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1

ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW – A RELATIONSHIP AND SPACE OF TRUST

100%
Vrzgulová M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 4
430 – 440
EN
The oral history interview is a “multi-layered communicative event”. It is a unique, active event, reflective of a specific culture and of a particular time and space. Interviews, more precisely biographical interviews, are the tool I have been using for decades. The relationship between the interviewer and interviewee is, therefore, an essential question for me. I interview people to find out what happened to them, how they felt about it, how they recall it and what wider public memory they draw upon. Focused on the biographical narratives, as well as in-depth and repeated interviews, I have constantly faced ethical and moral questions in accordance with my role as a listener, and as a partner in the interview, but also as a scholar with the goal of using the interview in my scientific work. In my text, I would like to develop Hourig Attarian’s inspiring ideas on self-reflexivity, which brings to light the grey zones that we encounter in our work. This is often a difficult and fragile process. It is central to the connections that I create with the interviewees in my projects. These people always affect the course of my work, but also me personally. This balancing act is an exercise. I try to understand my own limits, I try to push my own boundaries, and assess how each of these circumstances impacts my research.
2
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Historia mówiona: od metody historycznej do interdyscyplinarnego podejścia badawczego

85%
Fiternicka-Gorzko M.
Opuscula Sociologica
|
2012
|
issue 2(2)
5-25
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest dziejom metody oral history, która po ustabilizowaniu się jako względnie zunifi kowana praktyka badawcza w latach 40. XX wieku w naukach historycznych przeszła znamienną ewolucję zarówno pod względem podejmowanej problematyki, jak i znaczenia przypisywanego metodzie. Jej rezultatem było przecięcie się zainteresowań historii mówionej z polem dociekań socjologii, badań nad kulturą czy, szerzej ujmując, badań jakościowych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono przemianom teoretycznych założeń związanych z wczesnymi fazami rozwoju oral history zarówno na gruncie amerykańskim, jak i w Europie, a następnie stanowisk teoretycznych uznawanych za doniosłe w formowaniu się współczesnego rozumienia tej praktyki badawczej (Paul Thompson, Michael Frisch, Ronald J. Grele, Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli, Popular Memory Group). W artykule rozwinięto argumentację, że rozwój oral history w coraz większym stopniu apeluje do stricte socjologicznego spojrzenia na mechanizmy wytwarzania rzeczywistości społecznej, w tym wytwarzania przeszłości i pamięci przeszłości.
EN
The paper address the development of the oral history method. Since the 1940s when this research practice became relatively unifi ed and incorporated into the fi eld of history, the method has evolved significantly towards increasing affi nity to concerns of sociology, studies of culture and qualitative research. The paper deals with the changes of theoretical assumptions underpinning the early versions of oral history in the USA and Europe and next presents the theoretical perspectives of Paul Thompson, Michael Frisch, Ronald J. Grele, Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli and the Popular Memory Group. It is argued that oral history increasingly appeals to a strictly sociological perspective on the mechanisms of creation of social reality, including the creation of the past and memory of the past.
3
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Kolekcja "Polacy na Wschodzie" w Archiwum Historii Mówionej Ośrodka KARTA

80%
Wylegała A.
Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe
|
2009
|
vol. 1
139-145
EN
In this article author presents oral history project „Poles on the East” („Polacy na Wschodzie”) of Warsaw based KARTA Center. Since 2006 KARTA has recorded more than 500 biographical interviews with the oldest generation of Poles who after 1945 did not „repatriate” to Poland and remained in the Soviet Union. The interviews were conducted in Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Russia and – besides postsoviet states – in Romania. The author summarizes main themes and plots that appear in three main groups of the recordings: 1) interviews recorded in territories which belonged to Poland before the war; 2) interviews recorded in prewar Lithuania, Latvia, Soviet Ukraine and Belarus; 3) interviews recorded in Siberia and Kazakhstan – places where Poles were deported during Stalin’s repressions in the 30s and during the war. The article also includes information about availability of the collection for researchers and students.
4

