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1

DETAILS MATTER: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR ORDER ON THE BIAS OF MEASURED PERSONALITY TRAITS BY SOCIAL DESIRABILITY

100%
Havan P., Kohút M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2023
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
154-164
EN
Social desirability is a tendency to respond to items in a socially acceptable way. It can bias results and is a threat to the validity of the measure. The current study focused on exploring the effect of different instructions on personality traits. The sample consists of 363 Slovak adults, 260 women, and 103 men. The participants were between 18 and 62 years old (M = 25.6; SD = 6.76). The Big Five Inventory-2 was used for measuring personality traits and social desirability. The participants were split into two groups depending on which instruction was administered first – honest setting or social desirability inducing setting (imagining the selection situation). All participants responded to both scenarios. We hypothesized that extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are socially desirable traits, and so they will be higher using selection simulating instruction compared to honest instruction. The opposite was hypothesized for negative emotionality. The social desirability of open-mindedness was explored. The results confirmed all our hypotheses and showed that open-mindedness is a socially desirable trait as well. Importantly, we found an effect of the order of administrating different instructions – the effect of induced social desirability was present in the honest instruction setting.
2

NEED FOR STRUCTURE AND BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF DECISION MAKING STYLES IN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

80%
Halama P., Gurňáková J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2014
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vol. 56
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issue 3
171 – 180
EN
The study is focused on the question how the need for structure and the Big Five personality traits predict decision making styles in health professionals. The sample included 225 health care professionals from different areas (physicians, nurses, paramedics, emergency link operators). The need for structure was measured by Personal Need for Structure scale, Big Five Traits by Ten Item Personality Inventory, and the decision making styles by Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire. The results showed that the best predictor of vigilance was need for structure, while extroversion was a negative predictor of non-vigilant styles. Analysis of interaction showed that neuroticism interacts with need for structure in prediction of non-vigilant decision making styles (hypervigilance, procrastination and buck-passing). Specifically, persons with low neuroticism and low need for structure tend to use more non-vigilant decision making styles in comparison to others.
3
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Postawy wobec kultury i tradycji narodowej i ich osobowościowe uwarunkowania

80%
Czerniawska M.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2013
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vol. 21
171-182
EN
The main aim of this research is investigation of attitudes towards national culture and tradition. It was assumed that these attitudes depend on personality traits, like empathy and machiavellism guilt. The study group consisted of 325 students. The Empathic Understanding of Others Questionnaire (Węgliński) and Mach V Scale (Christie and Geis) were used. The attitudes were diagnosed on the basis of the set of views (two pairs of statements from the publication edited by Reykowski). The results show that national culture and tradition are valued by students having higher empathy indices and lower machiavellism indices. Students having higher machiavellism indices and lower empathy indices accept cultural integration with Western countries.
4

SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF SENSITIVITY TO INJUSTICE

80%
Zitny P., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
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issue 1
27-40
EN
The study analyzes the problem whether locus of control and self-esteem can explain the unique variance in predicting sensitivity to injustice not explained by personality traits and whether personality traits interact with self-esteem and locus of control when predicting sensitivity to injustice. The research was conducted on the Slovak sample of 254 undergraduate students (71 males, 183 females) - mean age 21.3 (range 17-27). Sensitivity to injustice was measured by the Sensitivity to Injustice Questionnaire. To measure self-esteem Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was used and personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI. Rotter's Internality-Externality Scale was used to measure the locus of control. The correlation analysis showed that personality traits, locus of control and self-esteem correlate with sensitivity to injustice. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the personality traits explain 30% of cognitive level of sensitivity to injustice variance. Adding locus of control and self-esteem to the predictors increased the variance explained by the model by 4%. The Big five traits explained 10% of the emotional level of sensitivity to injustice variance, locus of control and self-esteem explained additional 5%. Moreover, interaction analysis shows that internal locus of control acts as a buffer against the increase of unjust events perceived by a person with high neuroticism and antagonism.
5

OSOBNOSTNÉ FAKTORY PRACOVNEJ SPOKOJNOSTI

80%
Fecková J., Kopaničáková M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2015
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vol. 18
|
issue 3
-
EN
The aim of this paper is a) to analyse the relationship between a job satisfaction and personality traits (Big 5) and b) locus of control and self-efficacy and self-esteem. The research sample consists of 137 employed respondents, 73.7% are full-time employed, on part-time is employed 5.8% of respondents, 13.1% are self-employed and 7.3% of respondents has employment agreement. The average age of the research participants is 40.5 years, SD=14, 43, minimal age is 18 years and maximal 62 years. The sample consists of 43.8% men and 56.2% women. The results of the study describe the level of job satisfaction in relation to personality traits, internality/externality and the characteristics of self-evaluation (self-esteem and self-efficacy). The aim of the comparative analysis was to identify gender and parenthood differences in the context of job satisfaction. Part of analysis is to examine the degree of influence of selected factors on the overall level of job satisfaction.
6

