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PRODUCTION OF PRESENT AND ABSENT PRESENCES IN EDUCATION

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Frelin A., Grannäs J.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 2
139 – 161
EN
Drawing on the distinction between absent and present presences, this article contributes to our understanding of how new managerial and performative discourses are played out in a secondary school context in Sweden. The consequences of numerous educational reforms during the last 20 years include a surge of new independent schools and increased segregation between students due to individual school choice. Following international trends, a yearly national municipal school ranking is published, drawing much attention both in the media and on the policy level, intensifying pressure for results at the municipal level. A case study was conducted in one bottom-ranked Swedish secondary school over the 2012-13 school years, focusing on how relationships between students and staff were negotiated in informal spaces and places. The results illustrate how absent presences and present presences are produced in the practice of schooling. The present presences were publication of results, raising merit scores and grading pressure, and the absent presences were the role of the media in the self-image of schools, increased workload for teachers, the misuse of statistical data and demoralization and determination. The results contribute to the understanding of a) the challenges that teachers and schools are faced with as a consequence of the new managerial and performative discourses in educational settings, and b) the means they draw on to face and resist them in their everyday practices.
2

PÍSEMNÍ AKT. DERRIDA A SEARLE O PARAZITICKÉ PERFORMATIVITĚ

100%
Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 1
63 – 74
EN
The article introduces handwritten signature as a sort of performative. Contrary to the theory of speech acts, the author proposes to grasp it not as a speech act, but as a writing act inspired by Derrida’s deconstructive conception of parasitical iterability of the writing. In this perspective, the writing act is habited by an aporetical double bind, where ontologically “similar” and logically “identical” are pervading. The unsatisfiable metaphysical obligation of the civil identification via signature can be understood only thanks to the aporia of deferred meaning, where the only original is actually the deferral. As the analysis of the well-known polemics between Derrida and Searle shows, the deconstructed writing produces writing acts as parasitical performatives, which are far from communicational, citation and identification claim of Searle’s conception of speech acts. Finally, the article proposes a new revision of the differences in performative conception of sign in Austin, Searle, Derrida and Ronell.
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