This article concentrates on question, which was the essence of the Old Polish poetry, in the beginning of the seventeenth century. Especially: what was the source of this poetry and which were the relations between this new model of poetry and literary tradition. Very interesting are also the connections between rhyming and rhythmic schemes, used by Grabowiecki, Grochowski and Twardowski, and music. The main attitude of this group of Polish metaphisical poets was to attain musical effects in poetry – real lyric harmony (harmonia lyrica). they created new poetry: very innovative, but as well grounding in tradition.
This article tends to analyse the problems concerning the reception of ancient theory of melancholia, especially in renaissance and early Baroque literary studies. The melancholia as disease, habit, fear, cognition, meditation, inspiration and sin, is also very inspiring idea, allowing to understand the essence of Old Polish metaphysical poetry, in particular the complex of metaphysical poet – his behaviour, reasons, inspirations and attitudes.
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