WISE RELIGIOSITY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND WISDOM MODERATED BY PERSONALITY TRAITS

80%
Adamovová L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2013
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
181 – 194
EN
Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity based on Wulff’s theory (1991, 1997) and wisdom as defined and operationalized by Ardelt (2003, 2004). The sample consisted of 125 university students aged between 17 and 29 year with the mean age 23.5 years and standard deviation 2.6 years. Men formed 69.6 percent (n = 87) and women 30.4 percent (n = 38) of the sample. Religiosity was measured by the Post-Critical Belief Scale PCBS (Duriez et al., 2000), wisdom was measured by the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale 3D-WS (Ardelt, 2003), and NEO FFI (Costa, McCrae, 1992) was used to measure personality traits. It was found that orthodoxy positively correlates with cognitive and reflective dimensions of wisdom. External critique correlates positively with affective dimension of wisdom. When testing the moderation hypothesis, we found that openness moderates the relationships between orthodoxy and cognitive as well as reflective dimensions of wisdom and between second naivetè and cognitive dimension of wisdom. Conscientiousness moderates the relationship between external critique and cognitive dimension of wisdom and between relativism and affective dimension of wisdom. The results are discussed with the existing literature.
7

PERSONALITY ANTECEDENTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION STYLES (Osobowosc jako determinanta wyboru stylu rozwiazywania konfliktów)

80%
Klusek-Wojciszke B.
Organization and Management
|
2009
|
issue 1(135)
11-21
EN
Two research questions were attempted to answer empirically - first, whether there is a relation between personality traits and preferred styles of conflict resolution and second, which conflict resolution styles are strongly anticipated by personality traits. To answer these questions 60 employees filled NEO-FFI questionnaire measuring big five traits (the major personality traits) and a questionnaire measuring five major styles of conflict resolution. A correlation analysis showed agreeableness to correlate negatively with competition and positively with cooperation and accommodation. Extraversion clearly coincided with an active pursuing of own interests, i.e. it correlated positively with competition and negatively with accommodation. Neuroticism was not related to cooperation nor competition but was positively related to accommodation and conflict avoidance. Conscientiousness correlated only with conflict avoidance (negative correlation). Openess to experience was the only personality trait which did not correlate with any style of conflict resolution. As refers to the second question, competition emerged as the conflict resolution style most strongly correlated with personality traits. Personality traits less strongly predicted the tendency to cooperate, and to even lesser degree predicted tendencies to accommodate and avoid conflict. Finally, the tendency to cooperate was not correlated with personality at all.
8

IDENTITY AND CREATIVE PERSONALITY

80%
Sramova B., Fichnova K.
Studia Psychologica
|
2008
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vol. 50
|
issue 4
357-369
EN
The present paper discusses the relation between the adolescent identity and the features of creative personality. The concept of identity comes from Berzonsky who, according to the participation of cognitive strategies in identity construction, distinguished three basic processually oriented identity styles: informational, normative, diffuse/avoidant. This author devotes special attention to the extent of that part of formed identity that he calls 'commitment'. The creativity of personality also takes part as a factor in identity formation. The developing creative personality may reach identity redefinition sooner and avoid role diffusion. Goal: To identify how the selected adolescent personality traits contribute to identity construction and to determine the interrelation among the variables. Materials and methods: Identity style questionnaire (Berzonsky), WKOPAY (Khatena, Torrance). Results and conclusions: There is a mutual relationship among the traits of creative personality and adolescent identity styles. The selected traits of creative personality influence identity construction. 'Authority' acceptance and disciplined imagination contribute to identity formation in the sense of obligation. A lower degree of authority acceptance as well as of other personality traits supports the active formation of autonomous adolescent identity. Adolescents with their autonomous formed identity, who rely on themselves to a higher degree in their autonomous identity formation, reject authorities. Vice versa, adolescents with unformed identity tend to uncritical acceptance of the opinions and attitudes of those in authority.
9

