII) and presents a comprehensive image of Narnian apocalypse and life after death in Aslan’s country. The following paper will present the most noteworthy intertextual references in the final volume of The Narniad.
EN
On the basis of C. S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia, the author analyses the choice and the semantics of proper names in translations of children’s literature. The article contains a theoretical outline of onomastics in translations, narrowed down to examples taken from children’s literature, with a special emphasis on both analyzing the creative capacity of authors as well as problems with ensuring that the translation accurately reflects all the original semantics and nuances of meaning. In the article, one can also find a creative analysis of the exemplar proper names divided into transposed, transcribed and trans-located groups. For the purposes of comparison, the reader can find in the text both the translated and original names for the first two groups. Then, on the basis of the names, including those not mentioned in the examples, the author analyses the reasoning behind the choice of specific proper names which clearly allude to a given person, place, animal etc. (as well as where there is no such allusion), in relation to the target group of readers. The text persistently searches for the relationship between the original and the translated proper names as well as for the impact of the differences between them on shaping the target group on the Polish market. One should also note that the different publication dates of the original (the 1950’s) and the first Polish edition (the 1980’s) would also have a significant influence on readers’ perception. The author includes a short bibliography dealing with the literary onomastics of translation in general.
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