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EN
During the times of the Reformation in England the teaching of canon law was officially prohibited. The needs of ecclesiastical justice, however, forced the lecturers of the Roman law – the only law taught at Oxford and Cambridge universities at the time – to insert canonical matters into their lectures. It is hard to evaluate how large that amalgamation was. Nonetheless, it is certain that the canon law survived the Reformation and flourished in changed circumstances. Besides the lectures, the knowledge of the canon law could be acquired by everyone who was linked with the universities thanks to the library resources that survived the Reformation. One of the most amazing collection of Catholic canon law manuscripts was stored in the library of New College, Oxford. The article presents the content of a catalogue of these manuscripts drawn up in 1729. Its expanded version was published in 1852. The comparative analysis of both catalogues allows us to determine the origins of these manuscripts. Moreover, it sheds light on the condition of canon law studies in the early eighteenth-century England.
PL
Zazwyczaj początki badań prawnoporównawczych datuje się na schyłek dziewiętnastego stulecia. Badania tego rodzaju prowadzone były jednak już znacznie wcześniej. Wśród pierwszych poważnych zwolenników koncepcji zestawiania różnych systemów prawnych był Thomas Bever. Był on prawnikiem cywilistą, który skutecznie łączył praktykę występując przed angielskimi sądami kościelnymi i admiralicji z przynależnością do jednego z oksfordzkich kolegiów oraz obowiązkami wykładowcy. W latach 60. i 70. osiemnastego stulecia Bever prowadził w zastępstwie (bądź równolegle do) królewskiego profesora wykład prawa rzymskiego. Jego wykłady, które były pod wieloma względami wyjątkowe, wieńczyła seria spotkań prawnoporównawczych. W ich trakcie, Bever omawiał ustrój i porządki prawne kilkunastu europejskich krajów, tak w ujęciu historycznym, jak i współczesnym. Celem artykułu jest omówienie poglądów Bevera nad temat badań prawnoporównawczych, jak również zaprezentowanie tematyki wspomnianych wykładów.
EN
The origins of comparative legal studies usually date back to the late 19th century. These kind of studies, however, were undertaken on a regular basis much earlier. Among the first serious adherents of the idea of comparing different legal systems was Thomas Bever. Bever was a civilian lawyer who successfully combined practice in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts of England with Oxford’s fellowship and teaching duties. In the 1760s and 1770s, Bever was teaching the Civil law course on behalf of (or independently of) the current holders of the Regius Professorship. His lectures, unique in many aspects, were crowned with a set of comparative lectures. Bever was presenting the constitutional and legal systems of several European countries, including Poland, both in historical and modern dimensions. The aim of this article is to discuss Bever’s attitude towards comparative legal studies as well as to present his comparative method by reference to part of his lectures devoted to the old Polish law and constitution.
PL
The article contains characteristics of the fourteen professors who gained their appointment to the Regius Chair of Civil Law in Oxford and Cambridge in the 18th century. Their academic careers as well as their many out-of-academia duties are described in the article. The analyses of the collected materials allowed the author to assert that the condition of teaching Roman law in the 18th-century England resembled the general crises of the university education in England in the aforementioned epoch. For most of the lecturers the academic posts were more or less sinecures that provided a social prestige and honourable social position. Only the late 18th century brought some changes in the methods of teaching Roman law and in the appointments of the professors. To a fuller extent these changes could not be observed to bring expected effects before the mid-19th century.
EN
The travel book as a genre in the British literary tradition has been, for more than two centuries, characterized by the central role of craftily constructed narrative personae of gentlemen/travellers. This paper is an attempt to pinpoint the main similarities and differences in the construction of the narrative personae of three key between-the-wars Oxford graduates, who later became renowned writers Robert Byron, Aldous Huxley and Evelyn Waugh.
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EN
Report from the VIII International Congress of the Patristic Studies in Oxford (September 3-8, 1979).
PL
Sprawozdanie z VIII Międzynarodowego Kongresu Studiów Patrystycznych w Oksfordzie (3-8 września 1979).
8
42%
EN
This paper examines the composition of both Oxford and Cambridge Universities, with particular emphasis upon the college-based tutorial as the blueprint for a more relational form of education. The article covers a brief history of the college system, the life cycle of an Oxford student, and the educational outcomes of the tutorial. This is shown to promote creativity of thought, and therefore proves to be a successful method of teaching. In conclusion, it is suggested that the tutorial is gaining popularity within secondary education as an alternative to group teaching, chiefly because of its focus on the development of the individual student.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono strukturę uniwersytetów w Oksfordzie i Cambridge; skupiono się szczególnie na opartym na strukturze kolegialnej systemie tutoringu jako modelowym rozwiązaniu edukacji opartej na relacjach. Przedstawiono historię systemu kolegialnego, kolejne etapy doświadczeń studenta oraz skutki stosowania systemu tutorialnego. W tekście argumentuje się za tym, że jest to skuteczna metoda uczenia, która wspiera twórcze myślenie. W podsumowaniu wskazuje się, że tutoring staje się coraz bardziej popularny w szkolnictwie średnim jako alternatywa dla uczenia grupowego. Jest to umotywowane przede wszystkim naciskiem, jaki tutoring kładzie na indywidualny rozwój każdego ucznia.
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