FEAR OF POVERTY –VERIFICATION OF ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SELECTED PERSONALITY VARIABLES

80%
Kačmárová M., Babinčák P., Vargová D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2019
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1
44 - 53
EN
In psychology literature, the interest in poverty is traditionally represented by two constructs –poverty attributes (Feagin, 1972; Heider, 1958) and the attitudes to poverty (Cozzarelli, Wilkinson, & Tagler, 2001). The present study proposes the concept of "the fear of poverty", which appears to be accessible to psychological research. In addition, based on the information from various transnational surveys (such as Eurobarometer), the concept presents the present reality for a considerable part of the Slovak population. When analyzing the fear of poverty, there are two ways of conceptually understanding this. One represents the view that the fear of poverty can be a manifestation of a more general personality trait, which predisposes the person to uncertainty and fear of future material shortage. The other possibility is to consider the fear as the emotional consequence of the person's unfavorable economic or social situation. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the indicators of socio-economic status (financial stress, education, employment status) and selected personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness) to the fear of poverty. In the present research, the hypotheses about the relationship between personality variables (neuroticism in particular) and the indicators of socio-economic status (financial stress) to the fear of poverty were confirmed. Moreover, another hypothesis about the assumed interrelationship between them was formulated. The research carried out was the first attempt (at the national level) to explore the issue of the fear of poverty with a focus on psychological variables, and thus aimed at enriching the knowledge base in an area which has traditionally been dominated by economic and social sciences.
10

HOPE AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LIFE SATISFACTION

80%
Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 4
309-314
EN
The paper focuses on the question whether hope mediates the effect of personality traits on life satisfaction. It is based on the assumption that the cognitive ability to perceive the possibility of reaching one's own personal goals is an important outcome of personality traits as well as a strong predictor of life satisfaction. The research sample consisted of 451 secondary school and university students in Slovakia with mean age 20.02 years. Hope Scale (Snyder, 1995), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), and NEO Five Factor Inventory (Costa, McCrae, 1992, Slovak version Ruisel, Halama, 2007) were used to measure the defined characteristics. The results showed that hope acts as a partial mediator between neuroticism, conscientiousness and life satisfaction, and a full mediator between extraversion and life satisfaction.
11

FEELING OF GUILT AND PERCEPTION OF SEX-APPEALING ADVERTISEMENT

70%
Grochowska A.
Psychological Studies
|
2007
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vol. 45
|
issue 2
49-62
EN
The study investigated a relation between the level of feeling of guilt and information processing of sex-appealing advertisements. Two levels of information processing were taken into consideration: uncontrolled and controlled one. It was hypothesised that the feeling of guilt level has its specific impact on physiological and cognitive response to erotic ads. 64 undergraduates completed 'The Feeling of Guilt Questionnaire' by Kofta, Brzezinski and Ignaczak. Physiological reactions to three print ads varying on level of sex-appeals were registered and analysed by the computer polygraph system Lafayette LX-3000W. The EDA amplitude, pulse frequency, respiration maximal amplitude indices were taken in. At the level of controlled processes the semantic differentials 'The Advertisement Measurement Scale' were used. Subjects low in feeling of guilt manifested differentiated and adequate physiological reactions to erotic ads. However, Ss high in feeling of guilt manifested strong physiological reactions to all erotic ads. Thus, it can be claimed that personality processes are moderators for the intensity of uncontrolled processes. At the level of controlled processes the feeling of guilt did not differentiate cognitive assessments of erotic ads. Erotic ad was assessed as strong and efficient by all subjects, independently on personality traits. The research showed that personality traits act at the very early, uncontrolled stages of information processing. In the light of the consumer psychology this conclusion is important as well for marketers as for consumers. From a psychographic segmentation point of view: erotic ads would be addressed to consumers with low feeling of guilt. The significance of the presented research seems to be important especially for consumers - they learn how advertisement works.
12

INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON LIFE SATISFACTION THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG ACADEMIC FACULTY MEMBERS

61%
Blatný M., Šolcová I., Květon P., Jelínek M., Zábrodská K., Mudrák J., Machovcová K.
Studia Psychologica
|
2018
|
vol. 60
|
issue 4
274 – 286
EN
The aim of this study was to examine both direct and indirect associations of the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness with life satisfaction through work engagement and job satisfaction. The study population consisted of 2229 academics (57.1% men) throughout Czech public universities, who completed a questionnaire comprising measures of employee personality traits (BFI-10), work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale short form), job satisfaction (job satisfaction short scale from the COPSOQ-II) and general life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationships. The strongest predictor of life satisfaction was neuroticism, the effect of which manifested through both direct and indirect pathways. Extraversion and conscientiousness had positive indirect influences on job satisfaction through work engagement, but their direct influences on job satisfaction were negative. While extraversion also had a direct influence on life satisfaction, conscientiousness did not directly influence life satisfaction.
13

