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EN
School textbooks written by a Spanish erudite and pedagogue Juan Luis Vives were used in schools of Protestant denominations in Royal Prussia – in Gdańsk, Toruń, Elbląg, but also in other towns and cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth– for teaching Latin. Nicolaus Volckmar, of German descent, a Polish language teacher at the Academic Gymnasium in Gdańsk, utilized the structure and themes of Vives’ dialogues Exercitatio linguae latinae  (1538) for teaching the Polish language. In this manner, paradoxically, the “phrasebook” of the Spanish humanist, as well as its subsequent editions, still in the 18th century was used by Gdańsk schoolers of German origin to learn the language which they needed for everyday communication in the community of multi-cultural and multi-ethnic Gdańsk. The Vives-Volckmar phrasebook was undoubtedly used by Arnold von Holten, later a lifetime mayor of the city, sent on a diplomatic mission to Spain by the Hanseatic League.
EN
Reflection on Lexicography in Prefaces to Historical Translation DictionariesThis article aims to examine the scope of information included in prefaces to historical bilingual or trilingual dictionaries. An analysis of prefaces to eighteen Polish-Latin and Latin-Polish dictionaries made it possible to indicate the most frequently discussed issues: references to dictionaries by earlier authors; description of the addressee and the purpose of the dictionary, praise of the work; notes on the models on which it draws; comments on the concept and macrostructure of the dictionary; comments on the microstructure of the dictionary. As established, until the nineteenth century prefaces to such dictionaries were dominated by general comments, whereas detailed notes were not an obligatory element: they largely depended on the size of the dictionary – the more extensive the dictionary, the more details about its macro- and microstructure were discussed in the preface. Refleksja leksykograficzna w przedmowach do dawnych słowników przekładowychCelem analizy było ustalenie, jaki zakres wiadomości rejestrowały przedmowy do dawnych słowników przekładowych. Analiza przedmów do 18 słowników polsko-łacińskich i łacińsko-polskich pozwoliła wyodrębnić najczęściej pojawiające się zagadnienia: przywoływanie prac poprzedników; wskazanie adresata i celu wydania oraz pochwała słownika; uwagi dotyczące wykorzystanych pierwowzorów; uwagi na temat koncepcji i makrostruktury słownika; uwagi na temat mikrostruktury słownika. Ustalono, że do XIX wieku przeważały w słownikach uwagi ogólne, natomiast uwagi metasłownikowe nie były elementem obligatoryjnym i zależały w dużym stopniu od objętości słownika – im obszerniejszy był słownik, tym szczegółowiej omawiano w przedmowach jego makro- i mikrostrukturę.
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