POLIPHONY OF LATVIAN IDENTITY: THE LATVIAN COMMUNITY IN SWEDEN

80%
Bela B.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia
|
2008
|
issue 2(55)
39-60
EN
For Latvians as a small nation, concerns about survival of their identity become topical from time to time. A relevant question is how do World War II refugees and their descendants perceive their Latvian identity? The author analyses only one Latvian community and one generation living in Europe by viewing various aspects of ethnic identity in the life-stories of the older generation of Latvians living in Sweden. The central issue is ethnic origin as a collective frame that is filled with diverse content. Research methods are the use of oral history and the biographical approach of sociology. First, the meaning of the identity concept and traditional studies of ethnic identity in sociology is addressed; then attention is devoted to analysis of Latvian identity as presented in life-stories. The material for this study consists of more than 20 life-stories which were recorded during a study trip to Stockholm, Sweden, in 1996, as part of the National Oral History Project. In April 2007, during another trip, four life-stories were continued, and three interviews were held with children or grandchildren of the story tellers; a Latvian Saturday School in Stockholm was visited. Analysis of the experience in exile shows that the feeling of Latvian identity is flexible, diverse and changing.
5
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Historia Polaka z Żytomierszczyzny

80%
Wylegała A., Wengłowski Z.
Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe
|
2009
|
vol. 1
15-32
EN
The text is transcription of interview done with Zygmunt Wenglowski who was born in 1925 in Sorochyn. Memories says about education in Polish Autonomous Districts in interwar period and fighting as a soldier of the Polish First Army (Berling’s Army) during the second world war.
6

THE SKAZ OF ANTI-SEMITISM (Skaz antysemityzmu)

80%
Tokarska-Bakir J.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2009
|
issue 1-2
302-316
EN
Skaz, i.e. a scrap of testimony, is a designation borrowed from the Russian folklore by H. Grynberg in his description of Voydovsky's invention. It is upon the search for similar testimonies - fossils, active spots in the language still used in today's Poland to speak of Jews - that this authoress has founded her concept of ethnographic research on memory of the Shoah as preserved in the talk and language of Polish provinces. The initial thesis claims that contrary to discourses of various historical policies, the colloquial language and proves to be involuntarily truthful. This language reports on how people see the world; it testifies to collective ideas/representations: fears, dreams, daydreams, phantasms, responding stereotypes, norms opposing the values, real values opposing declared values - in whose deposit what is referred to by sociologists as anti-Semitic 'attitudes' is only given birth. Poles will only be able to objectify their own history once the way has been recognised in which people in Poland talk between themselves about Jews.
7

Ordinary Man’s Everyday Places

80%
Rossi L.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
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2012
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issue 1(2)
251-275
EN
In this essay I study an ordinary individual’s everyday places and their changes during his life span. So far the individual perspective and time dimension. My case is a Finnish male worker from the 20th century and I ask: What were a common man’s everyday places and what kind of meanings did the places have? How and with whom did he create his places? How did his place relationships change during his life? I answer the questions relying on my long-time observations and twenty interviews conducted in 1985–1987 as well as a few environmental paintings he had made over the years. My point of departure is that my subject made his places in various activities with different people at different stages of life. The physical places were first experienced and later recalled and narrated, in some cases even depicted. They were also contemporary or past; obligatory or voluntary; lifelong or temporary or once-in-a-lifetime places. In general, these place categories provide a basis for developing a deeper and more versatile analysis of the human-place relationships and this tentative classification of everyday places constructed on the basis of my research material can be applied to anybody’s life with possible personal supplements.
8
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READING IMMIGRANT LETTERS AND BRIDGING THE MICRO-MACRO DIVIDE

80%
Lehmkuhl U.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2014
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vol. 40
|
issue 1 (151)
9-30
EN
The early 1980s were characterized by a paradigm change in history. The premises, research methods and research goals of the dominant paradigm of "social and structural history" were challenged by the “subjective turn” in history contesting the logocentrist and linear way of historical thinking, the established techniques of history writing and the systems of historical knowledge production. The emerging new fields of research and research approaches – oral history, life histories, historical anthropology and history and memory – were closely interconnected, methodologically and with regard to their theoretical foundations. Going back to some of the arguments put forward in the discussion about the linguistic turn in the 1980s, I will argue that in order to be able to "read" and understand immigrant letters historians have to approach them as "texts" and not just as illustrative historical source material. It is necessary to not only look at content but also at the way the content is presented, i.e. the narration and the narrative structure of the letters. In order to elucidate the methodological bridging function of these two approaches and their contribution to overcome the micro-macro divide, I will in a first step contextualize the specific theoretical value of life history research by putting it in the context of arguments developed by historical anthropology. In a second step, I will apply the developed research framework to reconstruct the structural properties and historical sequences of life course processes as represented by the narratives of the letters of Ernst and Marie Kuchenbecker written between 1891 and 1932.
9
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COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE. INTERNET DISCUSSION OF NEIGHBOURING GROUP IN POLAND (Pamiec zbiorowa w publicznym dyskursie. Dyskusja internetowa sasiadujacych z soba grup regionalnych)