EYSENCKIAN PEN STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY AND COGNITIVE CONTROL IN TASK-SWITCHING PARADIGM

61%
Ross M., Smigasiewicz K., Czernecka K.
Psychological Studies
|
2008
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1
5-12
EN
The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between individual differences and performance level in high cognitive load condition, demanding strengthened cognitive control. The research problem was focused on the influence of eysenckian personality traits on attention switching efficacy, studied in task-switching paradigm. Modified Stroop task was used, requiring constant shifts between color-naming and word-reading tasks. It was assumed that the size of the switch costs would be greater when the task was performed by participants with high scores on introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism, separately. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis concerning psychoticism dimension only. Other traits were found to have an interactive effect on the performance level, which was hindered when the intensity of all three personality traits was high. The gathered data suggests that task-switching paradigm may be a useful tool when studying the influence of individual differences in psychoticism on cognition.
14

NATIVE PEOPLE OF NORTH AMERICA (THE SO CALLED INDIANS): HISTORICAL OVERVIEW, ETHNOPSYCHOLOGICAL OUTLINE (Az eszak-amerikai bennszulottek (un. indianok): tortenti attekintes, etnopszichologiai vazlat)

51%
Szegal B.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
85-109
EN
The first part presents, describes, analyzes, and interprets the main concepts related to the Indians. The importance of the conceptual clarifications is closely related to many misleading generalizations based upon biased data. A historical overview of North American people before Columbus' arrival, their ethnopsychological peculiarities are presented, followed by a description and analysis of the relationships between the indigenous people and Europeans. The majority of the first Americans had perished due to conflicts, wars, genocide, restrictions and discriminations imposed by the new inhabitants of the continent as well as by epidemics of infectious diseases. The latest decades have seen the beginning of Indian Renaissance. The second part of the paper describes the psychological peculiarities of Native Americans. An important issue is methodology of data collection, validity and reliability of the data. Discussions and comparisons of the data, stemming from various sources, serve as the basis for descriptions of Indian behaviour. The following categories of values, attitudes, and features had been identified: - cooperation, group harmony, modesty, limited rivalry; - moderation in behaviour, self-restraint, reservation, slow responses, patience; - attention, excellent observational abilities, perceptual peculiarities; - cautious behaviour, avoidance of eye contact, keeping social distance; - view of time as relative, orientation to the present; - preference of concrete rather than abstract concepts, pragmatism; - love of children, importance of the family, role of the relatives; - permissive rearing, peculiar discipline methods; - generosity, indifference to ownership and saving, limited role of private property; - respect for the elderly, veneration of age, harmonious age relations.
15

RELIGIOSITY AND WELL-BEING IN SLOVAK AND HUNGARIAN STUDENT SAMPLES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS

51%
Halama P., Martos T., Adamovova L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2
101-115
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between religiosity and different aspects of well-being in samples of Slovak and Hungarian university students and raises the question of whether this relationship is moderated by personality traits. Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity, Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Purpose in Life test, Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Bipolar Big Five Markers were administered to 274 Slovak and 249 Hungarian university students. The results of bi-variety comparisons showed that religiosity correlated positively with meaning in life in both samples, but higher religiosity was associated with satisfaction and happiness only in the Hungarian sample. A series of moderated regression analysis testing three-way interaction models (religiosity x personality trait x nation) showed no support for an overall moderation effect of personality traits. Only weak interactions were found for agreeableness and openness in the Slovak sample when predicting meaning in life. The authors emphasize the need to take the cultural context of the religiosity/well-being relationship into account and suggest the need for further research on the question of whether religiosity could be considered as a universal source of meaning in different cultures.
16

PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF FEMALE AGGRESSION

51%
Rana M., Malhotra D.
Studia Psychologica
|
2008
|
vol. 50
|
issue 4
395-406
EN
The present study investigated the relationship between personality and aggression among females. The sample comprised 200 adolescent Indian females aged 13-15 years from H.P. The results show that there are some personality traits such as group dependency, low intelligence, excitability and impatience that contribute to physical, verbal and indirect aggression among females. Collectively, these personality traits accounted for 24% of the variance in female aggression. The findings were measured through stepwise regression analysis.
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