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EN
Kazantzakis’ Odyssey – apart from the abundance of philosophical as well as ideological influences of many different sources which the writer tried to unify into a universal cosmotheory – constitutes a large-scale attempt by a Modern Greek writer to respond to Homeric epic. Yet, the author of Zorba the Greek sketched another epic composition that, according to his vision, aimed at reaching further than his magnum opus. His ambition was to encompass the long-lasting period between Ancient and Modern Greece, namely that of the Byzantine empire and its radiating influence on Greek consciousness and identity. He entitled his project Akritas, thus directly alluding to the only epic poem in Byzantine Greek literature, Digenes Akritas, and its protagonist as well as to acritic songs from Cyprus, where the latter’s name appears. In the present paper I would like to shed some light on Kazantzakis’ approach to Byzantium and its significance in defining the Greek identity through this unfinished sketch that the writer in fact never began.
PL
In my paper I focus on the well-known Greek mythical as well as literary figure, known mainly from Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus’ faithful wife, Penelope. Attention is given to the interpretation of the Homeric prototype in Modern Greek 20th century poetry. The successive metamorphoses of the image of Penelope are traced in Nikos Kazantzakis’ The Odyssey, Yiannis Ritsos’ Penelope’s Despair, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke’s Says Penelope, Kyriakos Charalambides’ Penelope Recognizes Odysseus, Penelope’s Odysseusand Pandelis Boukalas’ Penelope. The analysis shows ambiguous attitude to the traditional image of Penelope and tendency of Modern Greek poets to demythologize her and to show the scene of anagnorisis in Homer‘s Odyssey in modern context as well as with more psychological probability.
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