80%
Szmeja M.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
|
2010
|
vol. 8
87-102
EN
Official history at school manuals and in scientific publications presented by dominant group is very often questioned by minority groups. Their interpretation of bygone events usually based on oral history. They believed that history transmitted directly in group is more 'authentic', contrary to the official which is more ideological. I went through internet discussion concerning historical background of two neighboring groups. They live on South-West of country, but during the division of Poland in 1792 they were incorporated to different states. One of them - Silesians were included to Prussia, the other group to Russian Empire. The collective memory of these groups were formed in different circumstances and now descendant of these group recall history in different way. They also presented another attitudes toward official history. Nowadays, because of political reason, these groups live in one administration unit. In communist time, group of Russian background was the ruling one. Now Silesians are more influential in social life. What is interesting, both group used history in very instrumental way. The internet discussion shows how both group used their history to substantiate symbolic domination, how they invent their historical position. Discussion contains past events, commemoration of heroes (monuments, name of street), right to use dialect.
10

LIFE STORIES IN THE RESEARCH OF LATVIAN SOCIETY (Elulood lati uhiskonna uurimise allikana)

70%
Bela B.
Mäetagused
|
2009
|
vol. 43
159-180
EN
The article introduces the objectives, theoretical bases and activities of the Latvian National Oral History project, which was started in 1992. The project was defined by the prominence of life stories in the society as well as by a necessity to construct an interpretation of the recent history that would focus on individual experience. Over the past 17 years, the work of the project has resulted in establishing a remarkable life story archives, containing approx. 3,000 recordings, and more than 50 scholarly publications, issued in Latvia and abroad, that are based on the analyses of these stories. The research topics of the project and the related collecting and publication of life stories are dealt with from the biographical perspective, commonly used in sociology. Themes that address the methodological questions of life story and oral history research, the study of ethnic and religious identities in Latvia, as well as Latvian identity, cultures, and communities outside Latvia are considered more closely. The article concludes by an evaluation of the contribution of the Latvian National Oral History project, and more specifically, the collected life stories as a resource for studying Latvian society.
11

ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH IN THE COLLABORATION SPACE OF ESTONIA AND THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES (Parimusliku ajaloo uurimine Eesti ja naabermaade koostooruumis)

70%
Jaago T., Koresaar E.
Mäetagused
|
2009
|
vol. 43
7-18
EN
The article provides an overview of the collaboration of oral history researchers and life history researchers in Estonia with researchers from Latvia, Lithuania and Finland. This is an interdisciplinary collaboration, which has formed over the past 12 years and unites folklorists from Finland, sociologists from Latvia and Lithuania, and researchers of different disciplines from Estonia. The Estonian term 'pärimuslik ajalugu' (oral history) is dealt with in the context of the related concepts of 'oral history' and 'life history research' ('biographical method'). The article focuses on the points of convergence and differences in methods, terminology, and research problems, which have revealed in the course of the collaboration. It is shown how the research (from terminology to research problems) is connected with the historical dimension of the development of research on the one hand, and with the dialogue in a common space of thought, on the other hand. The article observes in more detail the confluence of ideas in the dialogue of the mentioned collaboration space; these are grouped into the categories 'oral', 'written', and 'event', and represent a combination of experience, reality, and expression.
12

VYPRÁVĚNÁ MIGRACE. VZPOMÍNKY NA POVÁLEČNOU NUCENOU MIGRACI NĚMECKY HOVOŘÍCÍCH OBYVATEL Z ČESKÝCH ZEMÍ

70%
Kreisslová S., Nosková J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 1
48 - 68
EN
The study focuses on the forced displacement of the German population from the Czech lands between May 1945 and the end of 1946, which meant the departure of almost three million Germans. This migration had a profound impact both on the lives of the individuals who participated in it and on German society. Forced migration after the Second World War is not only an integral part of the communicative memory of many Germans, but also a part of cultural memory and the subject of politics of memory today. In this study, we draw on oral history interviews with the so-called ‘Erlebnisgeneration’, i.e. persons who experienced forced displacement as children or young adults. The object of the analysis are narratives related to forced displacement; we ask in what ways this migration is narrated, what narrative strategies and means individual narrators choose when they talk about this event, and whether they create certain narrative patterns. Our focus is on the themes, structures, and intentions of the narrative representations of ‘expulsion’. We attempt to show how male and female narrators deal with the traumatic experience and how they attempt to integrate and gain recognition from others. We observe these issues in the context of theories of collective trauma and are inspired by the analytical approach of grounded theory.
13

ORAL HISTORY V KONCEPTU SOUDOBÝCH DĚJIN A ORAL HISTORY V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

70%
Kohoutová K.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2016
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1
-
EN
The oral history could be methodologically shaped and developing freely in the countries of Western Europe and especially in North America after the end of World War II. For political reasons the oral history could not assert itself in Czechoslovakia until 1989. After the fall of the Iron Curtain it began to expand into Eastern Bloc ́s countries including Czechoslovakia. At that time oral history was facing criticism and some kind of demureness from classical historians, who have rejected oral history for many reasons. After more than a quarter of the century the situation has changed. In the Czech Republic oral history has its place between other humanitarian sciences, however the situation is still not comparable with states of Western Europe where oral history has settled already two generations earlier. The contribution provides methodological and historical summaries of oral history. The article discusses a creation of methodology, its development, positive and negative aspects and institution in the Czech Republic. The article is based on a synthesis of available materials and on the author ́s own experience. The aim of it is to make the reader familiar with oral history ́s origin and its development and highlights the challenges that oral historians face. The article presents an evolution of methodology in the Czech Republic and the most important projects.
14

Między pamięcią a historią. Przypadek historii rodzinnych

70%
Julkowska V.
Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne
|
2012
|
issue 1(6)
77-92
EN
The article deals with the problem of family histories, which are understand and consider here in double sense. Firstly, as a sort of private story, whose subject is history of the family and people writing it are not often professional historians. In this meaning, family history is a record of memory defined as communicative memory. Second meaning of family histories, refers to understand them as specific kind of historical writing, on the verge of oral history and private history. In this meaning family history by such authors as Maria Czapska or Edward Raczyński from record of communicative memory transforms in private history, about what decides the presence of various historical sources, which authors convert in their historical narration, placing them in wider cultural context of several periods. Chosen examples illustrate and explain both meaning senses of family histories, and moreover, additionally introduce the weft of postmemory in modified and widen meaning beyond sense used by Marianne Hirsch.
15

IMAGING THE OTHER SIDE OF THE IRON CURTAIN: THEN AND NOW. ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN EASTERN SLOVAKIA

70%
Otčenášová S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
294 - 307
EN
The Iron Curtain was a symbol of a Europe divided between Soviet and Western influence for forty years. Powers on each side of the border invested huge efforts into creating ideologically motivated images of the Other. The article presents the outcomes of biographical research which offers an insight into how aged people in Eastern Slovakia remember their pre-1989 perceptions of the Western Block and how they think of life in the West today, focusing on the main element of their memories in this respect – emigration. It is the outcome of a broader oral history project being conducted in Slovakia since 2017, aiming to obtain and analyse current images of socialism, as communicated today by the generation of witnesses who were living their adult lives during the period spanning between the 1960s and the 1980s; and understanding the relations between the current attitudes and values of the respondents and their experience of life in state socialist regimes.
16

THE TOUCHING. THE PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT THE PHILOSOPHER'S ORAL HISTORIES (Dotork. Prezentatsia proektu 'Usni istorii filosofiv'

70%
Chaika T.
Філософська Думка
|
2009
|
issue 3
140-145
EN
The authoress presents the oral history project 'Touching' carried out under the aegis of the Institute of Philosophy, NAS of Ukraine. The presentation is based on the authoress' experience of participating in data collection in the network of the project 'Survivors of the Shoah', and interviewing well known Kievan philosophers Vilen Horskyi, Serghii Krymskyi, and Petro Yolon. The authoress substantiates own understanding of the sense and essence of oral history as a scientific trend and actual approach in the branch of history of the recent Ukrainian philosophy. The message concerns designing new item section within the theme plan of the 'Filosofska Dumka'. This section under the heading 'Exempla' is to be devoted to materials of the oral history of Ukrainian philosophical community
17

"COMMUNISM DIDN´T TOUCH MY KIDS LIKE ME." IMAGES OF COMMUNISM IN A FAMILY PERSPECTIVE

70%
Schindler-Wisten P.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
308 - 323
EN
The target of this study is to introduce one particular life story and on the basis of its content analysis to focus on the narrator’s connection with the period of so-called normalization era in Czechoslovakia. Based on oral history interviews with one narrator during the longitudinal oral history project, the author focuses on whether the memories of a given period change over time and how the narrator reflects on his memories. The author maps the narrator’s family background, the extent to which it shaped him and how he evaluated it as a thirty year old man and now, when he is fifty years old. The core of our narrator’s life story stays the same in principle; he did not change it after twenty years. The reason is that the narrator’s experience and the memories have sunk in and are consistent. What changed in the narrator’s story is the amount of self-reflection that was reflected during the last interview. It was confirmed that shifts in the reflection are a common phenomenon and that some variability may not be conscious. Interpretations and evaluations of life can change, but the experiences themselves do not change.
18

BETWEEN OLD TRADITIONS AND NEW APPROACHES: LOCATING ORAL HISTORY AND MEMORY STUDIES IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE

70%
Švaříčková Slabáková R.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
205 - 2018
EN
The article explores how oral history and memory studies have been used in East Central Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. It focuses particularly on the question of whether Eastern European scholars only reproduce what was invented in the West, or whether they advance their original concepts and ideas. Both disciplines have been involved in reassessing the history of communism and the communist version of history itself and both contributed to revealing memoires obscured by the communist regime, even if the role of oral history may be considered as pivotal in this process. Although oral history had been practiced in the region at least since the 1970s, it was introduced as a new discipline according to the Western criteria after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Memory studies and their most successful concept, the “lieux de mémoire”, were implemented into to the region later and the promoters of the concept were predominantly Western scholars. Drawing on the uses of the term “historical consciousness” in Czech and Polish research, the article argues that various strategies associated with the “return to Europe” can be found in the region when promoting native traditions and equalizing them with the Western ones.
19

„NEMOHU JE KLAMAT?“: KONSTRUKCE OBRAZU BADATELE V TERÉNU

70%
Polouček O.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2016
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
23 - 35
EN
Researcher meets different situations depending from specifics of his field of interest during implementation of transparent qualitative research. Various societies or subcultures with their own standards and customs can react differently when facing research interest and perceive as important different aspects of mutual communication, possibly not previously seen by researcher. During process of shaping terrain/researcher relations both involved sides constructing image of the other on basis of their own ideas and interpretations coming from environment, from which they come and are involved by. The article based on author ś own oral history research in community of tramps from Brno deals with possibilities of formation of constructed images about researcher, which could significantly involve content of realized interviews. Principles and recommendations of oral history research along with standards based on qualitative research codes of ethics can produce a lot of inspiration for field research in sensitive environments, but also can create some ethical dilemma depending from efforts to balance between research transparencies and endeavour to create the best atmosphere for realizing research. The efforts to “impress” do not mislead ourselves and also don't lose access to narrators. In the article he is analysing assumptions for creating the situation, which he meets during “defining positions” and “looking for understanding” in his research.
20

OTHERS OR FOLKS? JEWS IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF THE INHABITANTS OF BIALYSTOK REGION (Obcy, czy nasi? Zydzi w pamieci zborowej mieszkanców bialostocczyzny)

70%
Poczykowski R.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
|
2009
|
vol. 15
81-93
EN
The article attempts to explain the phenomenon of the return, after decades of collective amnesia, of the memory of Podlasie Jews to the public life of the citizens of this province. This 'return of memory' can be seen in many spheres of life of the local communities and regional society: from school curricula, through festivals, official celebrations, to turning the rich Jewish past of the region into a tourist attraction. What makes this phenomenon very interesting is the fact that the 'natural subjects' of this memory - Podlasie Jews - almost do not exist here. There is no Jewish community or Jewish social, cultural or religious life in the region anymore, and in the majority of cases the 'memory revival' is only possible thanks to the efforts of the non-Jewish activists and organizations. Why is the region facing the return of the past of Podlasie Jews now - almost two decades after the democratic change in Poland? The author suggests several factors, which are, among others: the democratization of the Polish society combined with the pluralization of the paths of remembering, the changes of Poles' self-perception, the revival of interest in the local past, the changes of school curricula to more open and multicultural narratives, the generational change and the intensification of contacts between Podlasie inhabitants and the Jewish Diaspora. All these have made it possible that more and more often the local Jews who lived here for centuries are, like in the research being done by the author, referred to as 'Our Jews', the folks.
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